How Fast Should An External Drive Be?
How fast should an external drive be?Please see the below table to compare the maximum performance of each interface.External driveInternal driveUSB 1.1Up to 12 Mbits/secUSB 2.0Up to 480 Mbits/secSerial ATA 1.5Up to 1.5 Gbits/secUSB 3.0Up to 4.8 Gbits/secSATA 3.0Up to 3.0 Gbits/secSATA 6.0Up to 6.0 Gbits/sec1394a (Firewire 400)Up to 400 Mbits/sec1394b (Firewire 800)Up to 800 Mbits/seceSATAUltraATA 100Serial-Attached SCSI (SAS)Up to 100 Mbytes/secUp to 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, or12.0 Gbits/secUp to 1.5 or 3.0 Gbits/secThunderboltUp to 10 Gbits/secPlease note carefully not only the numbers, but also the units of measurement.This table shows how much maximum total bandwidth is available per bus for each technology.Advertised transfer rates are based on the fastest speed at which the drive can send data back andforth across the cable (or bus) from the drive buffer.Data transfer will go as fast as the slowest device or busAs technology progresses and newer, faster interfaces are developed, a user can have a collectionof devices of varying interfaces, whose top speeds can vary widely. The computer will movedata during a given transfer as quickly as it can, taking into account the abilities of all the devicesinvolved in the transfer: the source diskthe interface over which the data is movingthe destination diskIt may be that the source disk is newer and can push data faster than the destination disk canwrite it.Example: Backing up the data contained on a Serial ATA 6.0 drive to an external drive equippedwith a USB 2.0 interface. The Serial ATA drive and interface are faster than USB 2.0, so theUSB 2.0 drive and interface are the "bottleneck".
It may be that the destination disk and the interface can move and write data faster than thesource disk can send it.Example: Backing up the data contained on a Serial ATA 3.0 drive to an external drive equippedwith a Thunderbolt interface. The Thunderbolt interface is faster than SATA 3.0, so the SATA3.0 drive and interface are the "bottleneck".Burst transfer rate vs. Sustained transfer rateMany hard drive users mistake the "burst transfer rate" in the table above for what they canexpect to see in real-world performance. This leads almost invariably to disappointment whentheir USB external hard drive does not transfer data at 50 MB/sec or their SATA internal drive at300 MB/sec.This is because no storage device will have all of this "potential" bandwidth available for datatransfers. Some of the bandwidth will be shared with other devices on the bus and some will beconsumed by commands and interface protocol overhead. Other limitations can include thetransfer rate that is possible given the bus (ie, USB, SATA, Thunderbolt).It is also worth noting that poor or slow drive performance is usually caused by a systemconfiguration factor. It is very rare that poor performance is directly related to the drive. Inmany cases, perceived poor drive performance is usually attributed to the results of a benchmarktest. Benchmark results are very system-dependent and the results can vary from system tosystem. For this reason, Seagate cannot provide a single sustained transfer rate specification forany drive.Other Tips for Increasing Performance Try connecting USB external drives into the various USB ports on your computer and experimentwith data transfers via each port. It may be that some of the ports on the computer use olderUSB hardware.For best performance, do not connect external drives to USB hubs, switches, or extensioncables.Defragment the disk drive (not for use with solid state drives).The drive's partition can become fragmented in the course of normal usage. Running the defragutility in Windows can often improve the performance of a slow drive by consolidating scatteredfiles and data, making it easier to access more quickly.Run Seatools for Windows on the drive.Run checkdisk on the drive (not for use with solid state drives).Replace your USB cable with a known-good cable.Empty the recycle bin/trash can, especially if the drive has been used for a while. Old dataremoved from the drive leaves behind a footprint on the drive, which can negatively affectperformance.Many computers have numerous programs running in the background that are occupyingsystem resources. Shut down some or many of the background programs.Please consult Microsoft Support (for 8/7/Vista) (for XP) for directions on disabling backgroundprograms at computer startup.Please see this Microsoft Support article for directions on using the Windows Task Manager toend processes.Boot to Safe Mode and try a data transfer to see if that increases the performance.
