UNECE
MobilityManagementA guide of international bestpractices
ContentsChapter 1: Introduction . 3Chapter 2: Setting the Scene . 4Target groups . 5Levels of implementation . 5Benefits . 5Mobility Management programmes and measures . 6Areas of interests . 6Geographical Scope . 6Chapter 3: Mobility Management Best Practices . 8Study methodology . 8Best Practices . 93.1 Home-Work Mobility . 93.2 Home-School Mobility . 253.3 Mobility Management for Major Events . 333.4 Sustainable Urban Logistics . 383.5 Parking Management . 443.6 Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans . 493.7 Communication and information. 563.8 Demand Responsive Transport . 59Chapter 4: Lessons Learnt . 63Existence of alternatives to the car . 63“Push” and “Pull” measures. 63Know the target group . 63Stakeholder involvement . 64Long-term approach (commitment and integration with other sectors and programmes) . 64Raising awareness and communication . 65Make it fun and rewarding. 65References . 66Annex 1: Online Resources . 73Mobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 1 of 74
Photo credit: iStock unless otherwise stated in the documentMobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 2 of 74
Chapter 1: IntroductionThe present guide explores the subject of Mobility Management and provides a selection of BestPractices from around the world. Its aim is to offer concrete examples of how managed mobilityschemes can improve the urban transport environment and, thus, inspire companies, cities and allinterested bodies in the planning and implementation of such schemes.The guide is composed by three main parts:1) an introduction to Mobility Management that introduces the practice and provides anunderstanding of its objectives, benefits, levels of implementation, etc. (Chapter 2);2) a selection of Best Practices on different Mobility Management measures (Chapter 3);3) an analysis of the key lessons stemming from the Best Practices that can significantlyinfluence the implementation and success of Mobility Management measures (Chapter 4).A list of links with useful online information and resources closes the guide and provides additionalmaterial to those who wish to further explore the subject.Mobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 3 of 74
Chapter 2: Setting the SceneContrary to conventional transport managementpractices, Mobility Management (also referred toas Travel Demand Management) is a demandorientated approach that aims to enhancemobility and improve accessibility while tacklingurban transport related problems such ascongestion, poor air quality, loss of public spaceand energy consumption.More specifically, Mobility Management (MM)focuses on changing the travel behaviour ofpeople towards more sustainable modes oftransport through the promotion andimplementation of a diverse set of “soft”measures, including organisation of services,application of incentives and disincentives,information and communication.There are three characteristics that make MM anappealing and effective approach for dealingwith mobility issues:DEFINITIONSMobility ManagementMobility Management (MM) is a concept topromote sustainable transport and manage thedemand for car use by changing travellers’attitudes and behaviour. (EPOMM)Travel Demand ManagementTransportation Demand Management or TDMrefers to various strategies that change travelbehavior (how, when and where people travel) inorder to increase transport system efficiency andachieve specific planning objectives. (VictoriaTransport Policy Institute, 2014)Objectives of Mobility Management Encourage change of attitude andbehaviour towards sustainable modes oftransportImprove accessibility for all people andorganisationsSatisfy mobility needs by a more efficientand integrated use of (existing)infrastructureReduce traffic (growth) by limiting thenumber, length and need of motorisedvehicle tripsImprove co-operation between transportmodesIncrease the efficiency of the entiretransport system1. Taylor made solutions: MM is a flexible approach, it allows to choose from avariety of mobility measures according to the needs, challenges and scale ofapplication, and therefore it can beadapted and modified to each case accordingly. In addition, it includesevaluation and user feedback, which allows for further adjusting of themeasures applied in order to obtain the(MOMENTUM/MOSAIC, 2000)“perfect fit”.2. Low cost: as it was mentioned earlier MM is based on the implementation and promotion of“soft” measures, which in comparison to “hard” ones (e.g. road infrastructure) tend torequire low financial resources and are highly cost effective.3. Short to medium term impacts: anotherSoft vs Hard Measuresadvantage of “soft” measures is that theySoft measuresHard measurescan be implemented quickly and thus theirLower level of investmentHigher level of investmentneededneededimpacts can be visible within a short toShort-term implementationMedium to long termmedium period (6 months – 2 years) fromimplementationdecision making.More easily reversibleMore difficult and costly toreverseTable adapted from European Parliament (2010)Mobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 4 of 74
