On Implementation Of The WHO Framework Convention On .
2018 GLOBAL PROGRESS REPORTon Implementation of the WHOFramework Conventionon Tobacco Control
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2018 GLOBAL PROGRESS REPORTon Implementation of the WHOFramework Conventionon Tobacco Control3
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data2018 global progress report on implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.1.Tobacco Industry – legislation. 2.Smoking – prevention and control. 3.Tobacco Use Disorder - mortality. 4.Tobacco – adverseeffects. 5.Marketing - legislation. 6.International Cooperation. 7.Treaties. I.WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.II.World Health Organization.ISBN 978-92-4-151461-3Acknowledgements4This report was prepared by the Convention Secretariat,WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Dr TiborSzilagyi from the Reporting and Knowledge Managementteam of the Convention Secretariat led the overall work ondata analysis and preparation of the report. Hanna Ollila,from the WHO FCTC Secretariat’s Knowledge Hub onSurveillance, conducted the data analysis and drafted thetext for the report as per guidance from the ConventionSecretariat. The following colleagues from the Secretariat’sReporting and Knowledge Management teams contributedto the drafting of the report: Leticia Martínez López,Dominique Nguyen, Rob Tripp and Kayla Zhang. Specialthanks for contributions by the other teams of theConvention Secretariat. Important contributions weremade by Alison Louise Commar of the WHO Departmentfor Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases to the sectionon the prevalence of tobacco use and Corne van Walbeek,Chipo Rusere and Samantha Filby, on behalf of the WHOFCTC Secretariat’s Knowledge Hub on Taxation and IllicitTrade, to the section on taxation. Special recognitiongoes to Shyam Upadhyaya, Chief Statistician of theUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization andan Observer to the Conference of the Parties, for data onglobal tobacco manufacturing trends. The report benefitedfrom the guidance and inputs provided by Dr Vera Luiza daCosta e Silva, Head of the Convention Secretariat. Theirassistance and contributions are warmly acknowledged. World Health Organization 2018Some rights reserved. This work is available underthe Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; igo).Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistributeand adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, providedthe work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. Inany use of this work, there should be no suggestion thatWHO endorses any specific organization, products orservices. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If youadapt the work, then you must license your work underthe same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. Ifyou create a translation of this work, you should add thefollowing disclaimer along with the suggested citation:“This translation was not created by the World HealthOrganization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for thecontent or accuracy of this translation. 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TABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWORD 6EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 81. INTRODUCTION 102. OVERALL PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION 123. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION BY PROVISIONS 15General obligations (Article 5)15 Reduction of demand for tobacco 21Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco (Article 6) Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke (Article 8) Regulation of the contents of tobacco products (Article 9)and Regulation of the tobacco product disclosures (Article 10) Packaging and labelling of tobacco products (Article 11) Education, communication, training and public awareness (Article 12) Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (Article 13) Measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation (Article 14) Reduction of the supply of tobacco3034374346 Illicit trade in tobacco products (Article 15)Sales to and by minors (Article 16) Other provisions212751 5154 Tobacco growing and support for economically viable alternatives (Article 17)and protection of the environment and the health of persons (Article 18)Liability (Article 19) Research, surveillance and exchange of information (Article 20) Reporting and exchange of information (Article 21) International cooperation (Article 22) 56 56606266694. NEW AND EMERGING TOBACCO PRODUCTS 735. PREVALENCE OF TOBACCO USE 756. PRIORITIES, NEEDS, GAPS AND CHALLENGES 787. CONCLUSIONS 795
FOREWORDThe 2018 Global Progress Report onImplementation of the WHO FrameworkConvention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) isreflective of the level of activity and commitmentof the Parties to the Convention as they moveforward with implementation of the Convention.The WHO FCTC is the first international treatynegotiated under the auspices of WHO. Itwas adopted by the World Health Assemblyon 21 May 2003 and entered into force on 27February 2005. It has since become one of themost rapidly and widely embraced treaties inUnited Nations history.6The advances that have taken place in theimplementation of the Convention, which arereflected in this report, demonstrate the impactof the Convention – in the reduction in tobaccouse among adults and young people in manyParties.This report marks the first time since theConvention came into force that all Partieshave formally submitted at least one report onthe implementation of the treaty within theirrespective jurisdictions. As we are hopefulto have the Conference of the Parties (COP)adopt the Convention’s first Medium-termStrategic Framework, this global analysis ofWHO FCTC implementation status will providethe baseline dataset for measuring the impactof the Strategic Framework in the future.The concerted effort of the Parties, theConvention Secretariat and other stakeholdershave led to significant advances inimplementation of various measures requiredunder the Convention. The 2018 reportingcycle also detected mounting support for theProtocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in TobaccoProducts, which successfully gathered the 40ratifications needed for its