Obesity Prevention And Control - The Community Guide
www.thecommunityguide.orgObesity Prevention and ControlIEvidence-Based Interventions for Your Communityn the United States, more than one-third of adults and about 17percent of children were obese during 2011-2014. Being obeseincreases the risk of developing chronic health problems likeheart disease, stroke, diabetes, and certain cancers. This fact sheetprovides proven intervention strategies—including programs andservices—to reverse the U.S. obesity epidemic. It can help decisionmakers in both public and private sectors make choices about whatinterventions are best for their communities.This fact sheet summarizes information in The Guide to CommunityPreventive Services (The Community Guide), an evidence-basedresource of what works in public health. Use the information in thisfact sheet to select from the following intervention strategies youcan adapt for your community tozzDecrease the amount of time people spend in front of acomputer or television screen.zzUse electronic or mobile technology to support coaching orcounseling for weight loss or maintenance.zzDevelop worksite programs for weight loss.zzIncrease the availability of healthier foods and beverages inschools.The Community Guide provides evidence-based findings and recommendations fromthe Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) about preventive services andprograms to improve health. The CPSTF—an independent, nonfederal panel of publichealth and prevention experts—bases its findings on systematic reviews of the scientificliterature. Learn more about The Community Guide and what works to prevent obesityby visiting www.thecommunityguide.org/topic/obesity.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides administrative, scientific, andtechnical support for the Community Preventive Services Task Force.
Obesity Prevention and ControlTHE PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGEObesity is common, serious, and costlyzz About 36% of adults and 17% of children and adolescents areobese.1zz Obesity affects all race/ethnicity groups, with higher rates amongAfrican-American and Hispanic children and adults.3, 4zz An estimated 1 in 8 preschool children from low incomehouseholds is obese.5zz Approximately 300,000 deaths each year are attributed toobesity.6zz Medical costs associated with obesity were estimated at 147 billion in 2008.⁷Obesity increases the risk of health conditions such as2Heart diseaseStrokeMental illness such as clinicaldepression, anxiety, and othermental disorders8,9Type 2 diabetesArthritisRespiratory problems, sleepapneaEndometrial, breast, prostate,and colon cancersAll states have an obesity rate ofmore than 15%, the national goal.¹⁰For more information on obesityin the United States, includingstate-by-state data, see www.cdc.gov/obesity/data.*Prevalence reflects BRFSS methodological changes in 2011. These estimates should notbe compared to previous years.
www.thecommunityguide.orgSUMMARIZING THE CPSTF FINDINGSAll CPSTF findings for obesity prevention and control are available online at www.thecommunityguide.org/topic/obesity. Some ofthe findings are described below.zz Multicomponent interventions to increase theavailability of healthier foods and beverages in schools.Meal interventions and fruit and snack interventions aim toprovide healthier foods and beverages that are appealingto students and limit access to less healthy options. Theseinterventions include school meal policies that ensureschool breakfasts or lunches meet nutrition requirementsand programs that provide fresh fruit and vegetables tostudents during lunch or snack. Healthy food and beveragemarketing strategies for these interventions may includeplacing healthier foods and beverages where they are easyto select, offering taste tests, and pricing healthier foodsand beverages at a lower cost.zz Technology-supported coaching or counselinginterventions. Using technology in coaching orcounseling interventions can help people to eat less, loseweight, and maintain the weight loss for 12 to 18 months.Technology-supported components include computerbased interfaces (such as computer kiosks, softwareprograms, email, or the Internet), video conferencing,personal digital assistants, pagers, pedometers that“sync” with computers, and computerized telephonesystem interventions,zz Interventions in specific settings. Worksite nutritionand physical activity programs can help employeeslose weight by improving their dietary and physicalactivity habits. These programs can include one or moreapproaches to support behavior changes, ranging frominformational and educational to behavioral and social, aswell as to policy and environmental strategies (improvingaccess to healthy foods on-site and offering moreopportunities for physical activity).zz Interventions to reduce screen time. Spending lesstime watching TV, video, or DVDs, playing video orcomputer games, and surfing the internet can helppeople lose weight. Behavioral interventions—classesaimed at improving knowledge, attitudes, or skills—canreduce screen time by more than 36 minutes a dayand result in modest weight loss among children andadolescents. These classes may include skills building,goal setting, reinforcement techniques, and familysupport encouragement.PUTTING THE CPSTF FINDINGS TO WORKAs a public health decision maker, practitioner, community leader, or someonewho can influence the health of your community, you can use The CommunityGuide to create a blueprint for success. Identify your community’s needs. Review the interventionstrategies recommended by the CPSTF and determinewhich ones best match your needs. Develop evidencebased programs, services, and policies that supportweight loss efforts and create environments to helpmaintain a healthy weight.See how other communities have applied the CPSTFrecommendations and other intervention strategies forpreventing and controlling obesity. Get ideas from theirsuccess stories at ide-in-action. Explore obesity programs at Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T.'sResearch-tested Intervention Program (RTIPs). Thesecommunity-based and clinical programs have beenevaluated, found to be effective, and published in a peerreviewed journal. Visit https://rtips.cancer.gov/rtips/rtips. Find tools and resources and learn more about howCDC’s Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesitysupports obesity prevention programs at ex.html. Consult Partnership for Prevention's worksite healthresources at www.prevent.org/Topics/Worksite-Health.aspx to learn about promoting health in the workplace.
