ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR SMART CITY PROJECTS

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ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGYFOR SMART CITY PROJECTSApplication to the Mediterranean Region

CONTENTS1.INTRODUCTION . 12.SMART CITY CONCEPT . 3DEFINITION . 3DIMENSIONS . 43.SMART CITY PROJECTS . 7SMART CITY PROJECT’S CHARACTERISTICS . 7TAXONOMY . 84.SMART CITY PROJECTS’ ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY . 13CONTEXT AND OBJECT . 17SMART CITY PROJECT CRITERIA . 20QUALITY ASSESSMENT . 21SC [PAM]: Smart City Projects Assessment Matrix . 27BANKABILITY. 35ASCIMER SMART CITY PROJECTS ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW . 365.MEDITERRANEAN REGION CASE STUDY. 39CHALLENGES . 39CASE STUDIES . 426.GOVERNANCE OF SMART CITY PROJECTS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION . 51STAGES . 51STAKEHOLDERS’ INVOLVEMENT . 52RECOMMENDATIONS. 587.CONCLUSIONS . 618.REFERENCES . 63ANNEX 1: BEST PRACTICESANNEX 2: ASCIMER FIELD VISITS: LESSONS LEARNTANNEX 3: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

1. INTRODUCTIONWith the development of new technological innovations - mainly ICTs, the concept of the“Smart City” emerges as a means to achieve more efficient and sustainable cities. Cities arebecoming smart not only in terms of automated daily functions, but rather in ways thatenable us to monitor, understand, analyze and plan the city to improve urban performancesin real time. The emphasis on social and environmental capital distinguishes Smart Cities froma pure technology-centric concept, thus enhancing a multi-dimensional point of viewregarding cities. To be really Smart, urban areas need to manage their development bysupporting economic competitiveness, enhancing social cohesion, environmentalsustainability and ensuring an increased quality of life for their citizens.Today, over one half of the world s population lives in urban areas, the Mediterraneanterritory is highly urbanized, looking at the fact that more than half of its population lives incities: 74% of the population in Europe, and 63% of the population in the Middle-East andNorthern African countries, and this number is growing. In this context, Smart City solutionsbecome an opportunity to address the Urban Challenges of the region, tightly linked to thecultural, political, social and territorial frameworks of every city, and hence to their regionalcontexts particularities. The definitions of a Smart City support the concept of being a multistakeholder, municipally based issue. Thus, governance issues become a priority, allowingdifferent stakeholders to collaborate in Smart City developments in the region.Nowadays, there is a lack of standardized metrics and methodologies to assess, prioritize,finance, implement, manage and replicate Smart City Projects in specific regions orcontexts.ASCIMER (Assessing Smart City Initiatives for the Mediterranean Region) is a 3-years researchproject supported by the European Investment Bank under the EIB University ResearchSponsorship Programme (EIBURS) and developed by the Universidad Politécnica of Madrid(UPM).The overall goal of this research program is to develop a comprehensive framework to helppublic and private stakeholders to make informed decisions about Smart City investmentstrategies and to build skills to evaluate and prioritize these kinds of projects, including solvingdifficulties regarding deployment and transferability. The project will address the followingobjectives:1. To define the Smart City concept and to understand how it can contribute toachieve urban development priorities.2. To develop a methodology to assess and prioritize Smart City projects.3. To develop guidelines to implement and manage Smart City Projects.4. To characterize Mediterranean City Challenges and to develop a transferabilitystrategy of Smart City projects. This objective will be part of the other three above.ASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION1

Figure 1: ASCIMER Project overview.The first steps of the project had to do with the description of the concept of a Smart City aswell as the development of a Best Practices Guide, which is information tool for cities thatwant to take advantage of the ICTs and solve their challenges through Smart City Projects.This step of the project has had a special focus on the description of the challenges in theMediterranean Region.ASCIMER project has developed and assessment tool in order to evaluate these kind ofprojects facing them to the real challenges of the city. This tool has been developed as ageneral tool, being applicable to any project in any city, adapting the methodologyaccording to its challenges.However, to choose the right project is not enough for achieving its success. Smart CityProjects development is a long process in which governance issues become the key forachieving the objectives. Extracting guidelines for the development of Smart City Projectsunderstanding the role of stakeholders in each of the phases is key.This is a brief summary of what has been the development of the ASCIMER project. Thedetailed description of each of the stages will appear throughout the following document.2ASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

