Chapter 2: Scope Of Museum Collections
Chapter 2: Scope of Museum CollectionsPageA.Overview.2:1What information will I find in this chapter? .2:1What other resources can help me prepare and implement my park’sScope of Collection Statement?.2:1B.Museum Collections.2:1What is a museum collection?.2:1Why should parks acquire and manage museum collections? .2:2Who can accept museum collections? .2:3C.The Scope of Collection Statement .2:3What is a Scope of Collection Statement? .2:3Does every park require a Scope of Collection Statement? .2:3Why does my park need a Scope of Collection Statement? .2:3How do I determine the scope of my park’s museum collection? .2:4What is a park Collections Advisory Committee?.2:4Are parks required to have a Collections Advisory Committee? .2:5Who prepares and approves a Scope of Collection Statement? .2:5What is the distribution of an approved Scope of Collection Statement? .2:5How often should I review and revise my park’s Scope of Collection Statement? .2:5What are the parts of a Scope of Collection Statement? .2:5What is the Executive Summary (Scope of Collection Summary)? .2:6When should I use the Scope of Collection Summary? .2:6D.Writing the Introductory Section of the Scope of Collection Statement .2:6What should I include on the Title Page?.2:6What should I include in the Executive Summary? .2:7What should I include in the Table of Contents?.2:7How do I prepare the Introduction? .2:7What legal authorities should I reference? .2:7What information should I include about the park’s mission? .2:8What information should I include about the purpose of the collection?.2:8What park documents should I reference?.2:8What should I include about mandated collections? .2:9Should I include information on the significance of the collection? .2:9What other references should I include in the Introduction? .2:10E.Writing the Types of Collection Section .2:10What should I include in the Types of Collection section? .2:10What do I need to know about natural history collections to help meprepare the Types of Collections section?.2:12What other information concerning natural history collectionsshould I include in the Types of Collections section? .2:13What do I need to know about cultural collections to help meprepare the Types of Collections section?.2:14What other information concerning cultural collections should Iinclude in the Types of Collections section? .2:14What do I need to know about Archival and Manuscript Collections tohelp me prepare the Types of Collections section?.2:15
How do I determine if material belongs in the park library or themuseum collection? .2:16F.Writing the Museum Collections Subject to NAGPRA Section .2:17What is NAGPRA? .2:17What do I include in the SOCS about NAGPRA? .2:17G.Writing the Acquisition Section .2:18How do I prepare the Acquisition section? .2:18What is some suggested wording for the Acquisition section? .2:19H.Writing the Uses of Collections Section .2:20How do I prepare the Uses of Collections section? .2:20What is some suggested wording for the Uses of Collections section?.2:21I.Writing the Restrictions Section.2:22How do I prepare the Restrictions section?.2:22What is some suggested wording for the Restrictions section?.2:23J.Writing the Management Actions Section .2:24How do I prepare the Management Actions section? .2:24What is some suggested wording for the Management Actions section?.2:24K.Implementing the Scope of Collection Statement .2:25Does my park need to develop an acquisition strategy?.2:25Is there a standard format for an acquisition strategy? .2:25What other factors should we consider when developing our park’sacquisition strategy? .2:26What criteria should my park use to acquire collections? .2:26Where can I find additional information concerning acquisitions? .2:28What should I do if the collection includes museum objects that arenot relevant to our park? .2:28L.Selected Bibliography.2:28List of FiguresFigure 2.1 Example Scope of Collection Summary.2:29Figure 2.2 Example Potential Museum Acquisitions Sheet.2:30
CHAPTER 2: SCOPE OF MUSEUM COLLECTIONSA. Overview1. What information will I findin this chapter?2. What other resources canhelp me prepare andimplement my park’sScope of CollectionStatement?In this chapter you will find answers to these questions: What is a museum collection? Who can accept a museum collection? What is a Scope of Collection Statement (SOCS)? Why does my park need a SOCS? How do I write a Scope of Collection Statement? Why should I include an Executive Summary (Scope of CollectionStatement Summary)? How do I write a Scope of Collection Statement Summary? How do I implement a museum collection acquisition program? What criteria can I use to justify acceptance or rejection of museumobjects? What is a Collections Advisory Committee? Who serves on a Collections Advisory Committee?For additional information, see the: Sample Scope of Collection Statement in Appendix E: Scope ofCollection Statement Checklist for Evaluating a Scope of Collection Statement inAppendix E Bibliography in Section L., at the end of this chapterB. Museum Collections1. What is a museumcollection?A museum collection is a group of artifacts (including archives) and/orscientific specimens that are relevant to the park’s mission, mandates,history, and themes, and which the park manages, preserves, and makesavailable for access (through research, exhibits, and other media) for thepublic benefit.The Departmental Manual (411 DM 1.3) defines museum property(museum collections) as:NPS Museum Handbook, Part I (2003)2:1
