Redstone Arsenal HAER No. AL-9 ;Huntsville V So ; K .
Redstone Arsenal;Huntsville v so ; k.Madison CountyAlabamaHAER No. AL-9WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATAHistoric American Engineering RecordNational Park ServiceDepartment of the InteriorWashington, D.C. 20013-7127
H A #*/cHISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORDRedstone ArsenalAL-9location:in Madison County, Alabama on the Tennessee River,south of Huntsville.Date of Construction:Established in 1941,Owne r:Department of the ArmySignificance:The present arsenal dates to World War II when thesite served as a chemical munitions manufacturing andassembly center for the Army's chemical and OrdnanceCorps. In 1950, the Ordnance Guided Missle Center wasat the site and Redstone Arsenal became the OrdnanceDepartment's principal center for rocket research anddevelopment. NASA's George C. Marshall Space FlightCenter is located within the boundaries of theArsenal, and its laboratories test stands, andhigh-bay facilities can accomodate space systemcomponents through all stages of development andflight readiness testing.Historical ReportPrepared by:David G. Buchanan and John P. Johnson, 1984.Prepared forTransmittal by:Robie S. Lange, HABS/HAER, 1985.
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page ''EXECUTIVE SUMMARYRedstone Arsenal is the headquarters of the U.S. Army Missile Command(MICOM).It is located on approximately 40,000 acres in northern Alabamanear the town of Huntsville, and has 1,838 buildings including laboratories,flight test ranges, and other specialized buildings and equipment.The presentarsenal dates to World War II when the site served as a chemical munitionsmanufacturing and assembly center for the Army's Chemical and OrdnanceCorps.In 1950, the Ordnance Guided Missile Center was established at thesite and Redstone Arsenal became the Ordnance Department's principalcenter for rocket research and development.Today, Redstone Arsenal isresponsible for managing the Army's missile and rocket program.NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center is located within the boundaries of Redstone Arsenal on 1,840 acres of land leased to NASA by specialagreement with the Army.The facility was established in 1960 and is cur-rently one of NASA's primary centers for aerospace research, design, anddevelopment.The laboratories, test stands, and high-bay facilities at thecenter can accommodate space system components through all stages ofdevelopment and flight readiness testing.The Redstone Rocket Test Stand (Building 4665), located at the MarshallSpace Flight Center, is a Category I historic property listed on the NationalRegister of Historic Places.Several specialized test facilities at the MarshallSpace Flight Center are significant engineering structures associated with thenational space program and are Category II historic properties:Neutral
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page 3Bouyaney Simulator, Solid Rocket Motor Propulsion and Structural Test Facility,Structures and Mechanics Laboratory, Acoustic Model Engine Test Facility,Structural Dynamics Test Facility, Propulsion and Structural Test Facility,and High Reynolds Number Wind Tunnel.properties:Fire Station #3 (Building 7102) and the Harris Residence(Building 8012).Arsenal.There are two Category III historicBoth have local importance to the history of Redstone
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page -JCONTENTSExecutive 4HISTORICAL OVERVIEW12Background12Huntsville Arsenal: Site Development14Gulf Chemical Warfare Depot:21Redstone Ordnance Plant:3.3Site DevelopmentSite Development22Redstone Arsenal: 1949 - Present29Marshall Space Flight Center:Background32Marshall Space Flight Center:Major FacilitiesDescription of33PRESERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS50Background50Category I Historic PropertiesCategory II Historic PropertiesCategory III Historic PropertiesBIBLIOGRAPHY,.,55565762
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page 5PREFACEThis report presents the results of an historic properties survey of RedstoneArsenal, Huntsville, Alabama, including NASA's George C. Marshall SpaceFlight Center.Prepared for the United States Army Materiel Developmentand Readiness Command (DARCOM), the report is intended to assist theArmy in bringing this installation into compliance with the National HistoricPreservation Act of 1966 and its amendments, and related federal laws andregulations.To this end, the report focuses on the identification, evaluation,documentation, nomination, and preservation of historic properties at RedstoneArsenal.Chapter 1 sets forth the survey's scope and methodology; Chapter 2presents an architectural, historical, and technological