2. SMART CITY CONCEPTDEFINITIONThe definition of a Smart City is a very broad concept that has technology as a basic aspect,coupled with social and human capital development. There is no agreement between theexperts when it comes to give a definition of what a Smart City is (Fig. 2), so ASCIMER hasdeveloped its own working definition that serves as a basis to the development of theassessment methodology:ASCIMER’s Smart City Working definition“A Smart City is an integrated system in which human and social capital interact, usingtechnology-based solutions. It aims to efficiently achieve sustainable and resilientdevelopment and a high quality of life addressing urban challenges on the basis of amultistakeholder, municipality based partnership.”This definition stablishes a strong basis for the city and the objetives cities must achieve,defining the tools and main actors involved in the Smart City concept. These are the threemain goals that a Smart City pursues:1. Improve the efficiency of the city as a systemSmart City initiatives seek the efficiency of the existing and new infrastructure through:-Interconnecting the different infrastructure components, services offered andpeople working with them.Reducing the costs in the long term, thanks to the monitoring and information sharing.2. Achieve a sustainable & resilience development.Although linked with efficiency, sustainability has a broader scope. The consensualdefinition of sustainable development is a “development that meets the needs of thepresent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their ownneeds”.Resilience adds to that sustainable development the capability of recovering fast andof minimising harm after an unexpected event or disaster takes place in the city.3. Increase the quality of life of its citizens.Increasing the quality of life of its citizens constitutes a key objective of the Smart City.When working with the city there should never be forgotten that the final end of thecity itself are its inhabitants. Whenever a Smart City initiative is developed, its ultimatetarget ought to be to improve the quality of life of the citizens.ASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION3

Figure 2: Smart City conceptDIMENSIONSAnalyzing the urban environment, research works deal with a different number of fields toframe the city. We have identified in the reviewed literature that they can all be allocatedwithin six main City Dimensions: Governance, Economy, Mobility, Environment, People andLiving.They represent the specific aspects of a city upon which Smart Initiatives impact to achievethe expected goals of a Smart City strategy (sustainability, efficiency and high quality of life).Technology itself it is not considered an action field, but an enabler that improves theefficiency of the projects.A project is smarter when it integrates the higher number of dimensions. The approach shouldbe as integrated and holistic as possible (Fig.3).Figure 3: Smart City dimensions4ASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

SMART GOVERNANCESmart Government makes use of available technology to be aware of -and coordinate withthe activities carried out by other municipalities, achieve synergies through collaborationswith other stakeholders and reach out citizens needs in order to improve both, publicservices, and confidence in the public institutions.SMART ECONOMYAn urban economy is considered to be a Smart Economy when the sector gathersinnovation and productivity to adapt to the market and workers’ needs to enhance newbusiness models and a resilient global model for competing both locally and globally.SMART MOBILITYSmart Mobility pursues to offer the most efficient, clean and equitable transport network forpeople, goods and data. It leverages the available technologies to gather and provideinformation to users, planners and transport managers, allowing the reshaping of urbanmobility patterns, of planning mechanisms and the enhancement of multimodality byimproving the coordination and integration of different transportation modes.SMART ENVIRONMENTSmart Environment uses data collection from utility networks, users, and air , water, and othercity resources in order to establish main areas of action in urban planning and cityinfrastructure planning as well as to inform urban services managers to achieve a moreefficient and sustainable urban environment while improving the citizens’ quality of life.SMART PEOPLEA Smart City needs the citizen to participate in order for the incoming initiatives to succeed.The existence of citizens able to participate wisely in smart urban life and to adapt to newsolutions providing creative solutions, innovation and diversity to their communities isneeded. Education appears as the main tool to improve this dimension, as well as initiativesto retain creative profiles.SMART LIVINGAs a conclusion, Smart Living is considered the wise management of facilities, public spacesand services using ICT technologies to put focus on improving accessibility, on flexibility ofuses, and on getting closer to the citizens needs.ASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION5

6ASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

3. SMART CITY PROJECTSSMART CITY PROJECT’S CHARACTERISTICSA Smart City Project (SCP) is a project that generates achange and produces an impact towards a Smart City.However, the Smart City definition should includetechnology in a wider sense, and not only ICTs (e.g. newmaterials). SCPs should be tools which make cities morecomfortable to live in and able to maintain complexity,multiply interactions, recognize diversity and manageuncertainty. All of these factors are inherentcharacteristics of urban dynamics and constitute theattractiveness of cities and their current intelligence.The ASCIMER Assessment methodology aims to evaluateSmart City Projects understanding their impacts in the cityand their contribution to reach a Smart City. Each of thefollowing key elements should be inherently part of a SCPand constitute one of the basis taken as a departure pointin the development of the ASCIMER methodology, asexplained throughout this document:INNOVATIONINTEGRATIONINCLUSIONFigure 4: Smart city projectscharacteristicsINNOVATIONSCPs should promote environments of technological cooperation (platforms) for thedevelopment of new solutions to old urban problems. One key element, as established byseveral definitions and as it is reflected in ASCIMER’s working definition is the use oftechnology -in its broader sense- in the project, it has to be addressed at solving one or morecity challenges improving the efficiency, sustainability or quality of life of the city. Technologyoffers the opportunity to address urban problems in an innovative way.INTEGRATIONInitiatives should be crosscutting among vertical areas of governance, combiningknowledge, capacities and competences horizontally towards the objectives defined bythe sustainability framework. A SCP should help with the creation of interconnected systemsin which flows of materials, energy and information are managed coherently. A SCP shouldalso improve dialogue between institutional representatives and citizens and it shouldincrease the horizontal relationship inside the municipality and the interchange with otherinstitutional and civil society entities.INCLUSIONOn one hand, some participants think that SCPs should always be connected with people,and citizens need to recognize them and be able to design them. On another hand, othersASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION7