“an assemblage of museum objects collected according to some rationalscheme and maintained so they can be preserved, studied, or interpreted forpublic benefit. Museum objects include prehistoric and historic objects,artifacts, works of art, archival documents [historical and/or scientificdocuments collections as defined in the Departmental Museum PropertyHandbook, 411 DM Volume I, Appendix A, Section A.2.d.] and naturalhistory specimens that are a part of museum collections. Elements,fragments, and components of structures are objects if they are no longer apart of the original structure. Museum property does not include thoseitems necessary to display a collection such as exhibit cases, dioramas,special lighting, graphics, etc.”Consult with your regional/SO curator and regional historical architect forguidance concerning accessioning structural components and historic fabricinto your park’s collection.Note: In rare instances, museum dioramas or exhibit cases may beconsidered museum property (such as dioramas constructed by the CivilianConservation Corps) or historic fabric.NPS Management Policies (2001), 5.3.5.5 “Museum Collections” states:“The Service will collect, protect, preserve, provide access to, and useobjects, specimens, and archival and manuscript collections (henceforthreferred to collectively as ‘collections,’ or individually as ‘items’) in thedisciplines of archeology, ethnography, history, biology, geology, andpaleontology to aid understanding among park visitors and to advanceknowledge in the humanities and sciences.”2. Why should parks acquireand manage museumcollections?Chapter 9 of Cultural Resource Management Guideline, Release No. 5(1997), which implements Director’s Order #28: Cultural ResourceManagement (June 1998), states:“Museum collections (objects, specimens, and archival and manuscriptcollections) are important park resources in their own right as well as beingvaluable for the information they provide about processes, events, andinteractions among people and the environment. Natural and culturalobjects and their associated records provide baseline data, serving asscientific and historical documentation of the park’s resources and purpose.All resource management records that are directly associated with museumobjects are managed as museum property. These and other resourcemanagement records are preserved as part of the archival and manuscriptcollection because they document and provide an information base for thecontinuing management of the park’s resources. Museum objects used inexhibits, furnished historic structures, and other interpretive programs helpvisitors gain better understanding of the events, activities, and peoplecommemorated by parks.”2:2NPS Museum Handbook, Part I (2003)
Museum collection records such as accession records, catalog records,loan records, conservation records, and inventory records are notincluded in the museum collection. They are official records that aregenerated in the course of doing government business. You must retainthese records in association with museum collections. Do not catalogor include them as part of the park’s museum collection. Themanagement of these records is governed by Director’s Order #19:Records Management (Jan 2001). Because they are used in the day-today management of the park collection, they are listed on the RecordsDisposition Schedule as being permanently retained in association withmuseum collections. See Museum Handbook, Part II (MH-II),Museum Records.3. Who can accept museumcollections?By delegation, your park’s superintendent represents the Director and theSecretary of the Interior in accepting title to and responsibility for museumcollections. (See MH-II, Museum Records, Chapter 1, for guidance ondelegation of authority and museum property management.)Each park superintendent is responsible for ensuring that all collectionsacquired are in keeping with the Scope of Collection Statement beforeaccepting the items as part of the permanent collection.C. The Scope of CollectionStatement1.What is a Scope ofCollection Statement?A Scope of Collection Statement is a stand-alone museum planningdocument that succinctly defines the scope of the park’s museum collectionholdings at the present and for the future. The SOCS derives from thepark’s mission, as well as laws and regulations mandating the preservationof collections. It is: the critical basis for managing museum collections referenced in each park’s General Management Plan, ResourceManagement Plan, Long-Range Interpretive Plan, and other planningdocuments that may affect the collection of museum objects or theirmanagement and use2. Does every park require aScope of CollectionStatement?Yes, all parks must have a Scope of Collection Statement. Although someparks may not intend to acquire a “typical” museum collection, each parkwill, at a minimum, possess archives documenting the history andmanagement of the park, as well as objects and specimens generated fromresource management activities. Other NPS organizational units (such asconservation centers, regional offices, or support offices) that acquire andmaintain museum collections must also have a fully developed SOCS.3. Why does my park need aScope of CollectionStatement?A Scope of Collection Statement guides your park in the acquisition andmanagement of those museum objects that contribute directly to the park’smission, as well as those additional collections that the Service is legallymandated to preserve. A SOCS:NPS Museum Handbook, Part I (2003)2:3
