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Spoonbills Speakechoes across the PacificVol. 21 / Issue 1The Official Newsletter of SAVE (Spoonbill Action Voluntary Echo) InternationalA Project of Earth Island InstituteSpring 20199hydrologic surveys and experiments and to hold communityworkshops in order to better understand the current andhistoric issues related to the wetland as well as the ecosystemservices the wetland provides. Due to the hydrologic andecological importance of the 10th, 9th, 8th, and Old 5th SaltPans located to the south of Budai Salt Pan Wetland, theseareas were included in the Conservation and Utilization Plan.Some of the wise-use designations the research team definedCONFLICT OF GREENS VIDEO IS OUT!Researchers from SAVE International and National ChengKung University have been working on documenting andfinding resolution to the conflict between renewable energydevelopment and wetland conservation in Southwestern Taiwansince 2016. This video provides an introduction to this research,how the conflict came to be, and what alternative renewableenergy options exist. Please check SAVE’s website for the web linkor by visiting: https://bit.ly/2DT9AzY-BY ADRIENNE DODDSOLAR DEVELOPMENT VS. WETLAND“WISE-USE” IN TAIWANBudai Salt Pan Wetland, located in Chiayi County, Taiwan, is awetland of national importance, and a critical habitat of theendangered Black-Faced Spoonbill. In Taiwan, every wetland ofnational importance must have a Conservation and UtilizationPlan to define the wetland’s “wise-use” and functional zoning,essentially defining what activities are allowed to occurin that wetland. The researchers in charge of a wetland’sConservation and Utilization Plan are able to suggest inclusionof neighboring lands into the Plan if there is evidence thatthey are ecologically important. Dr. Hsiao-Wen Wang and herresearch team at NCKU (National Cheng Kung University) werethe ones in charge of Budai Salt Pan Wetland’s Conservation andUtilization Plan, and have been doing research in the wetlandsince 2011. Dr. Wang’s team partnered with other researchgroups and local stakeholders to conduct ecological andSpoonbills Speak, Vol. 21 / Issue 1, Spring 2019The area of the failed Budai Salt Pan Wetland Conservation andUtilization Plan outlined in red, including Budai Salt Pan Wetland(wetland of national importance), 10th Salt Pan, 9th Salt Pan, 8th SaltPan, and Old 5th Salt Pan. The approximate areas where solar facilitiesare being constructed are outlined and shaded in black.Image Credit/ Source: Adrienne Dodd using ArcGIS , Esri, DigitalGlobe,GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX,Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Communitywww.saveinternational.org
Images of Black-Faced Spoonbills and other birds foraging and resting inBudai 8th Salt Pan in January 2017 and September 2018Image Credits: Tsai-Chou Chiu (top) and Adrienne Dodd (bottom)Budai 8th Salt Pan under Construction in January 2019Image Credit: Adrienne Doddnew ecological analysis of the wetland in order to have aquantifiable approach to identify whether any areas inside thewetland were suitable to be considered for solar development.Their analysis was based on the area’s ecosystem services,ecological value, and possibility for restoration. This analysisfound two locations that could be considered for solardevelopment, and renewable energy development was addedto their wise-use designation. However the 8th Salt Pan hadtoo high a value and was found to not be suitable, thereforerenewable energy development was not included as a wiseuse. The Conservation and Utilization Plan for Budai Salt PanWetland was set to officially pass in 2018, but was not acceptedby the government. In the end, an official request was sent toDr. Wang and her team to take the 10th, 9th, 8th, and Old 5thSalt Pans out of the plan altogether. Dr. Wang’s research teamand local stakeholders, including fish farmers, residents, andvillage leaders, signed a letter explaining the importance ofthese salt pans, and why they should not be taken out of themanagement plan. Dr. Wang’s research team made the harddecision to resign from this project as the government wouldnot allow them to continue without explicitly acting againsttheir scientific findings. Construction in the 8th Salt Pan hasnow begun, and the Black-Faced Spoonbill has lost a criticalpiece of habitat.-BY ADRIENNE DODDincluded operating water gates for flood mitigation and birdhabitat creation, cycling of water with neighboring fishponds,as well as opening of certain areas for walking, birding, andfishing.In 2016 the government announced plans for solardevelopment to occur in the 10th, 9th, 8th, and Old 5th SaltPans. After protests from researchers, local stakeholders, andenvironmental NGOs, these plans were changed to only includethe 8th Salt Pan and a small section of the 9th Salt Pan. Sincethe 8th Salt Pan was already included in the Conservation andUtilization Plan of Budai Salt Pan Wetland, the governmentneeded Dr. Wang’s research team to include solar developmentas a wise-use of the 8th Salt Pan in order to continue with thedevelopment project. Due to its important hydrologic andecologic functions, for instance being a recorded habitat ofabout 8% of the world population of Black-faced Spoonbills,and providing flood mitigation and water cycling functionsto neighboring fish ponds, the research team was unable tofind scientific reasoning to support solar development being awise-use of this habitat.On many occasions, various government officials informallyrequested Dr. Wang to add solar development as a wiseuse of the 8th salt pan, or exclude the salt pan from theplan altogether. In 2017 the research team conducted aSpoonbills Speak, Vol. 21 / Issue 1, Spring 20192www.saveinternational.org
