Pennsylvania 4-H Marshmallow Catapult

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Pennsylvania 4-HMarshmallow CatapultLesson Title: Marshmallow CatapultAge Appropriateness: Elementary Middle School High School All 4-H AgesSuggested amount of time for lesson: 40- 60 minutesSupplies Needed Craft sticks Rubber bands Marshmallows – large or mini Bamboo skewer Plastic spoon Pencil Other helpful items might include binder clips, brad fasteners, paper clips or other householditems4-H Project that aligns with this activity: Junk Drawer RoboticsLesson:Objectives:Design a catapult that satisfies the following requirements: A trebuchet-style swing arm. A catapult is any device that throws an object, although it commonly refers tothe medieval weapon. Trebuchets are a type of catapult, using gravity (with acounterweight) or traction (people pulling down), to propel the arm and oftenemploying a sling at the end of the arm for greater distance.The arm must be adjustable (moveable pivot point).Use at least 5 different types of materials or parts (craft sticks, brads, dowels, paintstirring sticks. etc.) as part of the constructionUse weights and gravity as power source.Launch a Marshmallow at least 6 feet!

Activity:Think of how you could design a trebuchet-style mini catapult, big and strong enough tolaunch a marshmallow with items from your bag of supplies or items you find around yourhouse. Put on your engineer hat and make a sketch of your design idea. You may browse theinternet (with an adult or with adult’s permission) for pictures of different types of catapults.Search for a trebuchet-style catapult.1. Put on your engineer hat and make a sketch of your design idea. You may find youhave to make several different sketches before you are ready to begin construction.You can make you sketch on plain paper on the Engineer Notebook pages attachedDid you know? During the design process, engineers:Identify the problem or challenge. Identify design requirements and limitations on the design due to availableresources and the environment. Brainstorm possible solutions to the problem or challenge.Generate ideas and develop the most promising ones.Explore possibilities and the pros and cons of each.Select an approach by identifying the design that appears to solve the problembest. 2. Build a model or prototype.Try it out!3. Test your Catapult Refine the design by identifying changes that need to bemade and improving the model or prototype.(nationalgeographic.com) Think about what you have that be used as weights Plastic spoons make a great payload (marshmallow)holder, but do you have other ideas of what can beused.It is extremely rare for engineers to get a working design exactlyright the first time. Try launching a marshmallow with yourcatapult. How far did the marshmallow go?What could you do to make it go father?If your catapult did not work, go back to the Did youknow? list and see what improvements you could make.

The Engineering Design Process consists of six steps and at any point you may need to returnto a previous step to redesign or improve your idea:1. State the Problem2. Generate Ideas3. Select a Solution4. Built the Item5. Evaluate6. Present ResultsRemembering:What is a catapult?Were you able to create a catapult with an adjustable arm?Were you able to launch your marshmallow at least 6 feet?ApplyingWhat do you think you could do to improve your design?What elements would you choose to change if you build a new catapult?AnalyzingDo you think your catapult would be more or less effective in launching a large marshmallow vs. asmall marshmallow?Are these supplies you wish you had that would make your design more effective?EvaluatingDid you design meet the specification listed?Were these thinks you would do different if you did this again?SharingDid you share your project with anyone?References used for this lessonNational 4-H Council: Junk Drawer Robotics Module 1 and Youth Robotics botics-week-one.htmlTo Find out More about 4-H programs visit: https://extension.psu.edu/programs/4-h

This publication is available in alternative media on request.The University is committed to equal access to programs, facilities, admission, and employment forall persons. It is the policy of the University to maintain an environment free of harassmentand free of discrimination against any person because of age, race, color, ancestry, nationalorigin, religion, creed, service in the uniformed services (as defined in state and federal law),veteran status, sex, sexual orientation, marital or family status, pregnancy, pregnancyrelated conditions, physical or mental disability, gender, perceived gender, gender identity,genetic information, or political ideas. Discriminatory conduct and harassment, as well assexual misconduct and relationship violence, violates the dignity of individuals, impedes therealization of the University’s educational mission, and will not be tolerated. Direct all inquiriesregarding the nondiscrimination policy to the Affirmative Action Office, The Pennsylvania StateUniversity, 328 Boucke Building, University Park, PA 16802-5901, Email: aao@psu.edu, Tel814-863-0471.

- 4-H Robotics:·1,- iigineering for Todcy and TomorrowRobotics NotebookDateSignaturel IDoII·1Activity - Marshmallow Catapult DesignDesign a special catapult that can launch a marshmallow: I Design a "Trebuchet" style swing arm catapult. The arm of the catapult must be adjustable (moveable pivot point). Use at least five (5) different types of materials or parts(craft sticks, brads, dowels, etc.).II Use weights and gravity as the power source.III Launch a marshmallow at least six (6) feet.JII111llIUse words, drawings, measurements, and other tools to help in describing your design.Describe the materials you plan to use and how you may have to change them by cutting,bending, or fastening them together.4-H Junk Drawer Robotics Youth Notebook111IIIiIIIIII

-4-H Robotics:Engineering for Today and TomorrowRobotics NotebookDateSignatureo MakeActivity - Marshmallow Catapult BuildDescribe how your design worked and any changes you had to make since your first design.Indicate the target pattern for your marshmallow landings. Were they 6 feet away; were they closeto each other?Draw your final design below:IIiij.;i .;;. . I-ii lrrI IIIrII4-H Junk Drawer Robotics Youth Notebook

A trebuchet-style swing arm. A catapult is any device that throws an object, although it commonly refers to the medieval weapon. Trebuchets are a type of catapult, using gravity (with a counterweight) or traction (people

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