Target groupsMM could target different groups of the population depending on the level of implementation butmost importantly on its objectives. This breakdown of the population in groups is usually based onone or more of the following aspects: socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. young people, families);socio-economic characteristics (e.g. low-income population);trip purpose (e.g. commuters, students, shoppers, tourists);geographical areas (e.g. residents of certain areas, employees of specific industrial zones);timing (e.g. residents that have just relocated, newly-hired employees).The identification of the group to which MM is targeted is of great significance for its success. Thetarget group will determine the type and characteristics of the MM measures employed as they willhave to meet its mobility challenges and needs.Levels of implementationAnother important aspect of Mobility Management that should be highlighted is its ability to beimplemented at different scales. In particular, two different levels are identified, (1) urban /regional level and (2) site level, that share the same objectives but can differ in the followingaspects (MOMENTUM/MOSAIC, 2000): promoters of MM (e.g. local administration / area mobility manager vs. site mobilitymanager);organisation and procedures;target groups (e.g. entire local population or a specific segment vs. site users such asemployees, students, visitors).BenefitsIn the past decades MM has been increasingly embraced by both the public and private sector,which is highly justified considering the numerous potential benefits it can generate: reduction of air pollution and thus better air quality with a positive impact on humanhealth;reduction of energy consumption;reduction of noise;less congestion resulting in a reduction of air pollution and time wasted in traffic as well asless stress;greater variety of transport solutions resulting in better accessibility;more efficient use of the existing transport infrastructure resulting in less public spendingon unnecessary infrastructure;reduction of the overall number of trips;more free public space due to the reduction of the number of cars;more efficient land use management;less accidents and better safety especially for the more vulnerable categories, e.g.pedestrians and cyclists;Mobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 5 of 74
cost savings for local authorities, private companies and individuals;healthier life styles and less stress thanks to more active modes of transport;improvement of the overall quality of life.Mobility Management programmes and measuresMobility Management programmes and measures can be divided in categories according to theircharacteristics, e.g. target group/s, objective, mode of transport promoted etc.Mobility Management programmes target a specific type of trip or a geographic area and theyinclude a diversity of measures in order to promote sustainable modes of transport. The mostimportant categories include: home-work: the main target are systematic trips of employees towards a company or anindustrial/business zone, whereas visitors are a secondary target group;home-school: the target are students (and often parents of very young children) and the aimis to promote the use of sustainable modes of transport to and from schools;major events: as opposed to the previous two categories, the target here are nonsystematic trips carried out towards a specific geographic area due to an event, e.g. concert,sports event, international expo, etc.Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) could also be considered here. They are strategic planstargeting trips carried out in an entire city and its surrounding areas with the aim to facilitate andpromote a shift from cars to more sustainable modes of transport.Mobility Management measures on the other hand tend to facilitate and promote a specific modeof transport (e.g. walking, cycling, public transport, carpooling etc.) or focus on a specific type ofpractice that contributes to sustainable mobility (e.g. parking management, communication andinformation).Areas of interestsThe present guide focuses on the certain Mobility Management programmes and measures aimingto provide a taste of the possibilities in the field. More specifically, considering the importance ofcertain programmes and measures and the work being carried out within UNECE in parallel to thepresent guide, the following topics are covered: home-workhome-schoolmajor eventsSUMPsdemand responsive transportparking managementsustainable urban deliveriescommunication and information.Geographical ScopeIn addition, attention was taken to include best practices from a variety of countries as oftenmobility management practices may differ from country to country. In this way the reader isMobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 6 of 74
provided with a selection of different approaches on the same subject allowing him/her to beinspired by those most suited to his/her case.Mobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 7 of 74
Chapter 3: Mobility Management Best PracticesStudy methodologyA - Desktop Study The best practices presented in this Chapter were collected through a desktopstudy that examined a number of mobility management programmes and measures implemented indifferent countries around the world.B - Interviews with key actors - In addition, for certain best practices further data was obtainedthrough telephone interviews with the people responsible for their development andimplementation.Three main criteria were used for the selection of the examples included in the guide:1. Duration in time: particular attention was given to the sustainability over time of the bestpractices selected as it is an important factor for guaranteeing significant and long-termresults.2. Element of innovation: innovation both in the methodology used and the measuresimplemented was also considered important as it has the potential to inspire and encouragereaders to think out of the box in order to achieve their sustainable mobility targets.3. Results obtained: