Washington State Commercial Driver Guide

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DEPARTMENT OF LICENSINGCommercialDriver Guidedol.wa.gov

This Commercial Driver License (CDL) Guide is a summary ofthe laws and rules that apply to all drivers of commercial motorvehicles in Washington State. It is not a book of laws, and shouldnot be used as a basis for any legal claims or actions. Regulationsput into effect by federal or state agencies may go beyond statelaws but cannot conflict with them.We welcome your comments and suggestions.Send these to: Communications and EducationDepartment of Licensing1125 Washington Street SEOlympia WA 98501For your convenience, additional contact information is given below.Department of Licensing (DOL)Website: www.dol.wa.gov For information about driving records, reinstatements, andeligibility:Telephone: (360) 902-3900 For vehicle questions:Prorate (IRP)(360) 664-1858IFTA(360) 664-1868CDL ProgramTelephone: (360) 902-3619email: cdlprogram@dol.wa.govFor information about: General state and federal requirements and inquiries How to get a CDL Minimum training requirements Medical waivers HAZMAT/TSA threat assessment clearance Foreign knowledge testing Washington Commercial Driver Guide and knowledge test questionsCDL Skills Testing ProgramTelephone: (360) 902-3607email: cdlskillstest@dol.wa.govFor information about: CDL skills testing scheduling TPT fee reimbursement Customer testing inquiries/commentsi

Federal Motor Carriers Safety Administration (FMCSA)Telephone: (360) 753-9875Website: www.fmcsa.dot.gov Hours of service Equipment Interstate medical waivers Federal rules and regulationsTransportation Security Administration (TSA)Telephone: 1-(877) 429-7746Website: www.hazprints.tsa.dhs.gov Hazmat endorsement eligibility Threat assessments Background checks FingerprintsWashington State Patrol (WSP)Telephone: (360) 596-3800Website: www.wsp.wa.gov Equipment requirements Enforcement practices Road conditions Chain requirements Weight enforcementWashington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC)Telephone: (360) 664-1222Website: www.wutc.wa.gov Authority to carry freight for hire Intrastate inspectionsWashington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT)Telephone: (360) 704-6340Website: www.wsdot.wa.gov/commercialvehicle Interpretation of statutes or rules Restricted roads or bridges Oversize/Overweight permits Construction projectsHazardous Material National Response Center (NRC)Telephone: 1-(800) 424-8802To report a hazardous material emergencyChemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)Telephone: 1-(800) 424-9300For technical information about physical properties of hazardousmaterialsWe are committed to providing equal access to our services.If you need accommodation, please call (360) 902-3900 or TTY (360) 664-0116.ii

Table ContentsIntroduction1.1 – Who Needs a CDL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2 – Getting Your CDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3 – Medical Waivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4 – Driver Disqualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5 – Nationwide CDL Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.6 – Washington State Laws and Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-21-61-111-141-171-19Driving Safely2.1 – Vehicle Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.2 – Basic Control of Your Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.3 – Shifting Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.4 – Seeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.5 – Communicating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.6 – Controlling Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.7 – Managing Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.8 – Seeing Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.9 – Distracted Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.10 – Aggressive Drivers/Road Rage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.11 – Driving at Night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.12 – Driving in Fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.13 – Driving in Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.14 – Driving in Very Hot Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.15 – Railroad-highway Crossings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.16 – Mountain Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.17 – Driving Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.18 – Antilock Braking Systems (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.19 – Skid Control and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.20 – Accident Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.21 – Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.22 – Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.23 – Staying Alert and Fit to Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.24 – Hazardous Materials Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sporting Cargo Safely3.1 – Inspecting Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2 – Weight and Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.3 – Securing Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4 – Cargo Needing Special Attention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23-23-43-6iii

Transporting Passengers Safely4.1 – Vehicle Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.2 – Loading and Trip Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.3 – On the Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.4 – After-trip Vehicle Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.5 – Prohibited Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.6 – Use of Brake-door Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-24-34-54-74-74-7Air Brakes5.1 – The Parts of an Air Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.2 – Dual Air Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.3 – Inspecting Air Brake Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.4 – Using Air Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-25-105-115-15Combination Vehicles6.1 – Driving Combination Vehicles Safely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2 – Combination Vehicle Air Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3 – Antilock Brake Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.4 – Coupling and Uncoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.5 – Inspecting a Combination Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-26-86-126-146-20Doubles and Triples7.1 – Pulling Double/Triple Trailers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.2 – Coupling and Uncoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.3 – Inspecting Doubles and Triples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.4 – Doubles/Triples Air Brake Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-27-37-67-8Tank Vehicles8.1 – Inspecting Tank Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28.2 – Driving Tank Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38.3 – Safe Driving Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4Hazardous Materials9.1 – The Intent of the Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.2 – Hazardous Materials Transportation: Who Does What . .9.3 – Communication Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.4 – Loading and Unloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.5 – Bulk Packaging Marking, Loading and Unloading . . . . .9.6 – Hazardous Materials – Driving and Parking Rules . . . . . .9.7 – Hazardous Materials – Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.8 – Hazardous Materials Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.9 – Hazardous Materials Endorsement Requirements . . . . .iv9-39-49-59-209-269-289-329-399-44

School Buses10.1 – Danger Zones and Use of Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.2 – Loading and Unloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.3 – Emergency Exit and Evacuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.4 – Railroad-highway Crossings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.5 – Student Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.6 – Antilock Braking Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.7 – Special Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-210-610-1210-1410-1910-2010-21Pre-Trip Inspection11.1 – The Pre-Trip Inspection Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 – What The Tester Will Look For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 – Checks For All Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.4 – Checks For Combination Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.5 – Checks For All Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.6 – Checks for School Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-111-211-311-1511-1911-20Basic Controls12.1 – The Basic Controls Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-212.2 – What The Tester Will Look For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3The Road Test13.1 – The Road Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-213.2 – What The Tester Will Look For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3v

