Design And Analysis Of Cylinder Fins - IJERT
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 1, January - 2014Design and Analysis of Cylinder FinsR. Suresh1, K. Lalith narayan 2, Ch. Lakshmi Poornima31SIR .C.R.Reddy College Of Engineering , Eluru.2Professor in ME Department,SIR .C.R. Reddy College Of Engineering , Eluru, A.P3Assistant Professor, in ME Department,SIR . C.R. Reddy College Of Engineering , Eluru, A.P.Abstract1. Introduction1.1: Cooling System For I.C. EnginesInternal combustion engines at best can transformabout 25 to 35 percentage of the chemical energy in thefuel in to mechanical energy. About 35 percentage ofthe heat generated is lost in to the surroundings ofcombustion space, remainder being dissipated throughexhaust’ and radiation from the engine. Thetemperature of the burning gases in the engine cylinderis about 2000 to 2500 C. The engine components likecylinder head, cylinder wall piston and the valve absorbthis heat. Such high temperatures are objectionable forvarious reasons state below.IJERTThe Engine cylinder is one of the majorautomobile components, which is subjected to hightemperature variations and thermal stresses. In orderto cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the cylinder toincrease the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermalanalysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful toknow the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. Theprinciple implemented in this project is to increase theheat dissipation rate by using the invisible workingfluid, nothing but air. We know that, by increasing thesurface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate,so designing such a large complex engine is verydifficult. The main purpose of using these cooling finsis to cool the engine cylinder by any airA parametricmodel of piston bore fins has been developed to predictthe transient thermal behavior. The parametric modelis created in 3D modeling software Pro/Engineer.Thermal analysis is done on the fins to determinevariation temperature distribution over time. Theanalysis is done using ANSYS. Analysis is conducted byvarying material.Presently Material used for manufacturing finbody is Cast Iron. In this thesis, it is replaced byaluminum alloy. Transient thermal analysis is forabove two materials to validate the better material forfin body. The die is prepared by first modeling the part,extracting core & cavity and generating CNC program.Die is designed in this thesis according to HASCOStandards.1) Engine valves warp (twist) due to over heating.2) Damage to the materials of cylinder body andpiston.3)Lubricating oil decomposes to form gummy andcarbon particles.4)Thermal stresses are set up in the engine parts andcauses distortion (twist or change shape) and crackingof components.5)Pre – ignition occurs (i.e. ignition occurs before it isrequired to igniter due to the overheating of spark plug.6) Reduces the strength of the materials used for pistonand piston rings.Keywords— Designing; Analysis;Machining; Casting.IJERTV3IS10740Necessity for Engine Coolingwww.ijert.org2568
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 1, January - 20147)Overheating also reduces the efficiency of the engine.To avoid the above difficulties, some form of cooling isprovided to keep the temperature of engine at thedesired level. It should be noted that if the enginebecomes every cool the efficiency reduces, becausestarting the engine from cold requires more fuel.1.2 Investigation plan :I.3. Design of cylinder fin body:In this a cylinder fin body for Passion Plus 100ccmotorcycle is modeled using parametric softwarePro/Engineer. The thickness of the original model is3mm, in this thesis it is reduced to 2.5mm.2.1 Original fin body design:IJERTII.Present used material for cylinder fin body isCast Iron. In this thesis it is replaced withAluminum Alloy 6082.Thermal analysis is done on the fin body byvarying the materials to determine the thermalbehavior. The present thickness of fin body is3mm. In this thesis, thickness is reduced to2.5mm. Thermal analysis is used to determinethe better material for cylinder fin body.used for heavy-duty forgings, air craft fittings and truckframes.Presently