believe that there are two kinds of projects: ones that engage people and others wherepeople are passive agents, not necessarily aware of the project s scope. In the latter, it isnecessary to explain the benefits of the projects to citizens, considering that transparencyand openness are core element for smart city initiatives.TAXONOMYOnce that the concept of Smart City is defined, a systematic approach to the possibilities ofaction of the Smart City projects has been developed.The Smart City concept has changed from the execution of specific projects to theimplementation of global strategies to tackle city challenges. Thus, it is necessary to get acomprehensive overview of the possibilities and to relate them to the city challenges. As acommon point to all of them, the key factor of the Smart City projects has been identified tobe the use of ICT.According to these criteria, project actions have been defined as seen in table 1.Network and environmentalmonitoringTransparency and informationaccessibilityPublic and Social ServicesMulti-level governanceSmart EnvironmentSmart GovernanceParticipationEnergy efficiencyUrban planning and urbanrefurbishmentSmart buildings and buildingrenovationResources managementDigital educationEntrepreneurshipCreativityLocal & GlobalinterconnectednessProductivityICT - Enabled workingFlexibility of labor marketSmart PeopleInnovationCommunity building andurban life managementInclusive societyTraffic managementTourismPublic TransportCulture and leisureICT InfrastructureLogisticsAccessibilitySmart LivingSmart MobilityE Smart EconomyEnvironmental protectionHealthcareSecurityTechnology accessibilityClean, non-motorised optionsWelfare & Social inclusionMultimodalityPublic spaces managementTable 1: Smart City Project ActionsSome of these project actions could be developed as a unique project, but others are moregeneral and define the basis for action with several Smart City projects.8ASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

Through the development of the ASCIMER approach, the need of reaching a deeper levelin the Smart City possible actions has been detected. Inside any of the identified projectactions there are several possibilities of development, and they are frequently interwoven.Research about the different possible project actions has showed different groups of SmartProjects that configure the Smart City actions. Projects have been grouped in the differentdimensions. Smart City strategies comprehend a combination of these subactions.Developing this deeper level reduces the gap between theory and practice, providing anapproach to real projects as well as to innovative possibilities that are still in project phase orare being developed by different entities (from private companies to grassrootsorganizations) but present a strong potential to be included in multi-stakeholder, municipallybased Smart City Strategies. The aim of this second phase is to widen the panel of possibilitiesand to present an approach that is closer to implementation.SMART MOBILITY PROJECT SUB-ACTIONSSMo1.1.Strategic corridor and network managementSMo1.2.Incident managementSMo1. Traffic managementSMo1.3.Safety enhancementSMo1.4.Real time traveller informationSMo1.5.Traffic restriction (specially private vehicles)SMo1.6.Parking management systemsSMo2.1.Real time traveller informationSMo2.2.Real time operator informationSMo2. Public TransportSMo2.3.Safety and security enhancement.SMo2.4. Public transport alternatives.SMo2.5. Integrated payment systemsSmart MobilitySMo3.1. Systems for collection of data (monitoring and positioningsystems)SMo3. ICT InfrastructureSMo3.2. Systems and protocols for communicating dataSMo3.3. Systems and procedures to ensure quality of the dataSMo3.4. Payment systems&TicketingSMo4.1. Improvement on the trackability&traceability of goodsSMo4. LogisticsSMo4.2. Fleet tracking&managementSMo4.3. Stock managementSMo4.4. Last-mile solutionsSMo5.1. Enhancing physical accessibilitySMo5. AccesibilitySMo5.2. Enhancing digital accessibilitySMo5.3. Enhancing socio-economical accessibilitySMo5.4. Enhancing cultural accessibilitySMo6.1. Clean energy in traffic and parking.SMo6. Clean or non-motorised optionsSMo6.2. Cycling options.SMo6.3. Walking options.SMo6.4.Alternative motorized options (car sharing, car pooling, vansharing)SMo7. MultimodalitySMo7.1.Passenger multimodalitySMo7.2.Freight multimodalityASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION9

SMART GOVERNANCE PROJECT SUB-ACTIONSSGo.1.1. Complaints and suggestionsSGo1. Participation and inclussionSGo.1.2. Participation in decision makingSGo.1.3. Collaborative production of servicesSmart GovernanceSGo.1.4. Bottom up processes coordinated by municipalitySGo2. Transparency and informationaccessibilitySGo2.1. Open data.SGo2.2. Governmental transparencySG2.3. Tools for representation and access to informationSGo3. 1. Online public and social services.SG3. Public and Social ServicesSGo3. 2. Integration and interconnection of services.SGo3. 3. Public entities in social networks.SGo4. 1. Integration and interconnectedness of differentgovernmental levelsSGo4. Multi-level governanceSGo5.1. Efficiency in management, regulations and instruments.SGo5. Efficiency in municipalmana

ASSESSING SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 7 3. SMART CITY PROJECTS SMART CITY PROJECT’S CHARACTERISTICS A Smart City Project (SCP) is a project that generates a characteristics of urban Figure INNOVATION SCPs should promote environments of technological cooperation (platforms) for the

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