My drive occasionally gives a Mft error.Unfortunately, Mft errors usually indicate a corrupted partition.Please follow these steps:1. Troubleshoot the partition.1. Backup the data on the drive (if it is not already backed up).2. If this is not possible, use File Recovery for Windows to recover the data (if necessary).3. Once complete, or if the data was already backed up, use "chkdsk /f" to try to repair thepartition.Also see Document ID: 184611 for more information.2. These errors are also sometimes seen in conjunction with delayed write failures.3. Confirm that the external drive you have is supported in the operating system you have. Forexample, no external drives are supported in Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2003 Server, orWindows 2008 Server. A drive connected to a Server computer like this might indeed work for awhile, even a great while. But often problems like the Mft error occur.So, use the external drive on a different, supported operating system.See Document ID: 202393 - Seagate and Maxtor Compatibility Chart for Windows Vista andDocument ID: 211931 - Will my drive work with Windows 7?4. This error sometimes means that the drive itself is failing.Use Seatools for Windows or the drive's bundled diagnostic software to test it.Optional diagnostic software tutorials:o Seagate FreeAgent Proo Seagate FreeAgent GoMoving Data Between Two Systems Using an External Hard Drive (forMacOS)In most cases you can use your external hard drive to copy data from one computer to another. Itis recommended that you only copy data (i.e. pictures, documents, music, etc.) and notapplications. Applications will not function when they are copied to a different system. Also,please note there may be a file system compatibility issue. Please see the "File systemcompatibility between operating systems" section below.To copy the data to the external hard drive:There are four main ways to save data (or "backup") to your external drive: manually (using thecopy & paste or the drag & drop method), creating image/clone backups, using a backupsoftware, and using backup programs included within Windows or MacOS. To backup your data manually, please see Document ID: 206295 for instructions, Rememberthat you may always backup manually, whether or not you are also using a backup software.
Many Seagate and Maxtor-brand drives include backup programs, and you may use these aswell as manual methods to perform backups. To use a backup software, simply install thesoftware that came with your drive and configure the backup to run when you launch it or on ascheduled basis.See our How To section for how-to videos and other resources to help you set up your backupprogram.See Document ID: 201413 for a list of programs by drive model.To use MacOS native backup systems like Time Machine, please check with their manufacturerdocumentation. Here are some examples:o Apple Time Machine 101 - Seagate Styleo MacOS Time MachineFile system compatibility between operating systemsWindows OS to MacOS:The GoFlex line of drives includes an NTFS driver, which can make NTFS file systems usable inMacOS. See Document ID: 219103 for more information. This is the best solution Seagate offersfor transferring data between Windows and Mac computers.You may also format your external drive into FAT32 for use between Windows and Maccomputers. See Document ID: 200895 for instructions. It is only possible to read FAT andFAT32 formatted drives in a Macintosh with OS 10.2 or earlier. Using a FAT32 formatted drivewithin the Macintosh environment is only recommended for a short period of time to transferdata.Data corruption will possibly occur when using FAT32 over an extended period oftime in a Macintosh. Also keep in mind, that you will have a 4 GB file transfer limitation. Do notuse NTFS formatted drives.For non-GoFlex drives, Mac OS X 10.3 Panther or later works with local NTFS-formattedvolumes, but the volume will be read-only. You will be able to copy data from, but not to, theexternal hard drive. With FAT32, it is recommended that the volume/partition size of theexternal hard drive not exceed 32 GB.If you have an NTFS formatted disk, you must use another method to transfer the data from theMac computer to the NTFS formatted external drive.Please also see the following Apple article: How to transfer data from a PC to a Macintosh
Macintosh OS to Windows OS:Seagate FreeAgent GoFlex drives includes the Paragon driver, which can make NTFS filesystems usable in MacOS. Please see Document ID: 219103 for instructions on installingit. This is the best solution Seagate offers for transferring data between Windows and Maccomputers.For non-GoFlex drives, Windows does not support the Macintosh file system and it cannot beread. However, Macintosh and Windows can read the FAT32 file system. Using a FAT32formatted drive within the Macintosh environment is only recommended for a short period oftime to transfer data. It is recommended that you divide the drive in 32GB volumes/partitionsand format as FAT32.Data corruption will be prevalent when using FAT32 over an extended period of timein a Macintosh.Using a third-party disk utility that