defines the purpose of the park’s museum collection sets agreed-upon limits that specify the subject matter, geographicallocation, and time period to which the collection must relate evolves from legislation and planning documents specific to each park,and from laws, regulations, and NPS policies governing research andspecimen collection conducted within park boundaries states what types of objects will be acquired to fulfill the park’s mission considers collection use and restrictionsDirector’s Order #24: NPS Museum Collection Management, 4.3.6 “Scopeof Collections” states that NPS units with museum collections must:“Approve and keep current a Scope of Collection Statement to identify thescope of collecting activities and define the purpose of the collection.Ensure acquisitions are consistent with the Scope of Collection Statement.Deaccession objects inconsistent with the Scope of Collection Statement.”4. How do I determine thescope of my park’smuseum collection?5. What is a park CollectionsAdvisory Committee?2:4To determine the scope of your park’s museum collection, you should: study the mission of the park as stated in its enabling legislation,presidential proclamation, executive order, or subsequent legislationthat may revise a park’s mission. determine what cultural evidence and scientific information is neededto document and support the park’s resource management andinterpretive programs. include archeological collections, certain natural history collections,and associated records that are mandated by law, regulation, and policyto be a part of the park’s museum collection.A Collections Advisory Committee is chaired by the curator or collectionsmanager and includes park staff who represent relevant disciplines(interpretation, natural resource management, archeology, and others).Committee members may also include subject matter specialists fromneighboring parks and/or the regional office. The roles of the committeemembers are to: determine which of the park’s missions and programs are relevant tomuseum collections determine which types of museum objects the park will maintain tosupport those missions, programs, and mandates draft a new or revised SOCS for the park review and make recommendations to the superintendent concerning allpotential additions by gift, purchase, transfer, exchange, and loan to themuseum collectionNPS Museum Handbook, Part I (2003)
review and make recommendations to the superintendent concerning allpotential deaccessions of objects determined to be outside the Scope ofCollection review and make recommendations to the superintendent concerning allpotential deaccessions of objects that involve voluntary destruction orabandonment6. Are parks required tohave a CollectionsAdvisory Committee?No, a Collections Advisory Committee is optional. However, you shouldconsider establishing one. A committee with good representation fromdifferent park divisions and across various disciplines will allow forenlightened discussions reflecting diverse viewpoints, and eliminate anyappearance of curatorial self-interest unduly influencing the park’sacquisitions policies. Most professional museums have a CollectionsAdvisory Committee. The guidance provided by this committee, combinedwith a well-written SOCS, should ensure that the museum collection isclearly relevant to your park’s mission.7. Who prepares andapproves a Scope ofCollection Statement?The curator, collections manager, or other park staff responsible for thecollection (ideally with the assistance of the Collections AdvisoryCommittee) prepares the Scope of Collection Statement. Be sure tocoordinate the development of your SOCS with your regional/SO curator,as s/he can provide help. Following review by appropriate park staff (suchas archeologists, interpreters, scientists, naturalists, historians, archivists,and other resource management staff) and your regional/SO curator, thesuperintendent approves the document.8. What is the distribution ofan approved Scope ofCollection Statement?The park or other NPS unit maintains the original approved Scope ofCollection Statement. A copy of the approved SOCS should be forwardedto the regional/SO curator.9. How often should I reviewand revise my park’sScope of CollectionStatement?Review your park’s Scope of Collection Statement at least every five years.Revise it whenever changed conditions clearly alter the mission of yourpark or when priorities in a specific collecting category have been met.Your superintendent must review and approve any changes made to theSOCS. See Appendix E, for a checklist that you can use to prepare orreview your park’s Scope of Collection Statement.10. What are the parts of aScope of CollectionStatement?Include the following sections in your Scope of Collection Statement:NPS Museum Handbook, Part I (2003) Title Page Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Types of Collections Museum Collections Subject to the Native American Graves Protectionand Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of 1990 Acquisition2:5
