Alysis Of SMR Thermal An Augmentation With CHP Turbine Exhaust
Analysis of SMR ThermalAugmentation with CHPTurbine ExhaustMichael PenevAugust 21, 2013NREL/PR-5400-66836NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Relevant Characteristics of Typical CHP TurbineAir intakeSolar Turbines Taurus 60 5.74 MWExhaust: Temperature: 510 C (950 F)Mass flow: 171,690 lb/hBack-pressure allowance:sufficient for steam generatorheat exchanger (inches watercolumn)Oxygen content: 15 vol%Sources: “Technology Characterization: Gas Turbines”, Energy and Environmental Analysis, Prepared for: Environmental Protection Agency, 2008 Solar turbines performance specifications: Taurus 60, 5.74 MW turbine R. Pravi, G. Moore, “Gas Turbine Emissions and Control”, GE Power Systems, March, 2001, GER-42112
Typical SMR System ConfigurationSources: R. Elshout, “Hydrogen Production By Steam Reforming”, Chemical Engineering www.che.com, May 2010 issue, page 343
Typical SMR System ConfigurationNote: Internal pressure issub-atmospheric.Sources: R. Elshout, “Hydrogen Production By Steam Reforming”, Chemical Engineering www.che.com, May 2010 issue, page 344
Modeling of Typical SMR SystemNREL replicated typical SMRmodel, using ASPEN 51185.530STM-HTSGEN014EXHAUST37-0Temp eratu re (C)Pressu re (psig)RAFF-01Du ty (Watt)Power(k W )Efficiency: 76.3% LHV (without utilities)Production scale: 1,000 kg/dayKey observations:- high quality heat drives gas consumption for process heat- low quality heat exceeds steam generation demand- gas consumption reduction can be achieved by high quality heat 880 CProcess conditions source:Nexant Inc., “Equipment Design and Cost Estimation for Small Modular Biomass Systems, Synthesis Gas Cleanup, and Oxygen Separation Equipment”, May 20065
Integration ConceptCHP Exhaust15%O2510 C SMR combustion air intake is manifolded to accept CHP exhaust Fuel is combusted into CHP exhaust to increase heat quality adiabatic flame temperature 1470 C Hand-off pressure ambient (consistent with SMR construction)6
PraxAir Patent US 7043923 B2, May 16, 200677
SMR Model in ASPEN GEN01EXHAUST37-0Temp eratu re (C)Pressu re (psig)RAFF-01Du ty (Watt)Combustion oxidantcan be either fresh airor CHP exhaust-051185.530STM-HTPower(k W )Operating conditions examined: Reactor outlet temperature 815 C, 880 C PSA hydrogen recovery extent: 90%, 97%Performance metrics: Natural gas consumption (process & combustor) Low quality heat impact Hydrogen production impact8
Performance SummarySMR ConfigurationUnitsBaselineCHP SMR CHP SMR CHP SMR CHP SMRConfig. A Config. B Config. C Config. DSMR-out temperaturePSA H2 recovery %High quality heat requirementSteam generation heat requiredLow quality heat available (steam generation)Methane used in production streamRafinate used in combustion streamFresh methane used in combustion streamTotal methane use CmmBTU %83.0%8.1%82.5%7.5%Feedstock use efficiency(excluding CHP heat & electricity)Feedstock use efficiency(excluding CHP heat & electricity)Total CH4 consumption U HHV/kgH2mmBTU HHV/kgH2mmBTU HHV/kgH2Initial indication shows as much as 8% fuel consumption reduction.Integration ratio: 1 MW CHP can augment 14,000 kg/day SMR99
Supply Chain Models ExaminedCentralProductionDelivery trucksH2 dispensingCentral buted SMRH2 dispensingSemi-Central SMR H2 dispensingH2 dispensingH2 dispensing10Distribution pipe ( 2 miles/station,0.7 inch ID)10
H2A Analysis, Current Technology, Central SMR BasisCaseProduction Capacity (kg/day)Per-Station Dispensing Capacity (kg/day)CentralCentralSMRCHP P SMR1,5001,5001,5001,500Semi-Central Semi-CentralSMRCHP SMR4,5004,5001,5001,500Production Costs ( /kg)Capital CostsFixed O&MFeedstock CostsOther Variable Costs (including utilities)Total 0.320.061.230.071.70 0.320.061.130.071.59 0.580.191.140.112.03 0.570.191.050.111.93 0.420.131.140.111.81 0.420.131.050.111.72Delivery Costs ( /kg)Delivery Cost to Station 2.50 2.50 - - 0.08 0.08Dispensing Costs ( /kg)Compression Storage & Dispensing 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46Total Cost 6.666.56 4.494.40 4.354.26 H2A Production Model values are used for production and CSD costs (N’th plant assumption in effect)ANL input was used for truck delivery costsH2A Components Model values were used for pipeline costs (2 miles, 0.7 inch ID pipeline11 per station) 11
H2A Analysis, Current Technology, Central SMR Basis 8Cost of dispensed hydrogen /kg 7Cost of Hydrogen by ScenarioProduction Capital Costs 6.66 6.56Production Fixed O&M 6 4.49 5 4.40 4.35 4.26 4Production Other RawMaterial Costs 3Delivery Cost to Station 2 1Compression Storage &Dispensing Cost CentralSMR Production FeedstockCostsCentralCHP SMRForecourtSMRForecourtCHP SMRSemi-Central Semi-CentralSMRCHP SMRH2A Production Model values are used for production and CSD costs (N’th plant assumption in effect)ANL input was used for truck delivery costsH2A Components Model values were used for pipeline costs (2 miles, 0.7 inch ID pipeline12 per station)12