allows you to see Macintosh formatted volumes is analternative to using FAT32 file system for the external hard drive.MacOS to MacOS:Some Seagate external drives, such as the FreeAgent Go for Mac and FreeAgent Desk for Mac,come formatted in MacOS Extended format, which is supported by Mac OS 8.1 and later.Others, which come formatted in NTFS, need to be reformatted in MacOS before you attempt tostore data on the drive. See Document ID: 207851 for instructions.When you format your external hard drive, it should be formatted for Mac OS Extended. If youare transferring data from an OS 10 system to an OS 9 computer, or trying to access the datathrough OS 9 (with a drive formatted through OS 10), you will need to have installed OS 9driverswhen you erase the drive. Otherwise, transferring data between OS 10 operating systemsshould work.Helpful Apple articles:Mac OS: About Mac OS Extended Volume Hard Drive Format or HFS Mac OS: Disk Is Available in Mac OS X But Not in Mac OS 9MacOS energy-saver settingMac OS include an Energy Saver feature that can cause hard drives connected in or to thecomputer to spin down after a period of inactivity. If Mac OS sends a command to spin down toan external drive, the drive may stop being detected by the computer.To ensure that the Mac does not send a command to spin down your external drive, please seethis article from Apple support.Uncheck the Put the hard disk(s) to sleep when possible box in Energy Saver.
USB External TroubleshooterFirst try these troubleshooting steps: Try a different portTry a different cableTry a different computerVerify the drive light is onTry a different power outlet (Desktop Drives)Plug adapter directly into the wall if in a power strip (Desktop Drives)Verify that it the drive feels like it is getting powerFor additional troubleshooting steps select your operating system:WindowsMacintoshFor Windows check device manager and disk management in computer management:Try the following Steps: Hold the Windows Key () down and press RType compmgmt.msc into to the run boxSelect Device Manager on the leftFirst check disk drives in the middle windowIf you see the drive is detected here continue reading. If not, click hereRight click on the external drive listed under Disk DrivesClick on PropertiesClick on the “Volumes” tabClick on PopulateDocument the disk number provided in this WindowClick on Disk Management on the left hand sideIn the middle towards the bottom locate the disk number from earlier
Once located you will want to look for the following:Does it say RAW or Unalloctated?If the drive says RAW or unallocated and you have already tried a different port, cable, andcomputer but you need the data then you will want to consider data recovery.If the drive is formatted correctly for Windows you should see the following information: NTFS - If NTFS is missing then the file system has become corrupted. You can formatthe drive if you don’t need the data.Capacity - Check to see if the drive is correct for example if you have a 1TB drive itshould say 931GB.Drive letter - Verify that the drive has a drive letter. If it is missing verify that other driveshave a letter. If other drives have a letter but the external is missing then you can rightclick and select change drive letter or path.Click Add then assign a letter and OKIf the drive was not detected under disk drives then check the following:Within device manager look for unknown device, other device, or mass storage device with ayellow! icon. Make sure to expand Universal Serial Bus controllers too.If you see an unknown device or other device then right-click and select properties.Under the general tab locate ‘Device Status’ and there may be an error.You may see a code 10 or 28.If you see Code 10 and have already tried another cable and computer then the drive hasprobably failed.If you see Code 28 (this may work for others codes too, ie Code 43) then try the following:
Close the window with the codeRight-click on the device with the issue and select uninstallShut the computer down and disconnect the driveReboot with the drive disconnectedPlug the drive into a different portYou should see that it is installing device driversOnce the driver loads check to see if it is giving the same Code.Note: If that fails, you will need to try to reload the USB drivers for the operating system byinserting your Windows Media, rebooting, and attempting a Repair/Restore.Warning: This can be dangerous to your data and you should disconnect your external drivebefore attempting this.MacintoshIf the drive is not showing on your desktop or within Finder check disk utility.Applications Utilities Disk UtilityYou should see the drive on the left hand sideYou should see two entries - the top with the capacity and one indented below that.Select the indented entry for your drive and click on the “Mount” button at the top of the DiskUtility.If the indented entry for your drive is greyed out then that indicates some level of file systemcorruption.Select the indented entry and then click on Verify Disk.Once the Verify Disk process is complete it will suggest you repair the disk or tell you there isnothing wrong with it.