Uses of Collections Restrictions Management ActionsThe Introduction and Types of Collections sections are the most importantcomponents of the document. These two sections establish the purpose ofthe park’s museum collection and describe the types of objects that the parkwill collect. The information in these two sections ensures the collection’slogical growth while guarding against the acquisition of objects that are notclearly relevant to the park. See Appendix E, for an example of a Scope ofCollection Statement.11. What is the ExecutiveSummary (Scope ofCollection Summary)?The Executive Summary (or Scope of Collection Summary) is one or a fewparagraphs that summarize the park’s collections and highlight the mostsignificant aspects or individual items. The Executive Summary should belocated at the beginning of your Scope of Collection Statement. You alsomay wish to include this same information in a single stand-alone documentthat you can distribute to park staff, visitors, the press, and other interestedparties. Figure 2.1 includes an example Scope of Collection Summarydocument. This example is available in electronic format. Contact yourregional/SO curator to get an electronic copy to use as a template whenpreparing your park’s Scope of Collection Summary.12. When should I use theScope of CollectionSummary?Use the Scope of Collection Summary when you need a description of thecollection for: park planning documents entries in directories press releases web sites other publicationsYou can use the Scope of Collection Summary to update yourpark’s “Collection Summary” on “About Museum Collections” onInsideNPS. Go to http://inside.nps.gov/documents/museum andfollow the instructions under “Edit Park Data.”D. Writing the IntroductorySection of the Scope ofCollection Statement1.2:6What should I include onthe Title Page?Prepare a title page that spells out the full name of the park (for example,Zion National Park, Fort Clatsop National Memorial). The Title Page alsoserves as the review and approval page. See Appendix E, for the Scope ofCollection Statement Title Page format.NPS Museum Handbook, Part I (2003)
2. What should I include inthe Executive Summary?Prepare an Executive Summary that consists of one to a few paragraphs thatsuccinctly outlines the park’s collections and highlights the most significantaspects or individual items. The Executive Summary is a useful resourcefor providing concise collections information to park management, planningstaff, and others. You may wish to include this same information in a singlestand-alone document (or Scope of Collection Summary) that you candistribute to park staff, visitors, the press, and other interested parties (seeFigure 2.1). Use the Scope of Collection Summary when you need adescription of the collection for park planning documents, entries indirectories, press releases, public inquiries, web sites, or publications. TheScope of Collection Summary can also be made available via the web. SeeAppendix E, for the Scope of Collection Statement Executive Summaryformat.3. What should I include inthe Table of Contents?Prepare a Table of Contents that lists all of the sections and sub-sections ofthe SOCS with page numbers. See Appendix E, for the Scope of CollectionStatement Table of Contents format.4. How do I prepare theIntroduction?The Introduction defines the purpose of your park’s museum collection.Justify the collection’s significance and include pertinent elements from thepark’s enabling legislation, other mandates, mission statement, andapproved park planning documents. When writing your Introduction, youshould state the purpose of the park’s Scope of Collection Statement.Sample wording for this section is as follows:This Scope of Collection Statement defines the scope of present andfuture museum collection holdings of Lewis Mountains National Parkthat contribute directly to the understanding and interpretation of thepark’s purpose, themes, and resources, as well as those objects that theService is legally mandated to preserve. It is designed to ensure thatthe museum collection is clearly relevant to the park.5. What legal authoritiesshould I reference?NPS Museum Handbook, Part I (2003)Reference the legal authorities for the Service to acquire, document,preserve, and provide access to museum collections: Antiquities Act of 1906 (16 USC 431-433) Organic Act of 1916 (16 USC 1 et. seq.) Historic Sites Act of 1935 (16 USC 461-467) Management of Museum Properties Act of 1955, as amended (16 USC18f) Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960, as amended (16 USC 469-469C) National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (16 USC 470et seq.) Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974, as amended (16USC 469-469l-2) Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, as amended (16USC 470aa-mm)2:7
