DC2509A - Gleanergy Multi-Source Energy Harvesting Demo .

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DEMO MANUAL DC2509AGleanergy Multi-SourceEnergy Harvesting Demo Board withBattery Chargers and Life-Extenders for Use withDC2321A Dust Demo Board – No TransducersDescriptionThe DC2509A development platform is a versatile energyharvesting demo board that is capable of accepting solar,thermal, and piezoelectric energy sources or any highimpedance AC or DC source. The board contains fourindependent power circuits consisting of the followingEH ICs:The board hosts groups of switches, jumpers, and resistors which allow its operation be configured in variousways. As a result, the system is very customizable andcan be modified to meet the user’s needs. This compatibility makes it a perfect evaluation tool for any low powerenergy harvesting system.LTC 3106 – 300 mA, Low Voltage Buck-Boost Converter with PowerPath and 1.5μA Quiescent CurrentPlease refer to the individual IC data sheets for the operation of each power management circuit. The applicationsection of this demo manual describes the system levelfunctionality of this board and the various ways it can beused in early design prototyping.nnnnnLTC3107 – Ultralow Voltage Energy Harvester andPrimary Battery Life ExtenderLTC3330 – Nanopower Buck-Boost DC/DC with EnergyHarvesting Battery Life ExtenderLTC3331 – Nanopower Buck-Boost DC/DC with EnergyHarvesting Battery ChargerLTC2935-2 – Ultralow Power Supervisor with PowerFail Output Selectable ThresholdsThe board is designed to connect to the DC2321A, a Dustmote wireless sensor node demo board which monitorsthe batteries and the status signals of each IC.Design files for this circuit board are available athttp://www.linear.com/demo/DC2509AL, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks andPowerPath is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are theproperty of their respective owners.Board PhotoEach energy harvesting circuit on DC2509A hosts inputturrets for connecting solar panels, thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric devices, or any other high impedancesource.As a backup power supply, the board holds a primary battery and a secondary battery which can be easily routedto any of the applicable ICs.Figure 1. DC2509Adc2509af1

DEMO MANUAL DC2509ATable of ContentsDescription. 1Board Photo. 1Board Layout Organization Diagram. 3Specifications. 4Assembly Drawing. 5Quick Start Procedure. 7Optional Continuation with Any Transducer. 8Operation Overview. 9Block Diagrams.10Source Routing Flowcharts.11Battery Routing Guide.14Application.15Switch Functions. 17LTC3106: Solar Energy Harvester with Primary or Secondary Batteries. 19LTC3107: TEG Energy Harvester with Primary Battery. 20LTC3330: Hi-Z AC, Piezoelectric, and Solar Energy Harvester with Primary Battery. 21LTC3331: Hi-Z AC, Piezoelectric, and Solar Energy Harvester with Secondary Battery. 22LTC2935-2 Power Switch Circuit. 23Signal Buffering. 24Status Signal Selection. 24DC9003A-B Integration. 25Ceramic Capacitor Storage. 25Supercap Storage and Active Balancer. 25Power Selection Diodes. 26Configuration Tables.28LTC2935-2. 28LTC3106. 28LTC3330. 28LTC3331. 280Ω Resistor Jumper Functions. 30Transducers.31Solar Cells. 31TEG . 31Piezoelectric or High-Z AC Input. 32Parts List.33Schematic Diagram.362dc2509af

DEMO MANUAL DC2509ABoard Layout Organization DiagramFigure 2. Board Layout Organization Diagramdc2509af3