If this is not the only copy of your important data, then try to run the Repair Disk process tosee if it resolves the file system corruption.If this is the only copy of your important data, then we suggest running data recovery softwareon the drive to attempt to retrieve your files.If the Repair Disk process fails to repair the disk then you will want to reformat it to see if youare dealing with a physical issue or a logical issue.Warning: Formatting erases all data on the drive.USB Device causes XP system to hang on rebootThis problem may occur if you have both USB 2.0 devices and USB 1.1 FDD devices connectedto a Windows XP SP1-based computer. Because Windows XP SP1 does not support the USB 2.0Legacy BIOS, the USB 1.1 device driver does not work correctly.To work around this problem, turn off USB 2.0 Legacy BIOS support in the computer's BIOSSetup utility. For information about using the computer Setup utility to modify the BIOSsettings, contact the manufacturer of your computer.Additional Information:Microsoft KB# 832577: The Computer Stops Responding During StartupREFERENCE TO THIRD PARTIES AND THIRD PARTY WEB SITES. Seagate references thirdparties and third party products as an informational service only, it is not an endorsement orrecommendation - implied or otherwise - of any of the listed companies. Seagate makes no warranty implied or otherwise - regarding the performance or reliability of these companies or products. Eachcompany listed is independent from Seagate and is not under the control of Seagate; therefore, Seagateaccepts no responsibility for and disclaims any liability from the actions or products of the listedcompanies. You should make your own independent evaluation before conducting business with anycompany. To obtain product specifications and warranty information, please contact the respectivevendor directly. There are links in this document that will permit you to connect to third-party web sitesover which Seagate has no control. These links are provided for your convenience only and your use ofthem is at your own risk. Seagate makes no representations whatsoever about the content of any ofthese web sites. Seagate does not endorse or accept any responsibility for the content, or use, of anysuch web sites.
How do I Troubleshoot SCSI/ATA hard drive combinations?When SCSI drives are connected to the SCSI host adapter, with an ATA drive installed,you are unable to boot from the ATA drive.The SCSI host adapter and the ATA port on the motherboard could be set for the same IRQ oraddress or both. Check the following: For the primary port, the ATA ports on the motherboard will likely be set to IRQ 14, and the I/Oaddress will likely be set to 1F0-1F7.For the secondary port, the ATA ports on the motherboard will likely be set to IRQ 15, and theI/O address will likely be set to 170-177.The SCSI host adapter's IRQ and I/O address should not conflict with the above settings.If using a plug-in controller or host adapter with a BIOS, make sure the BIOS address does notconflict with the address settings of other cards or devices.Check the documentation for the motherboard or SCSI host adapter for detailed information onhow to change these settings. If unavailable, contact the vendor of the ATA or SCSI host adapter.Once these setting are properly implemented, your computer should be able to recognizeavailable ATA and SCSI drives with no problem.You are unable (or there is a long delay when trying) to boot from the SCSI drive.The motherboard's BIOS might be "pinging" the ATA bus looking for an ATA drive. Whenusing a SCSI drive as a boot device, there should not be an ATA drive physically attached as thePrimary 0 (master) drive, and the CMOS settings for the Primary 0 drive should be set to "none"or "not installed". In addition, check the CMOS settings for the Primary 1, Secondary 0, andSecondary 1 drives. If any of those drives are not physically present, the corresponding settingsshould be set to "none" or "not installed" as well.If you are still unable to boot from the drive, make sure it has been properly prepared as abootable drive - make sure it has been formatted and has active partitioning set.The SCSI drive is not recognized at full capacity.Make sure the SCSI host adapter's setting for "above 1GB support" is enabled. For drives largerthan 8.4 Gbytes, enable the BIOS' INT13 Extensions.If the drive is reporting less than its full factory capacity to the controller BIOS, it is possible thatthe drive may have been programmed to a smaller capacity (Seagate SCSI drives support achange capacity feature).If this is the case, standard drives may be returned to full capacity (or reprogrammed to anycapacity up to full capacity) using Seagate's SeaTools utility.