both quantitative (e.g. modal shift) and non-quantitative (e.g.development of a SUMP) were also deemed to be fundamental as they are an importantindicator of the effectiveness of the programmes/measures.Therefore, the best practices presented in the guide meet at least one of these criteria and in idealcases they meet two or all three.In total, 22 best practices covering 8 different types of mobility measures were collected, from 17countries.Types of Programmes and Measures CoveredHome-work mobilityHome-school mobilityMajor eventsSustainable urban deliveriesParking managementSustainable Urban Mobility PlansDemand responsive transportCommunication and informationCountries (No. of best practices)Austria (1)Belgium (1)Bulgaria (1)Canada (1)Estonia (1)France (1)Germany (1 - plus sharing a best practicewith The Netherlands)Italy (2)Lichtenstein (1)Russia (1)Serbia (1)Spain (1)Sweden (1)Switzerland (3)The Netherlands (1 - plus sharing a bestpractice with Germany)UK (2)USA (1)Mobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 8 of 74
Best Practices3.1 Home-Work MobilityGreen Way – Infineon’s Mobility Management Programme (Villach, Austria)50% of employees travel to work with sustainable modes of transportHow a Company in Austria, manages to achieve a strong modal shift using a motivatedMobility Management Team, which focusses regularly on mobility and has a clearcompany mandate.Company: Infineon Technologies Austria AGNo. of people working at the Villach site: more than5000 people work at the site (daily peak 14h) – nr ofpeople simultaneously present at the site, around 3200Sector: semiconductorLocation: outskirts of VillachCountry: AustriaImplementation body: Infineon Technologies AustriaAG – Mobility Team of 8 employees from variousdepartments and varying from senior managers toshop-floor employees. The team is led by thecompany’s mobility manager.Level of implementation: site specific with a positiveimpact for the local community in generalTopic: company mobility managementTarget group/s: Company employeesStakeholders involved: a variety of stakeholdersincludingPhoto credit: Infineon Technologies Austria AG Company board Employees City administration Regional government Public transport operator Tourism union / city and region marketing Companies in the areaIntroductionIn 2016 Infineon Technologies Austria AG launched the mobility management initiative “Green Way”in order to promote sustainable mobility and reduce the company’s negative environmental impactsfrom employees’ home-work trips. A mobility survey and an analysis of the employee’s residentiallocation was carried out at the beginning of the project that provided useful insight on the mobilityhabits for home-work trip (Wukovitsch, 2018):Mobility Management: a best practice guide22/05/2019iMpronta di Massimo InfuntiLoc Ciocchini 18 – 12060 – Novello (CN) – Italyhttps://impronta48.it - email: info@impronta48.itp.iva 08616850015 – Tel 39 0173 731402Page 9 of 74
65% of the employees travelled to work by car due to inadequate public transportconnections, long commuting distances, shorter travel times, perceived lack of alternatives;only 25% of the employees live within a radius of 5km from the company, around 50% liveswithin a 10km radius and more than 20% over 30km away;a considerable number of employees were willing to carry out at least part of their homework journey by bike.This information formed the basis for the development of the “Green Way” measures.Objectives Create attractive and sustainable alternatives to single occupancy home-work car trips thatare available all year round. Reduce the CO2 emissions from home-work trips and comply with the Company’scommitment to sustainable growth.Measures implementedMobility management at Infineon is a dynamic activity that evolves through the years in order tobetter meet the needs of the employees. In fact, the Mobility Team has regular meetings (onceevery two weeks) in order to discuss the development and implementation of mobility measures.Mobility measures that have been implemented in order to facilitate and promote sustainablemobility include: Public transport:o improvement of the public transport connections: since September 2017, there aretwo bus connections between the company and Villach’s city centre with a 15m
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TRAINING MODULE “INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS” ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This training module “Introduction to public-private partnerships” is a part of the UNECE Toolkit on “How to do PPPs”. At the first session of the UNECE Team of Specialists on Public-Private
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The UNECE is one of five United Nations regional commissions whose objective is to pursue sustainable development, regional co-operation and economic integration. The UNECE fosters international regulatory co-operation in a large number of areas,
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Com3 and UNECE Workshop on informal settlements (“Spatial Information Management: Towards Legalizing Informal Urban Development, 2007). The papers presented at the workshop were used for highlighting the different approaches in the region. UNECE publication: Self-Made Cities
The United Nations appointed the Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in 2007, to compile a report on Self-Made Cities: In Search of Sustainable Solutions for Informal Settlements (UNECE, 2009). The task assigned to the commission was to deliberate on informality with regard to the importance of learning from the Global South. Upon