DEMO MANUAL C3107ICLTC3330CONDITIONSMINBackup PowerSource Available0.33BackupPower 5VSet Using R6-R9, See Table 102.0744VSet Using R10-R13, See Table 11VIN30500mVVOUTVBAT – 0.23VBAT – 0.03VInput to TransformerMin Battery Powering LoadMax EH Powering LoadVAC1&VAC2419VIAC1&IAC2–5050mAVOUT1.83.35VSet Using R20-R25, See Table 1443761817VSet Using R38-R45, See Table 163.3Set Using R26-R31, See Table 12RisingFallingLDO 3761817VVFLOAT3.454.04.2VSet Using R52-R57, See Table 13VLBD2.042.703.20VVLBC BAT IN2.353.033.53VVLBC BAT OUT3.023.704.20VSee LTC3331 Data Sheet forMore Information About DEFAULTUVLODefault RisingDefault FallingPrimaryVoltage(Note 1)3.0833.8VSecondaryVoltage(Note apEnergyCapacity2.3mJ37.9mJEHVCC 3.3VSet Using R46-R51, See Table 14Replace Battery Below Min Levelor Modify Circuit ConfigurationBetween 3.3V and the Default2.25V LTC2935-2 FallingThresholdThe “Typical/Default” column shows data corresponding to the factory configuration of the board where all 0Ω resistors are in their default positions.The min/max columns show the minimum or maximum allowable levels.Note 1: Because the output voltage of the LTC3107 is dependent on thebattery voltage, VOUT LTC3107 will be too low to reach the default 2.85Vground-switching threshold if the primary battery is below 3.08V. Refer tothe LTC2935-2 Power Switch Circuit section to modify this threshold, orreplace the battery.4Note 2: If the secondary battery voltage is below the default 3.03V BAT INconnect threshold of the LTC3331, it cannot be connected internally tothe IC to be used as a backup source. The battery can still be chargedin this state if EH power is available. Alternatively, the connect threshold(VLBC BAT IN) can be changed according to Table 13 or the battery can bereplaced.dc2509af

DEMO MANUAL DC2509AAssembly DrawingFigure 3. DC2509A Top Assembly Drawingdc2509af5

DEMO MANUAL DC2509AAssembly DrawingFigure 4. DC2509A Bottom Assembly Drawing6dc2509af

DEMO MANUAL DC2509AQuick Start ProcedureReference designators for jumpers and default positionsfor 0Ω resistors are listed on the assembly drawing. Reference designators for 0Ω resistors are listed in Figure 20.1) All 0Ω resistors should be in their default position (seeFigure 4, default resistors have dots). Verify that thejumpers and switches are also in their default settingas follows:Table 1. Default Jumper/Switch SITIONJP1 – JP4Shunt on JP3JP5 – JP8(Not Installed)JP17Shunt on JP17BJP18Shunt on JP18CJP19SHIPJP20OFFSW1EHVCCSW2PRISW4OFFSW7OFF2) This configuration ensures that the output of theLTC3330 is routed to EHVCC. As shown in Figure 5,connect VM1 to measure the EHVCC output voltage andconnect PS1 and R1 to simulate a solar power source.3) Output power from PS1 and observe that the voltageon VM1 is rising to, or regulated at, 3.3V.4) Connect VM2 and LOAD1 as shown in Figure 5. PutPS1 into standby mode and observe the voltage onVM1 and VM2 begin to drop. As the voltage on VM1drops past 2.25V, observe as the voltage on VM2quickly falls to 0V.5) Output power from PS1 and observe the voltage onVM2 quickly rise to the voltage on VM1 as VM1 risespast 2.85V.6) Put PS1 into standby mode, then set SW7 “ON”and install JP7 to connect the primary battery to theLTC3330. Observe as the voltage on both voltmetersquickly rises to 3.3V and regulates.7) Output power from PS1 and observe that there is nochange in output voltage as the IC switches from using battery power to using power from PS1 throughits energy harvesting input.Figure 5. Setup for DC2509A Test Procedure with LTC3330dc2509af7