SCIENCE AS BRIDGE IN COMMUNICATINGNEEDS AND IMPLEMENTING CHANGESTOWARDS WETLAND CONSERVATIONThis paper describes how science and PAR can be used as a toolto create a partnership and open lines of communication withstakeholders. The successful implementation of a participatorywater management plan in Budai Salt Pan Wetland, which aidsin flood mitigation as well as habitat restoration, shows howscientific analysis that includes local knowledge helps to createbetter management plans, as well as empower local people toget involved in implementing Taiwan’s Wetland ConservationAct. Meanwhile, having sound scientific research as backingand support allows us to establish a meaningful relationshipwith the local government and put the plan into action. Overall,using science as a focal point in the discussions can help to directthe conversation and bridge gaps to find a balanced solutionthat may not have been considered before.-BY PIN-HAN KUOA paper highlighting successes of participatory action research(PAR) for sustainable water management in Budai Salt PanWetland has been published in the journal Wetlands by Dr.Hsiao-Wen Wang’s team at NCKU. SAVE has been a partner inpromoting participatory wetland management and conservationin Taiwan for over 20 years, and we are excited to share thisacademic development with SAVE, the stakeholders of Taiwan,and the global academic community. Budai Salt Pan Wetland is animportant habitat of the Black-faced Spoonbill but has a historyof mismanagement. Due to the lack of effective communicationamong stakeholders, whether they be local fishermen,government officials, environmentalists, or researchers, there is ahistory of conflict and misunderstanding regarding wetland issuesin Taiwan. The local stakeholders’ voices are often overlooked andthe government policy is often not clearly understood.Reference: Hsiao-Wen Wang, Adrienne E. Dodd, Pin-Han Kuo,Ben A. LePage (2018). “Science as a Bridge in CommunicatingNeeds and Implementing Changes towards WetlandConservation in Taiwan.” Wetlands, 38(6): pp 6-4In Budai local people and all relevant government agencies were invitedto attend a community meeting to create an environment based ontransparency and encourage communication between stakeholders.Local people were also invited to become partners in the monitoringsurveys with the academic team, which empowers them to conductscience-based, long-term management plans for the wetland.Photo Credits: Hsiao-Wen Wang’s research teamSpoonbills Speak, Vol. 21 / Issue 1, Spring 2019Use of simple, readable visual aids like maps and cards are importanttools to engage stakeholders participating in discussion.Photo Credits: Hsiao-Wen Wang’s research team3www.saveinternational.org
Another concern brought up by protestors is the possible impactson the Black-Faced Spoonbill, which use fishponds in the regionfor foraging. Historically, fish farmers in this area have beenencouraged by the government to follow bird-friendly practicesin order to protect the Black-faced Spoonbill. Now, fish farmersfeel betrayed that plans are going forth for solar-fishpond mixeduse without proving such development will not cause harm tothe spoonbill. Protestors from Cigu made six demands of thegovernment:1. Starting from the protection of the endangered Black-FacedSpoonbill, renewable energy development must exclude foragingareas of the Black-Faced Spoonbill.2. Appeal to the Council of Agriculture (COA) to focus on nationalconservation, and ensure that renewable energy developmentdoes not occur on no-groundwater-pumping aquaculture lands.3. Appeal to the COA to increase the incentive policy forrenewable energy development on aquaculture lands whereintensive groundwater pumping occurs in order to reducesubsidence and facilitate the rehabilitation of the country.Private solar-shrimp mixed-use farm in Cigu District ofTainan City, Taiwan in March 2018Image Credit: Adrienne Dodd4. Amend the “Coastal Zone Management Act” so Cigu coastalaquaculture areas, which are non-urban land types belongingto the “seaside roads” zone, are not allowed to apply for “useof land change” in specific areas or send letters to relevantdepartments in order to avoid the opportunistic attitude of thesolar industry.CIGU RESIDENTS PROTEST SOLARDEVELOPMENT ON FISH FARMSAmidst the push for renewable energy development in Taiwan,developers have