Simulation Of The Cardiovascular Mechanical System Based .

Volume 5, Issue 7, July – 2020International Journal of Innovative Science and Research TechnologyISSN No:-2456-2165Simulation of the Cardiovascular Mechanical SystemBased on Pressure-Flow Model Rest ConditionDimas Primasatya, Erry Rimawan, Hendi Herlambang, Horas Canman SMagister Management1, Magister Industrial Engineering2,3,4Mercu Buana University, Jakarta State, IndonesiaAbstract:- Non-invasive measurement method has maderapid developments in the field of biomedicalengineering. One of research is impedancecardiography (ICG), which provide information ofpulsation basic. By knowing this kind of measurementtechnique, it will assist inspection of the patient'sphysiological condition with cardiovascular system.This research is aimed to determine the mechanicalcharacteristics of the cardiovascular system in thehuman body such as a wave graph of pressure, flow,and volume, based on pressure–flow model in restcondition, and analyze the simulation results byimplementing state of the physiology cardiovasculardisease. To obtain the wave chart that is modeled by thecardiovascular system using a lumped parametermethod, formulate the differential equations of thepressure–flow dynamics equation for an incompressiblefluid in a segment of a cylindrical elastic tube andsimulate the model using the Simulink toolboxes fromMatlab R2008b.The simulation with lumped parameter methodresulted wave graphics of pressure, flow, and volume ofphysiological state a person in rest condition, the leftventricular pressure is 120 mmHg , right ventricularpressure is 30 mmHg , left ventricular outflow is 800mL / sec and volume in the left ventricle is 160 mL . Byimplementing the simulation have been developed onthe physiological state of cardiovascular disease,hypertension occurs when the arteries resistance R3i 0.61 mmHg s mL with the pressure of the leftventricle is 145 mmHg. For coronary heart condition,ventricular pressure decreased until 82 mmHg in thevalue of the coronary arteries resistance is R3o 0.852mmHg s mL. This research assumed heart haves thecharacter of passive because there is no feedback signalthat can compensate if the pressure in the systemiccirculation is reduced.The research can be concluded that the graph fromsimulation shows the results are not much differentfrom the reference chart, this results indicates that theequation and the simulation was able to reflect on thehuman circulatory physiological circumstances. A littledifferent of a graphic simulation result due todifferences in the parameters and assumptions used.Keywords:CardiovascularSimulation, Pressure, Non-invasive measurement method has made rapiddevelopments in the field of biomedical engineering. Oneof research is impedance cardiography (ICG), whichprovide information of pulsation basic. By knowing thiskind of measurement technique, it will assist inspection ofthe patient's physiological condition with cardiovascularsystem 1.Knowing the non-invasive measurement techniqueswill help in examination of the physiological conditions ofthe patient associated with the system cardiovasculardisease or circulatory system that occurs in the body2.The modeling and simulation carried out aim toimitate a variety a model of the human circulatory system.Expected from this modeling can provide data on thedifferent pathological conditions of humans. And calculatethe required differential equation. The purpose behinddevelopment the model is to get information aboutphysiological phenomena in cycles closed loop-parallelclosed cardiovascular system.In this research, modeling and simulation of thecardiovascular system will built using the simulink toolboxon the Matlab R2008b software. With this modeling andsimulation various graph models will be producedrepresentative about blood pressure, blood flow, and thevolume of blood flowing at blood vessels. The blockdiagram in simulink is also useful for visualizing therelationships that occur in the circulatory system (systemcardiovascular).II.LITERATURE REVIEW Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular system is sometimes called bloodvascular or simply referred to as the circulatory system.The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, which is amuscular pumping device, and a closed system of channelsF Kappel, “A MATHEMATICAL CARDIOVASCULARMODEL WITH PULSATILE AND NON-PULSATILECOMPONENTS,” 2010.2Dyuti Kishorbhai Trivedi, “SIMULATION OF BASEDPRESSURE-FLOW MODEL TO OBTAIN THE ORIGINOF THE ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE CARDIOGRAM”2009.1www.ijisrt.com104