DEMO MANUAL DC2509AQuick Start Procedure8) Reconfigure the board according to Figure 6:a) Move the shunt from JP3 to JP2 in order to routethe LTC3107’s output to the load. Move the shuntfrom JP7 to JP6 in order to power the LTC3107from the primary battery.b) Move the positive lead of VM2 to the shunt onJP6 in order to measure the voltage of the primarybattery. Move the negative lead to BGND.c) Connect PS2 and R2 to the input of the LTC3107to simulate a TEG power source.9) Observe the voltage on VM1 and VM2. The voltageon VM1 should be approximately 230mV below thevoltage of VM2.10) Output power from PS2. Observe the voltage on VM1rise to 30mV below the voltage on VM2 as the LTC3107powers the load through its energy harvesting input.11) Put PS2 into standby mode and observe the voltageon VM1 fall to approximately 230mV below the voltage of VM2 as the LTC3107 powers the load from itsbackup battery.Optional Continuation with Any TransducerThe source routing flowcharts (Figure 9 to Figure 11) showhow to configure the board for use with any energy harvesting transducer. A user can follow these routing guides toevaluate ICs with any transducer connected to the energyharvesting input turrets on the right side of the board.Note: IC configurations such as the UVLO windows of theLTC3330 and LTC3331 may need to be changed for usewith custom transducers. Refer to Tables 8-15.1) Reconfigure the board according to Figure 5, but donot connect PS1 or R1.2) Decide which transducer type to use and find the appropriate flowchart. Start at the left of the flowchartand choose settings until a box in the “Configure DemoBoard” section is reached.3) Configure all jumpers and switches listed in the appropriate box. Any jumpers or switches that are not listedin the box are irrelevant for the chosen configuration.4) Power the energy harvesting transducer and observethe voltage on VM1 and VM2 which should be near3.3V by default (less for LTC3107).Figure 6. Setup for DC2509A Test Procedure with LTC31078dc2509af

DEMO MANUAL DC2509AOperation OverviewThe function of the DC2509A is to provide a low-powerwireless application, such as a wireless sensor node,with an uninterrupted power supply which uses as muchharvested energy as is available to extend the life of aprimary or secondary battery.The energy harvesting input turrets allow harvested energyto be routed to the input of each IC, and the batteries serveas a backup supply which can be charged or unused ifenergy from the transducers is sufficient to power the load.The four energy-harvesting ICs switch between thesesources, using all available harvested energy and as muchbackup energy as is needed to keep a regulated output.A supercapacitor and a bank of ceramic capacitors are ableto be connected to the board’s output in order to storeenergy, smooth the output, and provide large pulses ofcurrent to the load. This helps to ensure that power remainsuninterrupted for pulsed loads such as data transmissionevents on a wireless sensor node.An LTC2935-2 low-power manager IC monitors the outputvoltage and switches the ground on the header (HGND)so that it is connected to the ground reference for therest of the DC2509A (BGND). This completes the circuitand ensures that the load receives a quickly-rising powersupply and also that energy storage is able to gather sufficient energy for the required application before the loadbegins taking power.For use with the DC2321A demo application, DC2509Aadditionally passes buffered IC status signals through theoutput header. Both batteries can also be routed throughcoulomb counters on DC2321A and back to DC2509A topower the ICs; this allows the voltage, current, and chargeof the batteries to be monitored.Figure 7. DC2509A Simplified Block Diagramdc2509af9

DEMO MANUAL DC2509ABlock DiagramsFigure 8. DC2509A Block Diagram10dc2509af

DEMO MANUAL DC2509ASource Routing FlowchartsFigure 9. Solar Energy Harvesting Selection and Routing Flowchartdc2509af11

DEMO MANUAL DC2509ASource Routing FlowchartsFigure 10. Thermal Energy Harvesting Selection and Routing Flowchart12dc2509af

DEMO MANUAL DC2509ASource Routing FlowchartsFigure 11. Piezoelectric/High-Impedance AC Energy Harvesting Selection and Routing Flowchartdc2509af13

DEMO MANUAL DC2509ABattery Routing GuideTable 2 shows how to route any given power source to allapplicable ICs. Applying the correct configuration for eachcase will ensure that the output of the source is routedto the input of the IC but, in order to route the output ofthe IC to the board output (EHVCC), a shunt must stillbe installed on the appropriate output-selection jumper(JP1-JP4). In order to monitor the status outputs of theIC using the EH ON and PGOOD turrets, the shunts onJP17 and JP18 must also be installed accordingly.Table 2. Battery Routing GuideBATTERYDESTINATIONCONFIGURATIONPrimary BatteryLTC3106SW7 “ON”SW2 “PRI”JP5 ONLTC3107SW7 “ON”JP6 ONLTC3330SW7 “ON”JP7 ONLTC3106SW7 “ON”SW2 “SEC”JP5 ONLTC3331SW7 “ON”SW2 “PRI”JP8 ONJP19 “RUN”Secondary BatteryPush PB1orApply EH*14NOTESThe primary battery can powermultiple ICs simultaneously.The secondary battery can onlypower one IC at a time. Using SW2,it can be connected to either theLTC3106 or the LTC3331.*To connect using PB1 or EH, thebattery voltage must be above thePB1 or EH threshold, respectively(listed in Table 12). The defaultthresholds are 3.7V for PB1 and3.03V for EH.dc2509af