bought or rented about 1200 hectares of fishpond land in Cigu (or Chiku) District of Tainan to construct solarfacilities, paying 10 times what fish farmers normally pay. Whilesome landowners have accepted this as an opportunity, otherlandowners turned down such offers as they, along with otherlocal people and fish farmers, are worried about the negativeimpacts such developments may have on the region, impactingfish farmers’ livelihoods, land prices, as well as water quality andwildlife. In order for developers to use aquaculture land for solarenergy production, the government must agree to grant them amixed-use permit, which would give them permission to build on40% of the land, while 60% would have to continue to be used asproductive fishponds.5. Sites planned to be developed with solar shall be subject tothe consent of the owner of the adjacent land in order to complywith the provisions of Article 27 of the Green Energy Regulations,which say that developments shall not affect the agricultural useand production on adjacent land.6. When a project related to solar development applies tothe government for consideration, the local government willhold a briefing/community meeting with the residents ofthe administrative area to ensure that local residents have amechanism for participation.-BY ADRIENNE DODDOn July 9th 2018 a group of about 80 people from Cigu gatheredin Taipei to protest these developments and ask the governmentto protect fish farmers’ livelihoods. Some believe such mixeduse is not always appropriate. One landowner interviewed saidthat because the water system for the fish ponds in this regionis connected, any pollution from solar developments in onefishpond could cause problems to all of the other interconnectedfishponds. Protesters argue that such a high-risk system shouldnot be the first solar-fish pond mixed-use to be attempted.Fish farms in this area of Tainan are also the only ones alongTaiwan’s west coast that do not pump ground water as part oftheir operations, which helps to mitigate seawater infiltrationand land subsidence. Protestors believe such fishponds shouldbe protected, and not allowed to be considered for mixed-usedevelopment.Spoonbills Speak, Vol. 21 / Issue 1, Spring 2019Diagrams from the Council of Agriculture’s website for possible fishpondsolar mixed-use constructionSource: https://age.coa.gov.tw/index.php?theme ws&id 25067764www.saveinternational.org
UPDATE: CIGU SALT PAN SOLARPHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PROJECTproject. In this hearing Dr. Yih-Tsong Ueng proposed that it is betterto combine the separate ecological reservation zones of the threesites into one complete area to secure a more effective conservationeffort. BFSA also holds a similar view. At the end of the hearing,Tai Power promised to reduce the total area of the greenbeltsurrounding the three sites to less than 10 ha, and will make a 54-hacomplete conservation zone located at the west side of zone A.Taiwan plans to increase the share of renewable energy generationcapacity up to 20% by 2025, in which solar photovoltaic (PV) installedcapacity is planned to reach 20 gigawatts. The Executive Yuandevised the “Solar PV Two-Year Promotion Project” in June 2016.Rooftop and ground-mounted systems are the two pillars. The targetfor ground-mounted systems is to be deployed on abandoned saltpans, unfavorable farming lands, inland waters, and landfills. For thisreason, two critical BFS wintering habitats, including Budai salt panin Chiayi County and Cigu salt pan in Tainan City, have faced urgentthreats for the past two years (see Dodd articles for more). Since2017, SAVE International started to communicate with the TaiwanGovernment hoping that it could strike a balance between greenenergy development and ecological protection.Tai Power is now equipping a transmission feeder line along Highway17. The transmission and distribution line system of the Cigu saltpan solar PV project could be completed as early as May this year.Editor’s Note: SAVE was not asked to participate in thesediscussions and therefore cannot endorse the solutions.-BY PO-HSIU KUOThe developer of Cigu salt pan solar PV power project is TaiwanPower Company (Tai Power). In the beginning, Tai Power plannedto develop a 792-ha solar PV power plant including A E five zonesin Cigu salt pan (see upper right image). Yet SAVE’s action, as wellas domestic NGOs campaigns, have pressured the authorities andTai Power to slow down their pace and respond to the argumentsfrom the society. So far, Tai Power has revised its plan by excludingthe important wild bird habitats assessed by the Endemic SpeciesResearch Center of the Council of Agriculture. The revised plan ofsites includes zone A (97.67 ha), zone B (21.85 ha) and zone C (94.98ha) with a total area of 214.5 ha (see lower right image).Tai Power has met with the locally-based Black-faced SpoonbillAssociation (BFSA), other NGOs, and the local headmen (communityleaders) over the past two years. It also conducted a survey tounderstand the opinions of local people (i.e. those who live in