overview of the installation and its properties; and Chapter 3 identifies significant properties byArmy category and sets forth preservation recommendations.Illustrationsand an annotated bibliography supplement the text.This report is part of a program initiated through a memorandum of agreement between the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, and theU.S. Department of the Army.and has two components:The program covers 74 DARCOM installations1) a survey of historic properties (districts, buildings,structures, and objects), and 2) the development of archeological overviews.Stanley H. Fried, Chief, Real Estate Branch of Headquarters DARCOM,directed the program for the Army, and Dr. Robert J. Kapsch, Chief of theHistoric American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record(HABS/HAER) directed the program for the National Park Service.SallyKress Tompkins was program manager, and Robie S. Lange was project
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page C?manager for the historic properties survey.Technical assistance was pro-vided by Donald C. Jackson.Building Technology Incorporated acted as primary contractor to HABS/HAERfor the historic properties survey.William A. Brenner was BTI's principal-in-charge and Dr. Larry D. Lankton was the chief technical consultant.Majorsubcontractors were the MacDonald and Mack Partnership and Melvyn Greenand Associates.John P. Johnson.The authors of this report were David G. Buchanan andThe authors gratefully acknowledge the help and enthu-siasm of Morris W. Schroder, Environmental Quality Coordinator at RedstoneArsenal.The complete HABS/HAER documentation for these installations will beincluded in the HABS/HAER collections at the Library of Congress, Printsand Photographs Division, under the designations HAER No. AL-9.
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page "7Chapter 1INTRODUCTIONSCOPEThis report is based on an historic properties survey conducted in 1983 of allArmy-owned properties located within the official boundaries of RedstoneArsenal. The survey included the following tasks:Completion of documentary research on the history of the installationand its properties, and general research on the history of 1) chemicalmunitions manufacture in World War II, and 2) NASA space boosterprograms. Completion of a field inventory of all properties at the installation. Preparation of an architectural, historical, and technological overviewfor the installation. Evaluation of historic properties and development of recommendationsfor preservation of these properties.Also completed as a part of the historic properties survey of the installation,but not included in this report, are HABS/HAER Inventory cards for 40 individualproperties.These cards, which constitute HABS/HAER Documentation Level IV,will be provided to the Department of the Army.Archival copies of thecards, with their accompanying photographic negatives, will be transmittedto the HABS/HAER collections at the Library of Congress.The methodology used to complete these tasks is described in the followingsection of this report.
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page 2"METHODOLOGY1.Documentary ResearchThe Redstone Arsenal has a history of chemical munitions manufactureand research and development in the field of rocketry.Research on thedevelopment of the arsenal and on specific aspects of the arsenal'sactivities in World War II and the post-war period was conducted at theLibrary of Congress and at the Historian's and Facilities Engineer'soffices at Redstone.The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, located at the arsenal, isone of NASA's primary centers for the design and development of spacetransportation and orbital systems, and scientific applications and payloads.Background research pertaining to NASA rocket programs was conductedat the Library of Congress and research on specific properties at theMarshall Space Flight Center was conducted through the Master PlanningOffice and the Technical Library of the space flight center.The AlabamaState Historic Preservation Office identified the Redstone Rocket TestStand, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, asthe only historic property at Redstone in their records.Army records used for the field inventory included Real Property Inventory(RPI) printouts that listed all officially recorded buildings and structuresby facility classification and date of construction; the installation'sproperty record cards; base maps and photographs supplied by installationpersonnel; and installation master planning and environmental assessmentand related reports and documents.A complete listing of this documen-tary material may be found in the bibliography.