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IntroductionThis section covers: Who needs a Commercial Driver License (CDL) Getting your CDL Medical waivers Driver disqualifications Nationwide CDL rules Washington State laws and rulesThe Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986 requiresall states to meet the same minimum standards for testing andlicensing commercial drivers. Your Commercial Driver License(CDL) is proof that you have the professional skills needed to safelyoperate commercial vehicles. All commercial drivers throughout theUnited States are required to have a CDL.This manual will help you to understand and meet the driverlicensing requirements and standards.All drivers need to study: Section 1, Introduction and State Laws Section 2, Driving Safely Section 3, Transporting Cargo SafelyYour General Knowledge test will have questions from each ofthese sections.1-1

1.1 – Who Needs a CDL?You must have a CDL to drive any of the following vehicles: Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)of 26,001 pounds or more. A combination vehicle with a gross combination weight ratingof 26,001 or more pounds if the trailer(s) has a GVWR of10,001 or more pounds. All vehicles designed to transport 16 or more personsincluding the driver–this also includes private and churchbuses. All school buses regardless of size. Any size vehicle which requires hazardous material placardsor is carrying material listed as a select agent or toxin in 49CFR 100-185.These vehicles are divided into three classes–A, B, and C. UseFigure 1.1 to see if you need a CDL, and what class of CDL youneed. A higher-class CDL allows you to drive vehicles in any of thelower classes if you have the correct endorsements.You may need endorsements added to your CDL if you will: Drive passenger-carrying vehicles, such as buses, includingall school buses. Pull double or triple trailers. Drive tank vehicles. Drive any size vehicle that is used in the transportation of anymaterial that requires hazardous material placarding or anyquantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42CFR 93.There are seven endorsements and one restriction for the CDL,each with its own knowledge test. Study figure 1.2 to see if theyapply to you.Occasional drivers also need a CDL and any requiredendorsements. For example: mechanics or truck salespeople whotest-drive the vehicles described above on a public roadway.You must pass the knowledge and skill tests to get a CDL. Thismanual will help you to pass these tests, but it is not a substitute fora training class or program. Formal training is the most reliable wayto learn the special skills required to safely and professionally drivea large commercial vehicle.1-2

Do you need a Commercial Driver License?There are three types of Commercial Driver Licenses (CDL):Class A, Class B, and Class C. To see if you need a CDL, answerthe questions and follow the lines.STARTDo youdrive acombinationvehicle?YesIs the mfg’sweight ratingof the towedvehicle(s)10,001pounds ormore?YesIs the mfg’sweightrating for thevehicle(s)26,001pounds ormore?YesSTOP.You needa Class ALicense.YesSTOP.You needa Class BLicense.YesSTOPYou needa Class CLicense.NoNoNoIs the mfg’sweight ratingof your singlevehicle 26,001pounds ormore?NoIs your vehicle26,000pound or lessdesigned tocarry 16 ormore personsincluding thedriver?NoIs your vehiclea school bus?YesDoes yourvehicle 26,000pounds orless carryplacardedhazardousmaterials?YesSTOPYou needa Class Bor ClassC License(Fig. 1.2)STOPYou needa Class CLicense.NoSTOPYou do notneed a CDL.Figure 1.11-3

CDL 4DescriptionP1Class B passenger vehicle.Required for drivers of vehicles 26,001 lbs. ormore designed to carry 16 or more passengersincluding the driver.P2Class C passenger vehicle.Required for drivers of vehicles 26,000 lbs. orless, designed to carry 16 or more passengersincluding the driver.SSchool bus endorsement.Required for drivers who drive any size of schoolbus. A school bus is a vehicle regularly usedto transport children to and from school or inconjunction with school activities, which meetsthe school bus specifications established by theSuperintendent of Public Instruction.TDouble and triple trailers endorsement.Required for drivers pulling sets of double or tripletrailers*NTank vehicle endorsement.Required for drivers of vehicles carrying liquids orliquid gas in a permanently mounted cargo tankrated at 119 gallons or more or a portable tankrated at 1,000 gallons or more.HHazardous materials endorsement.Required for drivers of any size vehicle that isused in the transportation of any material thatrequires hazardous material placarding or anyquantity of a material listed as a select agent ortoxin in 42 CFR 93.*XCombination of tank vehicle endorsment andhazardous materials endorsement.KAir brakes restriction.Drivers of CDL vehicles with air brakes must passthe required tests for air brakes. Drivers who donot pass these tests are restricted on the CDL tonon-air brake vehicles.

UCDL Intrastate Only RestrictionDrivers of CDL vehicles who are restricted todriving only within Washington, either because ofmedical waiver or the driver is under the age of 21.*see the following section for exemptionsFigure 1.2ExemptionsThe law exempts four groups of drivers from the CDL: Farmers transporting farm equipment, supplies, or products toor from a farm in a farm vehicle are exempted if the vehicle is:-- Operated by a farmer or a farm employee.-- Not used in the operation of a common or contract motorcarrier.-- Used within 150 miles of the farm (in an air-mile radius).Products include Christmas trees or wood productstransported by vehicles weighing no more than forty thousandpounds licensed gross vehicle weight. The weight restrictionapplies only to Christmas trees and wood products.

Commercial Driver Guide DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING Commercial . (WSDOT) Telephone: (360) 704-6340 . The Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986 requires all states to meet the same minimum standards for testing and licensing commercial

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