Obesity Prevention and ControlTHE COMMUNITY GUIDE IN ACTIONWorksite Wellness to Control Overweight and ObesityThe Dow Chemical Company (Dow) often uses findings and recommendations in The CommunityGuide to develop its worksite wellness programs. For example, to help control overweight andobesity among its 52,000 employees, Dow focuses on interventions to improve access to healthyfoods. One strategy the company has implemented is to color code serving utensils in the cafeteriasalad bar to help diners make healthier food choices. A green label indicates a food is a highlynutritious “go,” a yellow label cautions moderation, and a red label warns diners to “stop” beforeeating too much of a high-fat food. As one component in a comprehensive worksite health strategy,interventions like this have helped Dow save millions in healthcare costs. Read more about this storyat te-wellness-employees.Mobilizing Funding Support to Battle Overweight and ObesityThe Western Maryland Health System (WMHS) took aim at the increasing rates of adult andchildhood obesity in its community through a comprehensive action plan focused on behavioral,social, and environmental change. WMHS used evidence-based findings and recommendations inThe Community Guide to secure partnerships and funding for local activities, including a television“turn off challenge” and two walking groups. WMHS has found that using a combination ofinterventions and involving partners from different sectors of the community increases the likelihoodthat messages will take hold. Read more on this story at c-disease.FOR MORE INFORMATIONThe Community Guide: Obesity Prevention and sion of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, CDCwww.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/CDC’s Vital Signs: Obesity Rises Among Adultswww.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/AdultObesity/CDC Prevention Research Center: Center for Trainingand Research Translation, University of North Carolina atChapel Hillhttp://centertrt.org/Healthy People 2020 Resources on Physical es/topic/physical-activityREFERENCES¹ Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity among adults and youthin the United States, 2011–2014. NCHS data brief, no 219. National Center for Health Statistics.2015. Available at .htm.² National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation,and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. NIH publicationno. 98-4083. Bethesda, MD. 1998. Available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob gdlns.pdf.³ Ogden CL, Carroll MD. Prevalence of Obesity Among Children and Adolescents: UnitedStates, Trends 1963–1965 Through 2007–2008. NCHS Health E-Stat. National Center for HealthStatistics. 2010. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity child 07 08/obesitychild 07 08.htm.⁴ Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distributionof body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA. 2012;307(5):491-497.⁵ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Signs: Obesity Among Low-Income,Preschool-aged Children–United States, 2008-2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep2013;62(31)629-634. Available at .htm.⁶ U.S. Surgeon General. Overweight and Obesity: At a Glance. U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services. Available at nkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable toobesity: payer- and service-specific estimates. Health Affairs. 2009;28(5):w822-w831.⁸Kasen, Stephanie, et al. “Obesity and psychopathology in women: a three decade prospective study.”International Journal of Obesity 32.3 (2008): 558-566.⁹Luppino, Floriana S., et al. “Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysisof longitudinal studies.” Archives of general psychiatry 67.3 (2010): 220-229.¹⁰Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Vital Signs. (2010, August). Adult Obesity: ObesityRises Among Adults. Retrieved from: gns.pdf.Last updated: September 2017
www.thecommunityguide.orgObesity Prevention and ControlEvidence-Based Interventions for Your CommunityCPSTF FINDINGS ON OBESITY PREVENTION AND CONTROLThe Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) has released the following findings on what works in public health toprevent and control obesity. These findings are compiled in The Guide to Community Preventive Services (The CommunityGuide) and listed in the table below. Use the findings to identify strategies and interventions you could use for yourcommunity.Legend for CPSTF Findings:RecommendedInterventionInsufficient EvidenceCPSTFFindingInterventions in Community SettingsRecommended Against(See reverse for detailed descriptions.)InterventionProvider-Oriented InterventionsBehavioral Interventions to Reduce Screen TimeAmong ChildrenProvider EducationIncreasing Water Access in SchoolsProvider Education with a Patient