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page 2.Field InventoryThe field inventory was conducted by David G. Buchanan and John P.Johnson during a one-week period in May 1983.Morris W. Schroder,Environmental Quality Coordinator of Redstone Arsenal, served as thepoint of contact for the survey team and provided base maps, environmental assessment reports, and cultural resources reports.Ron Hagler,also of the Environmental Office, provided assistance and supplied mapsand other documents.Mary Cagle, Historian, MICOM, and Mike Baker,Archivist, supplied installation histories and historic photographs, whichwere invaluable in conducting the inventory and preparing the historicaloverview.Carrie Hensen, Real Property Officer at Redstone Arsenal,provided access to the real property cards.Frank Showalter, Environ-mental and Energy Coordinator, Thiokol Corporation, escorted the surveyteam during its field inventory of Thiokol production areas at RedstoneArsenal.At the Marshall Space Flight Center, Robert G. Sheppard,Director of Management Operations, provided historical materials andfacilitated the inventory by coordinating security and photography procedures.Ramon J. Samaniego, Jr., Master Planning Office, suppliedreal property records, master planning documents, and photographs ofNASA facilities at the space flight center.Field inventory procedures were based on the HABS/HAER Guidelinesfor Inventories of Historic Buildings and Engineering and IndustrialStructures.All areas and properties were visually surveyed.Buildinglocations and approximate dates of construction were noted from theinstallation'sproperty records and field-verified.
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page / 0Field inventory forms were prepared for, and black and white 35 mmphotographs taken of all buildings and structures through 1945 exceptbasic utilitarian structures of no architectural, historical, or technologicalinterest.When groups of similar ("prototypical") buildings were found,one field form was normally prepared to represent all buildings of thattype.Field inventory forms were also completed for representative2post-1945 buildings and structures.Information collected on the fieldforms was later evaluated, condensed, and transferred to HABS/HAERInventory cards.3.Historic OverviewA combined architectural, historical, and technological overview wasprepared from information developed from the documentary research andthe field inventory.It was written in two parts:1) an introductorydescription of the installation, and 2) a history of the installation byperiods of development, beginning with pre-military land uses.Maps andphotographs were selected to supplement the text when appropriate.The objectives of the overview were to 1) establish the periods of majorconstruction at the installation, 2) identify important events and individuals associated with specific historic properties, 3) describe patternsand locations of historic property types, and 4) analyze specific buildingand industrial technologies employed at the installation.4.Property Evaluation and Preservation MeasuresBased on information developed in the historical overviews, propertieswere first evaluated for historical significance in accordance with the
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page Iielegibility criteria for nomination to the National Register of HistoricPlaces.These criteria require that eligible properties possess integrityof location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and assoeia3tion, and that they meet one or more of the following:A.Are associated with events that have made a significant contributionto the broad patterns of our history.B.Are associated with the lives of persons significant in the nation'spast.C.Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or methodof construction, represent the work of a master, possess high artisticvalues, or represent a significant and distinguishable entity whosecomponents may lack individual distinction.D.Have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important inpre-history or history.Properties thus evaluated were further assessed for placement in one offive Army historic property categories as described in Army Regulation420-40:4Category IProperties of major importanceCategory IIProperties of importanceCategory IIIProperties of minor importanceCategory IVProperties of little or no importanceCategory VProperties detrimental to the significance ofof adjacent historic properties/
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page \2Based on an extensive review of the architectural, historical, and technological resources identified on DARCOM installations nationwide, fourcriteria were developed to help determine the appropriate categorizationlevel for each Army property.These criteria were used to assess theimportance not only of properties of traditional historical interest, butof the vast number of standardized or prototypical buildings, structures,and production processes that were built and put into service duringWorld War II, as well as of properties associated with many post-wartechnological achievements.The four criteria were often used in com-bination and are as follows:1)Degree of importance as a work of architectural, engineering, orindustrial design.This criterion took into account the qualitativefactors by which design is normally judged:artistic merit, work-manship, appropriate use of materials, and functionality.2)Degree of rarity as a remaining example of a once widely usedarchitectural, engineering, or industrial design or process.Thiscriterion was applied primarily to the many standardized or prototypical DARCOM buildings, structures, or industrial processes.Themore widespread or influential the design or process, the greaterthe importance of the remaining examples of the design or processwas considered to be.This criterion was also used for non-militarystructures such as farmhouses and other once prevalent buildingtypes.