DEMO MANUAL DC2509AApplicationJumper FunctionsJP1: Power selection jumper used to route the LTC3106output to the load.JP2: Power selection jumper used to route the LTC3107output to the load.JP3: Power selection jumper used to route the LTC3330output to the load.JP4: Power selection jumper used to route the LTC3331output to the load.JP5: Battery selection jumper used to route the selectedbattery to VSTORE on the LTC3106. The LTC3106 iscompatible with both primary and secondary batteries.SW2 is used to choose which battery is active. If thesecondary battery is chosen to power the LTC3106, theLTC3331 cannot be powered by any battery. However, ifthe primary battery is chosen to power the LTC3106, theLTC3331 can be powered by the secondary battery.JP6: Battery selection jumper used to route the primarybattery to VBAT on the LTC3107.JP7: Battery selection jumper used to route the primarybattery to BAT on the LTC3330.JP8: Battery selection jumper used to route the secondarybattery to BAT IN on the LTC3331. Note that if SW2 isset to connect the secondary battery to the LTC3106, thesecondary battery cannot be connected to the LTC3331.JP17B: Routes the LTC3330 EH ON signal to the EH ONturret and the Dust Header EH ON output.JP17C: Routes the LTC3331 EH ON signal to the EH ONturret and the Dust Header EH ON output.JP18A: Routes the LTC3106 PGOOD signal to the PGOODturret and the dust header.JP18B: Routes the LTC2935-2 PGOOD signal to the PGOODturret and the dust header. The LTC3017 does not inherently generate its own PGOOD signal, so an LTC2935-2monitors its output to create a PGOOD signal.JP18C: Routes the LTC3330 PGOOD signal to the PGOODturret and the dust header.JP18D: Routes the LTC3331 PGOOD signal to the PGOODturret and the dust header.JP19: Selects the battery storage mode for the secondarybattery connected to the LTC3331. In SHIP mode, thebattery disconnect switch is forced off to ensure there isno drain on the battery. For operation with the secondarybattery, RUN mode must be enabled.JP20: Selects the charging mode for the secondary battery connected to the LTC3331. The charger can be set toOFF (battery life-extension only), CHRG for a slow charge,or FAST CHRG for a faster charge using the LTC3331’sexternal charging circuitry.JP21A-JP21B: Storage for unused jumpers.JP17A: Routes the LTC3107 BAT OFF signal to the EH ONturret and the Dust Header EH ON output.dc2509af15

DEMO MANUAL DC2509AApplicationTable 3. Jumper FunctionsGROUPREFERENCEFUNCTIONJP1-JP4Route IC outputto board output(EHVCC) andheaderJP5-JP8JP17JP18JP19-JP2016Connect ICs totheir respectivebatteriesRoute EH ONsignal to turretand dust headerRoute PGOODsignal to turretand dust headerLTC3331operationINDIVIDUALREFERENCE FUNCTIONJP1Send VOUT from LTC3106 to output and header.JP2Send VOUT from LTC3107 to output and header.JP3Send VOUT from LTC3330 to output and header.JP4Send VOUT from LTC3331 to output and header.JP5Power LTC3106 from currently selected battery.JP6Power LTC3107

The energy harvesting input turrets allow harvested energy to be routed to the input of each IC, and the batteries serve as a backup supply which can be charged or unused if energy from the transducers is sufficient to power the load. The four energy-harvesting ICs switch between these sources, using all available harvested energy and as much .

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