H2A Analysis: Benefit of Semi-Central SMR Architecture(Preliminary Results without CHP augmentation)This image cannot currently be displayed. Economies of scale benefits to SMR cost of pipelineH2A Production Model values are used for production and CSD costs (N’th plant assumption in effect)H2A Components Model values were used for pipeline costs (2 miles, 0.7 inch ID pipeline13 per station)13
Discussion10 /kg is not trivial – it is in the order of magnitude of investor rate of return8% fuel reduction 8% reduction in GHG emissionsH2 can be distributed to nearby fueling stations (lowest cost delivery method)- Less delivery GHG emissions & trucks on the road- Semi-central SMR can get lower cost Natural Gas(industrial vs. commercial)Leverage of economies of scale- on-site technical support (no travel time and expense for service)- higher up-time due to on-site technician support- available infrastructure (natural gas, utilities, cooling)- industrial zoning may allow easier permittingAdiabatic flame temperature reduction reduction in NOx emissions- Power to Gas (P2G) can sell high-value H2 into network- MSW gasifiers can feed into network with lower distribution cost14
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Levelized Hydrogen Delivery Cost Reduction PathLevelized H2 Delivery Cost (2007 /kg)(Input from Amgad Elgowainy, ANL)Infrastructure Storage 10.00Tube-TrailerLH2 Truck 8.00PipelineTerminal 6.00LiquefierRefueling Station 4.00 2.00 -5,000 FCVs200 kg/day Station100,000 FCVS600 kg/day Station1,000,000 FCVS, 1000 kg/day17 Station1717
Pipeline Cost Distribution(Total Installed Cost)Source: Parker, Nathan. "Using Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Costs to Estimate Hydrogen Pipeline Costs," TechnicalReport No. UCD-ITS-RR-04-3, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, January 2005.1818
“Technology Characterization: Gas Turbines”, Energy and Environmental Analysis, Prepared for: Environmental Protection Agency, 2008 Solar turbines performance specifications: Taurus 60, 5.74 MW turbine R. Pravi, G. Moore, “Gas Turbine Emissions and Control”, GE Power Systems, March, 2001, GER -4211 Air intake Exhaust:
Dona Ana County, N. Mex. 24 4. Sample description log of test well SMR-5, White Sands Missile Range, Dona Ana County, N. Mex. : - 25 5. Results of chemical analyses of water samples from test wells SMR-4 and SMR-5, White Sands Missile Range, Dona Ana County, N. Mex. : 26
study finds that the alternative portfolios are still less expensive than SMRs. The average cost of the alternative portfolios is 40/MWh, which means that the alternative options are more than 10% less expensive than the lower- bound SMR cost estimate. Based on a 90/MWh high-end cost sensitivity for SMR resources, the SMR portfolio is more than
Over the years, the Yara Tertre process has run smoothly, but an explosion occurred in 2009 during the start-up of the SMR. It was caused by an erroneous introduction of uncombusted natural gas into the firebox followed by explosive combustion. Two people were injured and the SMR Figur
the emulation. We show that Big Data workloads can be run effectively on SMR devices with an overhead as low as 2.2% after eliminating the overheads of emulation. Finally we present insights on garbage collection mechanisms and policies that will aid future SMR research. Keywords: Shingled Magnetic Recording, SMR, Big Data, Hadoop
Energies 2018, 11, 1879 3 of 14 R3 Thermal resistance of the air space between a panel and the roof surface. R4 Thermal resistance of roof material (tiles or metal sheet). R5 Thermal resistance of the air gap between the roof material and a sarking sheet. R6 Thermal resistance of a gabled roof space. R7 Thermal resistance of the insulation above the ceiling. R8 Thermal resistance of ceiling .
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thermal models is presented for electronic parts. The thermal model of an electronic part is extracted from its detailed geometry configuration and material properties, so multiple thermal models can form a thermal network for complex steady-state and transient analyses of a system design. The extracted thermal model has the following .
API Recommended Practice 500, Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 API Recommended Practice 505, Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class 1, Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2 ASSE Z359.1, The Fall Protection Code ASTM F2413, Standard Specification for .