The SCSI drive is not performing optimally.Try the following: Make sure your card and motherboard's BIOS are optimally configured for performance. Youmight need to contact the manufacturer of the card for assistance with these options.Check your SCSI cable and the drives' ID, termination, and termination power settings.Make sure the cable is of good quality and is not coiled up inside the computer.Try to route SCSI ribbon cabling away from the power supply.If this is the only device attached internally, set the ID to 0 and terminate the drive.If there are 2 or more devices internally attached to the SCSI cable, set the boot drive to ID 0, setthe other devices to any other unassigned SCSI ID (except 7, which is usually reserved for theSCSI host adapter), and terminate the drive that is physically at the end of the cable.Termination power should be set on both drives to match the requirements of the SCSI hostadapter.The following recommendation is DATA DESTRUCTIVE. Proceeding willERASE ALL DATA FROM THE DRIVE.We recommend that you use the SCSI host adapter's utility to low-level format (or initialize) theSCSI drive. This will help ensure that the drive is properly communicating and optimallysynchronized to the host adapter. If possible, BACKUP the drive(s) before following thisprocedure.1. If this is not possible, and the data is needed, please consult a data recovery service to assist youin recovering your data.2. A low-level format typically takes 45 - 60 minutes per gigabyte. The larger the drive, the longerthe time required for completion.3. DO NOT TERMINATE OR ABORT THE LOW-LEVEL FORMAT! The drive(s) can becomepermanently damaged.After the low-level formats are completed, reboot the computer from a bootable system orrecovery diskette and proceed to prepare the drive for use. In a DOS or Windows 95/98environment:1. Use FDISK to partition the drives as desired. Ensure that the C: partition is a "PRI-DOS,ACTIVE" partition.2. After partitioning the drives, reboot the computer.3. Use FORMAT to high-level format each partition on the SCSI drives.