InterventionMeal and Fruit and Vegetable SnackInterventions to Increase Healthier Foods andBeverages Provided by SchoolsProvider FeedbackMulticomponent Interventions to IncreaseAvailability of Healthier Foods and Beverages inSchoolsSupporting Healthier Snack Foods and BeveragesSold or Offered as Rewards in SchoolsWorksite ProgramsCPSTFFindingProvider RemindersMulticomponent Provider InterventionMulticomponent Provider Intervention withPatient InterventionsTechnology-Supported Multicomponent Coaching orCounseling InterventionsTo Reduce WeightTo Maintain Weight LossFor each intervention, a summary of the systematic review, included studies, evidence gaps, and journal publicationscan be found on the Obesity section of the website at www.thecommunityguide.org/topic/obesity. Other relatedresources for this topic include one pagers and Community Guide in Action stories.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides administrative, scientific,and technical support for the Community Preventive Services Task Force.
Obesity Prevention and Controlwww.thecommunityguide.orgUNDERSTANDING THE FINDINGSThe CPSTF bases its findings and recommendations on systematic reviews of the scientific literature. Withoversight from the CPSTF, scientists and subject matter experts from the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention conduct these reviews in collaboration with a wide range of government, academic, policy, andpractice-based partners. Based on the strength of the evidence, the CPSTF assigns each intervention to oneof the categories below.CategoryDescriptionRecommendedThere is strong or sufficient evidence that the intervention strategyis effective. This finding is based on the number of studies, how wellthe studies were designed and carried out, and the consistency andstrength of the results.Insufficient EvidenceThere is not enough evidence to determine whether the interventionstrategy is effective. This does not mean the intervention doesnot work. There is not enough research available or the results aretoo inconsistent to make a firm conclusion about the interventionstrategy’s effectiveness. The CPSTF encourages those who useinterventions with insufficient evidence to evaluate their efforts.RecommendedAgainstIconThere is strong or sufficient evidence that the intervention strategy isharmful or not effective.EVALUATING THE EVIDENCEzz CPSTF findings are based on systematic reviews of all relevant, high-quality evidence. Systematic reviewsare conducted in accordance with the highest international standards, using a transparent and replicablemethodology that accounts for the complexities of real-world public health interventions.zz Systematic review science teams, coordinated by CDC scientists, evaluate the strengths and limitations of allrelevant high-quality evidence to assess whether programs, services, and other interventions are effective inimproving health at the population level.zz Review teams determine whether findings are applicable to different U.S. population groups and settings;highlights possible harms, potential benefits, and implementation considerations; and identifies evidencegaps and areas for future research.zz A separate team of economists conducts systematic economic analyses for recommended interventionapproaches. They look at cost, cost effectiveness, and cost-benefit analyses to provide public healthprofessionals with information they need to make decisions and allocate funding.Visit the “Our Methodology” page on The Community Guide website at www.thecommunityguide.org/about/our-methodology for more information about the methods used to conduct the systematic reviewsand the criteria the CPSTF uses to make findings and recommendations.Last updated: September 2017
Obesity Prevention and Control THE PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE Obesity is common, serious, and costly z About 36% of adults and 17% of children and adolescents are obese.1 z Obesity affects all race/ethnicity groups, with higher rates among African-American and Hispanic children and adults.3, 4 z An estimated 1 in 8 preschool children from low income households is obese.5
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999‐2014. Obesity, 2016 May;24(5):1116-23. Wang et al. What childhood obesity prevention programmes work? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev, 2015 Langford et al. Obesity prevention and the Health Promoting Schools framework: essential components and barriers to .
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
1.1 Childhood obesity 13 1.2 Key global strategies related to obesity prevention 13 1.3 WHO Forum and Technical Meeting on Population-based Prevention Strategies for Childhood Obesity 15 1.4 Purpose and structure of the document 15 Guiding principles for the development of a population-based childhood obesity prevention strategy 16