Material used for manufacturing finbody is Cast Iron. In this thesis, it is replaced byaluminum alloy. Transient thermal analysis is for abovetwo materials to validate the better material for finbody. Die is designed in this thesis according toHASCO Standards. Total die components and itscomplete detailed drawings, material selection for eachcomponent, manufacturing processes for eachcomponent are also included.Fig 1: 3mm thickness fin body2.2 Modification of fin body:2. Dissimilar MaterialsCast iron is the material used for the currentinvestigation. The major constituents of this alloyingmaterial are 05-0.20%,Si-1.0-3.0%and S-0.0250.150%. Material Aluminum alloy 6082 is also used forthe current investigation. The major constituents of thisalloying material are 2%,Mn-0.40-1.0%,Si-0.71.3%,Ti-0.10% and Zn-0.20% This is one of the mostwidely used wrought aluminium alloy. AA6082 has theultimate tensile strength of 130 MPa, yield strength of60MPa, Shear strength of 85 Mpa , Vickers hardness of35 and percentage elongation of 27%. This alloy isIJERTV3IS10740www.ijert.orgFig 1: 2.5mm thickness fin body2569
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 1, January - 20144. Experimental ProcedureA. tures and other thermal quantities thatvary over time. The variation of temperaturedistribution over time is of interest in manyapplications such as with cooling.Build GeometryConstruct a two or three dimensional representation ofthe object to be modeled and tested using the workplane coordinate system within ANSYS.Fig. 3 Meshed model for 3mm thickness bodyDefine Material PropertiesB. Cast iron analysisGenerate MeshIJERTNow that the part exists, define a library of thenecessary materials that compose the object (or project)being modeled. This includes thermal and mechanicalproperties.At this point ANSYS understands the makeup of thepart. Now define how the modeled system should bebroken down into finite pieces.Apply LoadsOnce the system is fully designed, the last task is toburden the system with constraints, such as physicalloadings or boundary conditions.Fig. 4 Nodal TemperatureObtain SolutionThis is actually a step, because ANSYS needs tounderstand within what state (steady state, transient etc.) the problem must be solved.IJERTV3IS10740www.ijert.org2570
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 1, January - 2014Fig 8. Thermal Gradient SumIJERTFig 5. Thermal Gradient SumFig. 6. Thermal FluxFig 9. Thermal FluxC. Aluminium analysisFig 7. Nodal TemperatureIJERTV3IS10740Fig 10. Meshed for 2.5mm thickness fin bodywww.ijert.org2571
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 1, January - 2014Fig 11.Nodal Temperature for cast ironIJERTFig 14. Nodal Temperature for AA6082Fig 12. Thermal Gradient Sum For Cast IronFig 15. Thermal Gradient Sum For AA6082Fig 13. Thermal Flux For Cast IronIJERTV3IS10740FIG 17. Thermal Flux For AA6082www.ijert.org2572
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 1, January - 2014the model, showing a full field picture similar to that ofphoto elastic or moiré experimental results.5. Results And DiscussionsFEA has become a solution to the task of predictingfailure due to unknown stresses by showing problemareas in a material and allowing designers to see all ofthe theoretical stresses within. This method of productdesign and testing is far superior to the manufacturingcosts which would accrue if each sample was actuallybuiltandtested.In practice, a finite element analysis usually consists ofthree principal steps:Material propertiesCastironAluminium alloy 6082Thermal(w/mm)0.05180Specific heat (J/kg ºC)5000.963Density (g/cc)7.12.7550550Film coefficient (w/m2K) 39.939.9Bulk temperature (K)283b) Analysis: The dataset prepared by the preprocessoris used as input to the finite elementcode itself, whichconstructs and solves a system of linear or nonlinearalgebraic equationsKijuj fiwhere u and f are the displacements andexternally applied forces at the nodal points. Theformation of the K matrix is dependent on the type ofproblem being attacked, and this module will outlinethe approach for truss and linear elastic stress analyses.Commercial codes may have very large elementlibraries, with elements appropriate