o Type format X:, where X is the drive letter of the drive you wish to format.o If you want to make the C: partition bootable, add the "/S" parameter to the end of thecommand to transfer the system files. (At the command prompt, type FORMAT C: /S)Each partition should now be formatted to its full capacity, ready to store data.How to turn on or turn off the FireWire or USB External Storage unit to ensure it isrecognized in a Mac system.The following power sequence must be followed for your system to properly detect yourUSB and/or FireWire External Storage unit:When the Mac is OFF:To TURN ON the External Drive and the Mac Computer:1. Plug one end of the interface cable into the drive and the other end into your Mac's FireWire orUSB Port.2. Powering up the External Driveo For External Drives WITHOUT a power switch - connect the power cord into the powerconnectoro For External Drives WITH a power switch - turn the power switch to the ON position.please allow 10 seconds for the drive to power up.3. Power on the Mac.To TURN OFF the Mac and External Drive:1. Power down the Mac2. Powering down the External Driveo For External Drives WITHOUT a power switch - disconnect the power cord from thepower connectoro For External Drives WITH a power switch - turn the power switch to the OFF position.3. Disconnect the FireWire or USB interface cable from the port on the external drive and from theMac (optional).When the Mac is ON:To TURN ON the External Drive:1. Powering up the External Drive
ooFor External Drives WITHOUT a power switch - connect the power cord into the PowerConnectorFor External Drives WITH a power switch - turn the power switch to the ON position.please allow 10 seconds for the drive to power up.2. Plug one end of the interface cable into the drive and the other end into your computer'sFireWire or USB Port.3. Once connected and powered on, the drive will mount on your Mac's Desktop.NOTE: The Icon for a USB External Drive differs from the above image.To TURN OFF the External Drive:1. Drag the External Drive to the Trash.NOTE: The Icon for a USB External Drive differs from the above image.2. Unplug one end of the cable from the drive, then the computer.3. Powering down the External Driveo For External Drives WITHOUT a power switch - disconnect the power cord from thepower connectoro For External Drives WITH a power switch - turn the power switch to the OFF position.4. Disconnect the FireWire or USB interface cable from the port on the external drive and from theMac
Some Seagate external drives, such as the FreeAgent Go for Mac and FreeAgent Desk for Mac, come formatted in MacOS Extended format, which is supported by Mac OS 8.1 and later. Others, which come formatted in NTFS, need to be reformatted in MacOS before you attempt to store dat
Furuncle of external ear. H60.00 Abscess of external ear, unspecified ear. H60.01 Abscess of right external ear. H60.02 Abscess of left external ear. H60.03 Abscess of external ear, bilateral. H60.1 Cellulitis of external ear. Cellulitis of auricle Cellulitis of external auditory canal. H60.10 Cellulitis of external ear, unspecified ear
The MikroTik Fast Path and Conntrack's work together gave the name Fast Track. Fast Track Fast Path extentions Only Ipv4 TCP/UDP (Total Traffic %99) FastTrack management is left to network admin FastTrack can be used on devices with Fast Path support. After the first packet of the connection passing through the router is marked as Fast Track .
Daniel Fast during which they will use this fast to refrain from secular distractions and increase their time in prayer and Bible study. Here are some ways one might conduct a Daniel Fast or a Modified Daniel Fast: FAST SPECIFIC FOOD AND/OR DRINK: This is an accurate representation of the Daniel Fast where Daniel refrained from eating rich food or
FAST FOOD SUGAR SWEETS SMOKING ALCOHOL FAST FOOD SUGAR SWEETS SMOKING ALCOHOL FAST FOOD SUGAR SWEETS SMOKING ALCOHOL FAST FOOD SUGAR SWEETS SMOKING ALCOHOL FAST FOOD SUGAR SWEETS SMOKING ALCOHOL FAST FOOD SUGAR . 2040 if we commit to it being our nation
Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders 41 Genetic counseling, newborn screening and patient support 9 Fatty acid metabolism 18 Epidemiology and genetics 24 Clinical presentation 32 Diagnosis Fill the gap in your knowledge, fast! with Fast Facts - the ultimate medical handbook series FAST FACTS Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders
2.2 Characteristics of FAST-R and Non-FAST-R Teachers Sampled in the Teacher Survey 24 3.1 FAST-R Teachers' Uses and Perceptions of the FAST-R Program: Boston Public Schools, SY 2006-2007 31 3.2 FAST-R and Non-FAST-R Teachers' Perceived Usefulness of and Time Spent on Professional Development: Boston Public Schools, SY 2006-2007 33
6 3-Day Summer Juice Fast thedecadentdetox.com thedecadentdetox.com 3-Day Summer Juice Fast 7 when should you do a juice fast? We recommend a 3-day juice fast at the change of each season, so we've developed four specific programs, for Summer, Fall, Winter, and Spring. Eating in harmony with nature and in keeping with the seasons supports the .
RIP (Routing Information Protocol ) เป็น routing protocol แบบ distance vector . D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