entry into force justafter the closure of the reporting period.The active engagement of the WHO FCTCSecretariat’s knowledge hubs is making asignificant contribution towards strengtheningthe implementation of the Convention andin the development of policy and legislativeenhancements among the WHO FCTC Parties.New tools have been developed in the areasof smokeless tobacco and water-pipe tobaccouse by some hubs, and other new tools arecoming from the others. Technical assistancegenerated through South–South and triangularcooperation projects and through otherpartners of the Convention Secretariat alsohelps in building country capacity to improvethe implementation of the Convention.Reporting, while an obligatory function underthe WHO FCTC, presents an opportunityfor Parties to recount their stories on howtobacco control can remarkably improvethe health of their populations. This processhelps highlighting the Parties’ own domesticsuccesses, but also helps to paint a pictureof the treaty’s global impact. Sharing thisvaluable information on worthwhile practicescan help all Parties improve the health of theirown populations, strengthen their relations withone another and withstand the influence of theglobal tobacco industry.Despite the broad acceptance of the WHOFCTC reporting instrument introduced in2016, challenges remain as the reportingprocess is complex and could be perceivedas burdensome. The Convention Secretariatis continuously looking for the most effectiveways to improve the reporting process andmake it more user-friendly.The Convention Secretariat is happy toinform the Parties that for the first time in thepreparation of the Global Progress Report aknowledge hub was involved in the analyticalwork. Specifically, the WHO FCTC Secretariat’s
Knowledge Hub on Taxation has taken overthe duty of analysing taxation and price datareported by the Parties. Our positive experiencewith the hub will help us extend the scope ofsuch collaboration to other hubs. Additionally,it is also for the first time that a United Nationsagency partner, which also happens to be aCOP observer, the United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organization, contributed tothe Global Progess Report by summarizingthe information they collect on tobaccomanufacturing. As always, our main partner,the World Health Organization, contributed tothe analysis of the prevalence data. All thesecontributions are warmly acknowledged.The Convention Secretariat, when releasingthis 2018 Global Progress Report, remainsenthusiastic on the advances that we aremaking collectively in addressing the globaltobacco epidemic. We remain committed toworking with and supporting the Parties to theConvention in their efforts. The Convention Secretariat7(Courtesy of the Secretariat of the WHO FCTC. Photo: A.Tardy)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe 2018 reporting cycle for the WHOFramework Convention on Tobacco Control(WHO FCTC) was conducted in accordancewith decision FCTC/COP4(16), using anInternet-based reporting instrument. Datacollection for the 2018 reporting cycle wascarried out from 1 January to 31 March 2018.Of all 181 Parties to the Convention, 142 (78%)formally submitted their 2018 implementationreports, while most of the remaining Partiesupdated some of their information in the reportingdatabase. For the first time since the Conventionentered into force, all Parties have formallysubmitted at least one implementation report.8Reporting on their implementation of theWHO FCTC is not only an obligation for theParties, it also is an opportunity for them toshare information on their progress towardsimplementation, as well as challenges, needsand barriers. In addition, the reporting processcontributes to the dissemination of experiencesand best practices among the Parties to theWHO FCTC.While the status of implementation hasconsistently improved since the Convention’sentry into force in 2005, progress towardsimplementation of the various articles remainsuneven, with implementation rates ranging from13% to 88%. Time-bound measures under theConvention (Articles 8, 11 and 13) continue tobe the most implemented, with the Article 13measures lagging somewhat behind the othertwo time-bound articles.As was the case in previous reporting cycles,Article 8 (Protection from exposure to tobaccosmoke), Article 11 (Packaging and labellingof tobacco products), Article 12 (Education,communication, training and public awareness)and Article 16 (Sales to and by minors) have beenimplemented most successfully. Meanwhile,Article 18 (Protection of the environment andthe health of persons), Article 19 (Liability) andArticle 17 (Provision of support of economicallyviable alternative activities) seem to be theleast successfully implemented, with little orno progress in comparison to 2016. Someimplementation details are highlighted below.In 2018, an increasing number of Partiesreported having put in place or ies and tobacco control action plans,with nearly two thirds reporting measures takento prevent tobacco industry interference withtobacco control policies. Tobacco industrymonitoring, in line with the recommendationsof the Guidelines for implementation of Article5.3 of the Convention, seems to receive moreattention from the Parties, not least because ofthe emphasis put by the Convention Secretariaton the project establishing sentinel tobaccoindustry observatories in various regions.Important advances were observed inimplementation of measures relating to thereduction of demand for tobacco. Morethan 90% of the Parties indicated havingimplemented tax and/or price policies, andthe same percentage declared having bannedsmoking in all public places. A considerablenumber of Parties also shared their experiencein extending or planning to extend smokingbans to outdoor environments, as well as onthe inclusion of novel products in their existingsmoke-free legislation.Health warnings are now required in almost90% of Parties, with a growing number ofParties implementing or planning to implementplain or standardized packaging. Education,communication, training and public awarenesscampaigns have been carried out widely at thenational and regional levels, often in conjunctionwith World No Tobacco Day. However, furtherefforts should be carried out by Parties tospecifically address gender-specific riskswhen developing tobacco control strategies.