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page 153)Degree of integrity or completeness.This criterion compared thecurrent condition, appearance, and function of a building, structure,architectural assemblage, or industrial process to its original ormost historically important condition, appearance, and function.Those properties that were highly intact were generally consideredof greater importance than those that were not.4)Degree of association with an important person, program, or event.This criterion was used to examine the relationship of a property toa famous personage, wartime project, or similar factor that lent theproperty special importance.The majority of DARCOM properties were built just prior to or duringWorld War II, and special attention was given to their evaluation.Thosethat still remain do not often possess individual importance, but collectively they represent the remnants of a vast construction undertakingwhose architectural, historical, and technological importance needed tobe assessed before their numbers diminished further.This assessmentcentered on an extensive review of the military construction of the1940-1945 period, and its contribution to the history of World War IIand the post-war A.rmy landscape.Because technology has advanced so rapidly since the war, post-WorldWar II properties were also given attention.These properties wereevaluated in terms of the nation's more recent accomplishments inweaponry, rocketry, electronics, and related technological and scientificendeavors.Thus the traditional definition of "historic" as a property 50
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page J4or more years old was not germane in the assessment of either WorldWar II or post-war DARCOM buildings and structures; rather, the historic importance of all properties was evaluated as completely as possible regardless of age.Property designations by category are expected to be useful for approximately ten years, after which all categorizations should be reviewed andupdated.Following this categorization procedure, Category I, II, and III historicproperties were analyzed in terms of: Current structural condition and state of repair. This informationwas taken from the field inventory forms and photogaphs, and wasoften supplemented by rechecking with facilities engineeringpersonnel. The nature of possible future adverse impacts to the property-Thisinformation was gathered from the installation's master planningdocuments and reehecked with facilities engineering personnel.Based on the above considerations, the general preservation recommendations presented in Chapter 3 for Category I, II, and III historic propertieswere developed.Special preservation recommendations were created forindividual properties as circumstances required.
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page i5 5.Report ReviewPrior to being completed in final form, this report was subjected to anin-house review by Building Technology Incorporated.It was then sentin draft to the subject installation for comment and clearance and, withits associated historical materials, to HABS/HAER staff for technicalreview.When the installation cleared the report, additional draft copieswere sent to DARCOM, the appropriate State Historic PreservationOfficer, and, when requested, to the archeological contractor performingparallel work at the installation.The report was revised based on allcomments collected, then published in final form.NOTES1.Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record,National Park Service, Guidelines for Inventories of Historic Buildingsand Engineering and Industrial Structures (unpublished draft, 1982).2.Representative post-World War II buildings and structures were definedas properties that were: (a) "representative" by virtue of constructiontype, architectural type, function, or a combination of these, (b) ofobvious Category I, II, or III historic importance, or (c) prominent onthe installation by virtue of size, location, or other distinctive feature.3.National Park Service, How to Complete National Register Forms(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 1977).4.Army Regulation 420-40, Historic Preservation (Headquarters, U.S. Army:Washington, D.C., 15 April 1984).K
Redstone ArsenalHAER No. AL-9Page [( Chapter 2HISTORICAL OVERVIEWBACKGROUNDRedstone Arsenal, located near Huntsville, Alabama, is the headquarters ofthe U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM), the major DARCOM subordinatecommand that manages the Army's missile and rocket program.Redstone'smajor responsibilities include research, development, procurement, and continuedsupport of the Army's missile and rocket weapons systems.Occupying approxi-mately 40,000 acres of land, the Arsenal's facilities include administrativebuildings,
development. The laboratories, test stands, and high-bay facilities at the center can accommodate space system components through all stages of development and flight readiness testing. The Redstone Rocket Test Stand (Building 4665), located at the Marshall Space Flight Center, is a Category I historic property listed on the National
Manager Todd Croteau. The historical report was produced by Marc Porter, and edited by Richard O'Connor and Justine Christianson, HAER Historians. Vessel drawings were produced by Todd Croteau, Dana Lockett, and Peter Brooks, HAER Architects. Jet Lowe, HAER photographer, produced large format photographic documentation.
Redstone Arsenal Redstone Arsenal is a 38,000-acre secure U.S. Army complex located in the scenic Tennessee Valley region of north Alabama. The Arsenal is a major federal research, development, test and engineering center and is home to the Army’s missile, missile defense and aviation programs, the Missile Defense Agency,
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United States Army Garrison Redstone Installation Overview Garrison Overview Brief. . Redstone Arsenal –Federal Center of Excellence Logistics Services Research, Development, Test & Engineering Space Operations & Missile Defense Intelligence & Homeland Defense Marci Baker / PAIO / 256 27 March 2019.
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