Volume 5, Issue 7, July – 2020International Journal of Innovative Science and Research TechnologyISSN No:-2456-2165called arteries, veins, and capillaries. In the cardiovascularsystem, blood is pumped by the heart flow around a closedcircle or circuit of vessels because through various"circulations" of the body3.The function of circulation is to serve the needs of thenetwork, for transport nutrients to tissues, and to deliverhormones from one part body to other parts of the body.Circulation is divided into systemic circulation andpulmonary circulation. Systemic circulation supplies bloodflow to all body tissues except the lungs, therefore thiscirculation is also called a large circulation or circulationperipheral4. Computational Hemodynamic ModelA strong analogy between electrical circuits andcirculatory fluid systems humans so computing models ofthe cardiovascular system are easily represented in the formof electrical circuits. Blood vessels can be considered ascapacitors with compliance (C, mL/mmHg) that the volumeof blood (V, mL), connected to the resistor (R, mmHg s/mLor PRU) which explains the fluid obstacles faced by flowblood5. Blood Volume, Blood Flow, Blood PressureFor each container, we associate the pressure P (t) andvolume V (t) from blood. Assuming a linear relationshipbetween transmural pressure and total volume, we get Relationship between Pressure, Flow and ResistanceFlow through vessels can be calculated by thefollowing formula, which is called Ohm's Law:where, Q blood flow, R resistance, ΔP pressuredifference (P1 - P2) between the two ends of blood vessels. Compressive Fluid-Flow Dynamic EquationsPressure-flow dynamics for incompressible fluids incylinder segments elastic tube can be described by theequation below: Pressure Flow Model Parameters Lumped(1)Blood flow is described in terms of a mass balanceequation, which is level the change in blood volume V (t)in the compartment is the difference between flow in andout of the compartment. For generic compartments, statedF flow between two compartments can be explainedby Ohm's law. That is, depends on the pressure differencebetween adjacent compartments and at the resistance Rtowards blood flow. Thus will have a relationshipFig 1:- Elements of Hemodynamics of Blood VesselsFigure 1 shows part of the hemodynamic elements ofblood vessels with blood flow coming in from one end and(2) hemodynamicexiting to the other end is an analogy ofvascular elements.The same part can be represented as an electricequivalent circuit as shown in Figure 2. In this model, allblood vessels which is represented by the same section.Combining all of these parts, it is possible to get a lumpedmodel of the complete circulation system.(3)Blood pressure is the strength given by blood againstunit area of the vessel wall. Because of the pumping actionof the heart beating, Arterial pressure varies betweensystolic pressure (120 mmHg) and diastolic pressure (80mmHg) in normal humans6.Rissa Kurnia, “Fakultas kesehatan masyarakat universitassumatera utara medan 2007,” 2009.4Guyton Hall, Fisiologi Kedokteran, Third edit (W.B.Saunders Company publication, 1996).5Zaid Samar, “Cardiovascular Parameter Estimation usinga Computational Model,” 2005.6J T Ottesen, M S Olufsen, dan J K Larsen, “AppliedMathematical Models in Human Physiology,” 2006.3IJISRT20JUL031Fig 2:- Representation of Electric Equivalent Circuits77Eun Bo S Him, Jong Youb S Ah, dan Chan Hyun Y Oun,“Mathematical Modeling of Cardiovascular Systemwww.ijisrt.com105

Volume 5, Issue 7, July – 2020International Journal of Innovative Science and Research TechnologyISSN No:-2456-2165 Hypertension and Coronary Heart DiseaseHigh blood pressure or hypertension, which is anincrease abnormal and continuous blood pressure checksare several times caused by one or more risk factors that arenot working as it should in maintaining blood pressurenormally8. As a result of narrowing of arteries found in theleft atrium then the resistance will increase so that thepressure on the left ventricle will increase which causeshypertension (high blood pressure). The following pressurecriteria Hypertension: systolic pressure (left ventricle) 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure 90 mmHg.Coronary heart disease is a heart disease caused bycoronary artery blockage. Acute blockage occurs becauseof the presence of atheroxchlerotics coronary artery walls,which block blood flow to the heart muscle tissue9. As aresult of narrowing of the coronary vessels, the pressure onthe ventricles the left will decrease which causes the usualhypotension (low blood pressure) cause weakness or get todeath. The following hypotension pressure criteria: systolepressure (left ventricle) 90 mmHg and diastolic pressure 60 mmHg10.III.METHODOLOGY Research MethodsThe research method consists of literature study,observation and interaction, guidance. Figure 3 is aresearch flow chartFig 3:- Research flow chart Model Assumptions and ParametersHere are some of the assumptions in this studybecause considered in accordance with the reference model,namely: The model is intended only to know limited todistribution pressure and flow of the circulatory system(cardiovascular system). Blood flow is a flow of Newtonian characteristics indiameter the walls of blood vessels such as arteries andveins are elastic. Volume without pressure is zero. Just emphasizevolume used in each compartment ie a total of 4600 ml. Heart rate is set at 75 beats per minute (BPM) withsystolic time is 0.3 second and diastolic time 0.5second. "Repeating squence" is used as a capacitance variable torepresent variations of systole and diastole in the model. This model has no relationship with baroreceptors orwith the system central nerve. The time span for the simulation is covered by t 10-15seconds. Modeling and simulation using the help of simulinksoftware toolbox Matlab R2008bDynamics Using a Lumped Parameter Method” 54, no. 6(2004): 545–53.8Kurnia, op. cit.9Raden Sanjoyo, “Sistem kardiovaskuler,” 2005.10S R Pope et al., “Estimation and identification ofparameters in a lumped cerebrovascular model,” n.d.IJISRT20JUL031www.ijisrt.com106

Volume 5, Issue 7, July – 2020International Journal of Innovative Science and Research TechnologyISSN No:-2456-2165Input and output variables can be seen in the following table:Table 1:- Input ParametersTable 2:- Output Parameters Representation of the Circuit ModelFig 4:- Lumped Model Simplified Circulation System Input FunctionThese parameters are in Table 3. These parameters are obtained from McLeod research reference, 1966. And can be used tobuild model in Simulink. Following below are the parameters used in modeling:IJISRT20JUL031www.ijisrt.com107

Volume 5, Issue 7, July – 2020International Journal of Innovative Science and Research TechnologyISSN No:-2456-2165Table 3:- Parameters Used in Modeling11 Input function for right heart (rest condition):Table 4:- Input function for right heart12Fig 5:- Simulink Block Representation ofthe Right Heart Input FunctionFig 6:- Input Function of the Right Heart Input function for left heart (rest condition):Table 5:- Input function for left heart13McLeod J, “Physiological simulation benchmark experiment,” PHYSBE 7 (1966): com108