to a wide range ofproblem types.c) Postprocessing: In the earlier days of finite elementanalysis, the user would pore through reams ofnumbers generated by the code, listing displacementsand stresses at discrete positions within the model. It iseasy to miss important trends and hot spots this way,and modern codes use graphical displays to assist invisualizing the results. A typical postprocessor displayoverlays colored contours representing stress levels erature (K)IJERTa) Preprocessing: The user constructs a model of thepart to be analyzed in which the geometry is dividedinto a number of discrete sub regions, or elements,"connected at discrete points called nodes." Certain ofthese nodes will have fixed displacements, and otherswill have prescribed loads. These models can beextremely time consuming to prepare, and commercialcodes vie with one another to have the most userfriendly graphical “preprocessor" to assist in this rathertedious chore. Some of these preprocessors can overlaya mesh on a preexisting CAD file, so that finite elementanalysis can be done conveniently as part of thecomputerized drafting-and-design process.After the solution has been obtained, there are manyways to present ANSYS’ results, choose from manyoptions such as tables, graphs, and contour plots.283Table 1. Material properties and loadsFor 3mm &2.5mm thickness Fin bodyCast iron,3mmAluminiumalloy6082,2.mmWeight (Kg)2.530.8936Nodaltemperature K)550550Thermalgradient able 2 .Experimental results.2573
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 1, January - 20147.Investigation into the Free Air-Cooling of AirCooled Cylinders, SAE Paper 2003-32-0034,(2003).ConclusionsThe following conclusions can be drawn from thepresent work:-ii.iii.In this thesis, a cylinder fin body for PassionPlus 100cc motorcycle is modelled usingparametric software Pro/Engineer. Thethickness of the original model is 3mm, in thisthesis it is reduced to 2.5mm.Present used material for fin body is Cast Iron.In this thesis, thermal analysis is done for allthe two materials Cast Iron and Aluminumalloy 6082. The material for the originalmodel is changed by taking the considerationof their densities and thermal conductivity.Density is less for Aluminum alloy 6082compared with other two materials so weightof fin body is less using Aluminum alloy6082.IJERTi.By observing the thermal analysis results,thermal flux is more for Aluminum alloy thanother two materials and also by usingAluminum alloy its weight is less, so usingAluminum alloy 6082 is better. And also byreducing the thickness of the fin, the heattransfer rate is increased.[8].Nabemoto, A. and Chiba, T., Flow over FinSurfaces of Fin Tubes, Bulletin of the Faculty ofEngineering, Hiroshima University, (in Japanese),Vol.33, No.2 (1985), pp.117–125.[9] Nabemoto, A., Heat Transfer on a Fin of FinTube, Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering,Hiroshima University, (in Japanese), Vol.33, No.2(1985), pp.127–136.[10].Fundamentals of Die Casting Design byGenick Bar-Meir.[11]Lindgren, M. “An improved model for thelongitudinal peak strain in the flange of a rollformed U-channel developed by FE-analysis”, SteelResearch International 2007b, 78 (1), 82–87.[12]Babakhani, A.; Kiani-Rashid, A.R.; Ziaei, S.M. R. “The Microstructure and MechanicalProperties of Hot Forged Vanadium MicroalloyedSteel”, Materials and Manufacturing process 2012,27 (2), 135-139.Jiang, Li.; Fuguo, Li.; Fengmei,Xue.; Jun, Cai.; Bo, Chen.”Micromechanicalbehavior study of forged 7050 aluminum alloy bymicroindentation”, Materials & Design 2012, 37,491-499.[13].Mohan-Raj,A.P.; Selvakumar,N.“Deformation behavior of Sintered Fe-C-MnComposite During Cold Upset forming, Materialsand Manufacturing Processes” 2011, 26 (6) 13881392.8. References[1]. Thermal Engineering by Rudramoorthy[2].Thermal Engineering by R.K. Rajput[3].Gibson, A.H., The Air Cooling of PetrolEngines, Proceedings of the Institute of AutomobileEngineers, Vol.XIV (1920), pp.243–275.[4].Biermann, A.E. and Pinkel, B., Heat Transferfrom Finned Metal Cylinders in an Air Stream,NACA Report No.488 (1935).[5].Thornhill, D. and May, A., An ExperimentalInvestigation into the Cooling of Finned MetalCylinders, in a Free Air Stream, SAE Paper 199901-3307, (1999).