National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998 (16 USC 5901)See Appendix A for a summary of these laws.Sample wording for this section is as follows:The National Park Service’s (NPS) legal mandate for acquiring andpreserving museum collections is contained in the Antiquities Act of1906 (16 USC 431-433); the Organic Act of 1916 (16 USC 1 et. seq.);the Historic Sites Act of 1935 (16 USC 461-467); the Management ofMuseum Properties Act of 1955, as amended (16 USC 18f); theReservoir Salvage Act of 1960, as amended (16 USC 469-469c); theNational Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (16 USC 470et seq.); the Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974, asamended (16 USC 469-469l-2); the Archaeological ResourcesProtection Act of 1979, as amended (16 USC 470aa-mm); the NationalParks Omnibus Management Act of 1998 (16 USC 5901).6. What information should Iinclude about the park’smission?State the park’s mission. Cite the park’s enabling legislation and anyrelevant subsequent legislation. Include excerpts. If applicable, note thatthe legislation for the park requires the establishment and maintenance of amuseum collection. Be sure to mention any litigation or judgementsrelating to the collection as well.7. What information should Iinclude about the purposeof the collection?State the purpose of the park’s museum collection. A park’s museumcollection:8. What park documentsshould I reference? provides valuable information about processes, events, and interactionsamong cultures, individuals, and the environment places objects and specimens within a broader context, throughresearch, analysis, and documentary records provides for the greatest benefit and enjoyment by the public provides baseline data, serving as scientific and historicaldocumentation of the Service’s resources, and of the purpose for whichthe park was established may document important events or people in the nation’s history,technological processes, or artistic endeavorsRefer to your park’s General Management Plan (GMP) (in lieu of a GMP,refer to the park’s current Government Performance Results Act [GPRA]Strategic Plan), Resource Management Plan, Long-Range Interpretive Plan,Historic Furnishings Reports, Historic Structure Reports, exhibit planningdocuments, or other relevant planning documents in defining the purpose ofyour park’s museum collection.Study your park’s interpretive planning documents, and relate how themuseum collection supports the interpretive program. List the interpretivethemes and periods. If they exist, cite the park’s Long-Range InterpretivePlan and other interpretive plans. Include title(s) and approval date(s).2:8NPS Museum Handbook, Part I (2003)
Study your park’s resource management planning documents, and, whererelevant, state how the museum collection supports the park’s resourcemanagement program. List pertinent resource management goals andobjectives. If they exist, cite the park’s Resource Management Plan,Natural Resources Network Inventory and Monitoring Study Plan, FireManagement Plan, and other resource management plans. Include title(s)and approval date(s).9. What should I includeabout mandatedcollections?Identify mandated collections. The purpose for the park’s museumcollection also includes managing objects that the Service is mandated topreserve.43 CFR 7.13, “Custody of Archeological Resources,” and NPSManagement Policies (2001), mandate that archeological collections(including associated records) acquired as a result of systematicinvestigation within a park’s boundary must be managed intact as part ofthe park’s resources and, therefore, never can be outside a park’s approvedScope of Collection Statement.Certain natural history specimens that are not consumed in analysis and aredetermined to be appropriate for long-term preservation are included in aNPS museum collection in compliance with 36 CFR 2.5, “ResearchSpecimens.”Sample wording for this section is as follows:Archeological collections, except inalienable and communal property
Statement . 1. is a Scope of Collection Statement? 2. Does . every park require a Scope of Collection Statement? 3. Why does . my park need a Scope of Collection Statement? A Scope of Collection Statement
Part One: Heir of Ash Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 .
TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD. Contents Dedication Epigraph Part One Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Part Two Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18. Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26
Seamus Heaney HomePlace, Ireland Liu Hai Su Art Museum, China Southend Museums Service, UK Cornwall Regimental Museum, UK Helston Museum, UK Worthing Museum & Art Gallery, UK Ringve Music Museum, Norway Contents The Lapworth Museum Redevelopment Project - page 4
DEDICATION PART ONE Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 PART TWO Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 .
Chapter 5 Project Scope Management Chapter 5 Project Scope Management 5.1 Plan Scope Management 5.1 Colect Requirements 5.2 Collect Requirements 5.2 Define Scope 5.3 Define Scope 5.3 Create WBS 5.4 Create WBS 5.4 Verify Scope 5.5 Validate Scope 5.5 Control Scope 5.6 Control Scope PMBOK 5th Edition
Museum of Art, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington Museum of Art and Archaeology, Columbia, Missouri Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale, Fort Lauderdale, Florida Museum of Arts & Design, New York, New York Museum of Arts and Sciences, Daytona Beach, Florida Museum
About the husband’s secret. Dedication Epigraph Pandora Monday Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five Tuesday Chapter Six Chapter Seven. Chapter Eight Chapter Nine Chapter Ten Chapter Eleven Chapter Twelve Chapter Thirteen Chapter Fourteen Chapter Fifteen Chapter Sixteen Chapter Seventeen Chapter Eighteen
18.4 35 18.5 35 I Solutions to Applying the Concepts Questions II Answers to End-of-chapter Conceptual Questions Chapter 1 37 Chapter 2 38 Chapter 3 39 Chapter 4 40 Chapter 5 43 Chapter 6 45 Chapter 7 46 Chapter 8 47 Chapter 9 50 Chapter 10 52 Chapter 11 55 Chapter 12 56 Chapter 13 57 Chapter 14 61 Chapter 15 62 Chapter 16 63 Chapter 17 65 .