Furthermore, it is important to address theneeds of indigenous peoples in order to reducethe high prevalence of tobacco use in suchcommunities.While most of the Parties have reported theexistence of a comprehensive ban in theircountries on all tobacco advertising, promotionand sponsorship, cross-border advertisingremains less regulated and difficult to enforce.Tobacco-dependence diagnosis, treatmentand counselling services are included in nationaltobacco control programmes in more thantwo thirds of the Parties, which is significantprogress compared to one half in 2016.A key milestone for 2018 was the entry intoforce of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Tradein Tobacco Products, which was ratified by 46Parties at the time of the writing of this report.Meanwhile, over two thirds of the Partieshave also reported enacting or strengtheninglegislation aimed at tackling illicit trade on thenational level.Even though 85% of the Parties have prohibitedsales of tobacco products to minors and agrowing number of the Parties have increasedthe minimum age to purchase tobaccoproducts, there is still room for improvement,especially in banning self-service shelves andvending shed by more than 70% of the Parties,advances in research, and the observationof patterns of tobacco consumption havecontributed to the improved monitoring ofprogress towards both the implementationof the WHO FCTC, which is a target in theSustainable Development Goals, and globaltargets for noncommunicable diseases.Despite the significant progress and sustainedeffort in implementation of the Convention, thelack of human and financial resources remainsthe challenge cited most often by the Parties.Additionally, technical assistance is still verymuch needed in the fields of taxation, policydevelopment, research and national rence, combined with the emergence ofnew and novel tobacco products, continuesto be considered the most serious barrier toprogress.The WHO FCTC Secretariat’s knowledgehubs, South–South and triangular cooperationamong the Parties, the dissemination of reportsdocumenting best practices in countries,and the development of toolkits by theConvention Secretariat and its partners offerthe Parties tailored support in areas in whichimplementation rates are lower and presentgreater challenges.Overall, the progress described in this reportindicates that the Convention is indeed havingan impact through the momentum it creates,the intensification of international collaborationand creation of a network of supportingpartners within and outside the UN system, allthese taking place under the clear guidance ofthe Conference of the Parties (COP).For the first time in the history of the Convention,the eighth session of the COP will consider adraft Medium-term Strategic Framework forscaling up implementation of the Convention.The data and findings from this reporting cyclepresent a solid body of information on whichthe new framework could be based, as theyprovide insight into the most successful andmost challenging areas of work. That insight willhelp the COP and the Parties to the Conventionprioritize their actions at the national, regionaland international levels.9
1.10INTRODUCTIONThe 2018 Global Progress Report onImplementation of the WHO FrameworkConvention on Tobacco Control is the eighthglobal tobacco report since 2007. It hasbeen prepared in accordance with decisionFCTC/COP1(14) taken by the Conferenceof the Parties (COP) at its first session,which established reporting arrangementsunder the WHO Framework Convention onTobacco Control (WHO FCTC), and decisionFCTC/COP4(16) taken at its fourth session,harmonizing the reporting cycle under theConvention with the regular sessions of theCOP. Furthermore, in the latter decision the COPrequested the Convention Secretariat to submitglobal progress reports on implementation ofthe WHO FCTC for the consideration of theCOP at each of its regular sessions, basedon the reports submitted by the Parties in therespective reporting cycle.The scope of this Global Progress Report isthreefold. First, it provides an overview of thestatus of implementation of the Convention onthe basis of the information submitted by theParties in the 2018 reporting cycle. Second,it presents self-assessments by the Paries ofmeasures and innovative practices they putin place while implementing the Convention.Finally, the report summarizes progress,opportunities and challenges related to theimplementation of individual articles of theConvention and formulates conclusions forconsideration by the COP when determiningpossible ways forward.1In the 2018 reporting cycle, two questionnaireswere available for Parties’ use: 1) the corequestionnaire, adopted by the COP in 2010 andsubsequently amended for the 2014 and 2016reporting cycles; and 2) a set of “additionalquestions on the use of implementationguidelines adopted by the Conference of theParties”, available for Parties’ use since 2014and updated for the 2016 reporting cycle. Bothquestionnaires are in the public domain andcan be viewed on the WHO FCTC website1. In2016, the reporting was conducted for the firsttime with an online questionnaire, and in 2018the online questionnaire
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Dr Tibor Szilagyi from the Reporting and Knowledge Management team of the Convention Secretariat led the overall work on data analysis and preparation of the report. Hanna Ollila, from the WHO FCTC Secretariat’s Knowledge Hub on Surveillance, conducted the data analysis and drafted the text for the .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