[6].Thornhill, D., Graham, A., Cunnigham, 0[7].Pai, B.U., Samaga, B.S. and Mahadevan, K.,Some Experimental Studies of Heat Transfer fromFinned Cylinders of Air-Cooled I.C. Engines, 4thNational Heat Mass Transfer Conference, (1977),pp.137–144.www.ijert.org[14]Sumathi, M.; Selvakumar, N; Dr. Eswarvasu.p“Investigation of Cu-SiC Composite PreformsduringCold Upsetting”,MaterialsandManufacturing Processes 2011 26 (6) 826-831.[15]Jiang, Li.; Fuguo, Li.; Fengmei, Xue.; Jun,Cai.; Bo, Chen. “Micromechanical behavior �, Materials & Design 2012 37491-499.[16].Narayanasamy, R.; Pandey, K.S.; “Salientfeatures in the cold upset forming of sintered2574
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 1, January - 2014aluminium-3.5 percent alumina powder compositeperforms”. Journal of materials processingtechnology 1997, 72, 201-207.BiographyR.Suresh was born in Pamaru inIndia, on july 15, 1989. He wasgraduated from D.M.S S.V.H Collegeof Engineering, Guntur in 2010 andstudent of M.E MACHINE DESIGN atSIR C.R Reddy Engg College, eluruIndia. His areas of interest are Design,Casting, related topics.IJERTDr.K.Lalithnarayana is M.Tech fromJUTU HYDERABAD. He completedhis P.hd from JNTU KAKINADA. Heis presently working as professor atSIR C.R Reddy Engg College, Eluru,His areas of interest are Design,Manufacturing and related topics.IJERTV3IS10740www.ijert.org2575
Thermal analysis is done on the fins to determine . variation temperature distribution over time. The . analysis is done using ANSYS. Analysis is conducted by . varying material. Presently Material used for manufacturing fin . body is Cast Iro. n. In this thesis, it is replaced by . aluminum alloy. Transient thermal analysis is for
The scheme of the hydraulic cylinder is shown in Fig. 1a. The hydraulic cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel, in which a piston connected to a piston rod moves back and forth. The barrel is closed on each end by the cylinder bottom (also called the cap end) and by the cylinder head where the piston rod comes out of the cylinder.
Hydraulic Cylinder Diagnostics 10 1 AG,HX00517,18 -19-06AUG99-1/1 Hydraulic Cylinder Diagnostics - - -1/1 Hydraulic Cylinder Drift Diagnostics - - -1/1 1 Cylinder Identification Is the cylinder you are working with a rephasing cylinder? YES: GO TO 4 NO: GO TO 2 - - -1/1 2 Preparing Cylinder for Testing
oil between the pump and the cylinder. 2. Remove air from the cylinder as shown below. Single-acting cylinders: Position the cylinder so that the plunger is pointed down and the cylinder lower than the pump. Fully extend and retract the cylinder 2 or 3 times. Double-acting cylinders: Lay the cylin
Cylinder: The seamless cylinder is manufactured ac-cording to the requirements of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and/or Transport Canada for compressed gas. The cylinder is designed for mount-ing in a vertical position only. The cylinder assembly is composed of a cylinder, dip tube, and cylinder
Cylinder Block and Covers (continued) REF TORQUE. NO. QTY. DESCRIPTION lb. in. lb. ft. N·m 1 CYLINDER BLOCK (6) 1 1 CYLINDER BLOCK (8) 1 CYLINDER BLOCK (9.9/15) 2 2 DOWEL PIN–cylinder block 3 2 STUD–carburetor 4 1 CHECK VALVE–bleed hose 5 1 HOSE–bleed (2-1/2 IN.) 6 2 STUD–cylinder block
24-569 Primus UL437 Listed high security cylinder 20-569-XP Primus XP UL437 Listed high security cylinder Deadbolt Cylinders for S200-Series Number Description 22-001 5-Pin C, CE, E, F cylinders only 22-002 6-Pin conventional cylinder 20-729 Primus cylinder 20-729-XP Primus XP cylinder 20-529 Primus UL437 Listed high security cylinder
An inline four-cylinder engine has cylinders labeled 1 through 4 from left to right. For example, this is the cylinder numbering for a Suzuki GSXR-1000. This V-twin with a transverse crankshaft has the rear cylinder labeled as the number 1 cylinder, and the front cylinder identified as the number two cylinder.
70T-2 Series Double-acting 2 Stages Telesscopic Cylinder - TTC-1 Series Single-acting Uniform Type 2 Stage Telescopic Cylinder-Position Detecting Hydraulic Cylinder Hydraulic Cylinder witd high accuracy positioning detecting sensor. Telesscopic Hydraulic Cylinder Telescopic cylinder w