the villagesaround Cigu salt pan). The results show that the reasons for the public’sdisapproval of the solar PV power project include changing the naturalenvironment, pollution, and the impact on the livelihood of farmersand fishermen. The agreement that came out of this process was thatlocal people would approve the plan when Tai Power had adequateprovisions to address their concerns. Many local headmen supportthe project but asked Tai Power to host more public meetings withthe communities and to make sure it will provide a feedback fund totheir communities for things such as support of local temples and localevents. [Note: In Taiwan, however, this kind of fund is usually abused.]Tai Power applied the map of Ecological Dispute Area assessed by the EndemicSpecies Research Center to choose the sites for the solar PV plant. In the originalplan (May 2017), five zones were included for the solar PV power plant.Image Credit: Tai PowerIn response to the NGOs and local people, Tai Power proposed somesolutions such as minimizing the changes in the natural ecologicalenvironment by leaving buffer greenbelts and reserving at least 30% ofthe space for ecological, landscaping and buffering. It also proposed analternative economic solution which includes establishing/operating acivic power plant and creating jobs for the locals by training them toguide a tour of the solar PV power plant. The concept of a civic powerplant is mostly from the BFSA and a few other NGOs.On December 24th, Legislator Man-li Chen hosted a public hearingin the Legislative Yuan in Taipei to discuss the zoning issues of theecological conservation zone in the Cigu salt pan solar PV powerSpoonbills Speak, Vol. 21 / Issue 1, Spring 2019A revised plan (October 2018) of zones A, B, and C totaling 214.5 hectares.Image Credit: Tai Power5www.saveinternational.org
SPOONBILL EXCHANGES ACROSS THEFLYWAYWhen in East Asia this spring SAVE members Marcia McNallyand Randy Hester participated in two exchanges with sisterorganizations. The first exchange was the third activism workshoporganized by Jiading Wetland Youth (JWY). It was a two-dayevent. The first day included a group bike ride to the wetland andto the Erin River restoration project. We also went to the JiadingWetlands Visitor Center and saw many spoonbills. Approximately40 people participated – a great time of reconnecting withfriends and meeting new Jiading Wetlands lovers. JWY assembledan impressive number of cosponsors, some of whom gavepresentations about their work, including Mr. Su from the QiedingAssociation for Boats and Rafts (traditional sand pans) and MarcyLin of the Say Hello Market. Several members of Team SPOONcame from Japan to present; their second activism workshop.The second day of the JWY workshop was also presentations. Themost thrilling was a presentation made by Dr. Pei-Chung Chen, aveterinarian. Birds are brought to his clinic, the Loving KindnessAnimal Hospital in Tainan, to be treated and recover. With slideshe chronicled the evolution of the spoonbill rescue efforts inTaiwan, such as during the botulism outbreak in 2002 whichwiped out 10% of the BFS population at the time. At the end ofthe presentation Dr. Chen announced he was joining SAVE anddonated his speaker’s honorarium to the organization. WelcomeDr. Chen!For their second exchange of the trip, Hester and McNally wentto Japan and had the opportunity to accompany Team SPOON onone of their field trips to Funabashi Sanbanze Seaside Park andKasai Rinkai Park Bird Sanctuary. They had been to Sanbanze in1999 when there were only a small group of activists struggling topreserve the site. Today it has a visitors center and other facilitiesas well as an active environmental education program. The groupof 15 was led by Mr. Takaya Ozawa who taught the art of diggingField trips to Funabashi Sanbanze Sea Side Park and Kasai Rinkai ParkBird SanctuaryImage Credit: Marcia McNallyfor crabs. The tripgoers included Mr. Minoru Kashiwagi, a longtime SAVE member and friend of our Fukuoka colleague SatoruMatsumoto. At Kasai Park Ms. Mizuki Kojima took participantsto see two spoonbills that were hunkered down in the blastingwind. The day concluded with an exchange at Tokyo Tech whereMcNally presented SAVE’s approach to spoonbill conservation.From the children’s drawing contest at the Wetland Life Fest, JiadingImage Credit: Marcy LinSpoonbills Speak, Vol. 21 / Issue 1, Spring 2019-BY MARCIA MCNALLY WITH MARCY LIN & AYAKO HONZAWA6www.saveinternational.org
Tidal Flat serves as one of the most significant habitats for manyspecies, including the Black-faced Spoonbill and Black-tailedGodwit, a great number of other shorebirds, and its “signaturespecies” the Great Knot. T
Spoonbills Speak, Vol. 21 / Issue 1, Spring 2019. 2 www.saveinternational.org. included operating water gates for flood mitigation and bird habitat creation, cycling of water with neighboring fishponds, as well as opening of certain areas for walking, birding, and . fishing. In 2016 the government announced plans for solar
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