Sorting Out Soils Activity Pack - Garden Organic

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Sorting Out Soils Activity PackKey stage: 2Learning Outcomes:Year: Year 3Pupils will learn more about soil - makingobservations, gathering and recording information(data).Curriculum link: Science: nutrients arerequired by plants for growth,soils are made fromrocks/organic matter,investigation, observationLiteracy; note takingArt; observational drawingPupils will identify what different types of soil aremade of.Pupils will investigate the impact of humans on theenvironment – positive and negativeThey will also learn that soil is the source for food.Finally, in a cooking session pupils will make a ‘soillayers salad’ out of grains and vegetables.Activity 1: Comparing SoilsActivity Length: 45 -60 minutesResources Trowel (1)Containers (4, shoebox-sized)Hand lenses or other magnifying tools“Sensory Soil” worksheetTeaching Activity1.2.3.4.5.V1.1Take a walk around the school to collect soil samples from three or four different areasthat seem to have different soils (playground, garden bed, near a path, under a tree, etc).When the class returns to the gathering place, divide students into four groups each withone of the soil samples. Provide each group with a hand lens (or other magnifying tool)and a “Sensory Soil” worksheet to record how their soil sample looks (colour, grain size,etc.), smells, and feels.Allow students to rotate through the four stations (providing a new “Sensory Soil” sheet foreach station), so they can record their observations of each.Get students to compare the different samples – what differences, similarities or changescan they see?Ask students to feedback to the group on what they have observed.

Sensory Soil WorksheetHow does the soil .Write down where thesample was taken fromSample 1Sample 2Look?Draw what you can see.What colour are thegrains?How big are the grains?Smell?How would youdescribe the smell?Feel?How would youdescribe the texture?What else did you findin your soil sample?2Sample 3

Activity 2 - Investigate soil types using the water methodActivity Length: 10 minutes - 1 hourResources Some different soil samples – pupils could bring in some from home as well asfrom different places in your school groundsSome observation pots or jam jars with lidsWaterTape measure/ruler‘Know your soil’Teaching Activities1.Ask students to half fill the jam jars with the soil they want to investigate, cover withwater and put the lid back on tight. Shake for at least 5 minutes. Sit the jar downon a steady surface and leave to settle.2.After at least an hour, look at the levels of the soil in the jars. Ask students toidentify the clay, silt, sand and organic content of each jam jar.Clay soils are heavy, high in nutrients, wet and cold in winter and baked dry insummerSandy soils are light, dry, warm, low in nutrients and often acidicSilt soils are fertile, light but moisture-retentive, and easily compactedLoams are mixtures of clay, sand and silt that avoid the extremes of each typePeat soils are very high in organic matter and moistureChalky soils are very alkaline and may be light or heavy.Extension ActivityHow well do you think a plant would grow in this soil?How could you improve it to help plants grow better?3

Activity 3 - Investigate soil types using the hand methodActivity Length: 45 minutesResources A handful of different soil type for each person: clay soil, sandy soil, loamy soil and areference soilThe Soil Hand Texture ChartPaper, pencils, rulers for designing recording sheetTeaching Activity1.Take a handful of soil and add a little water until it is workable2.Using the chart, follow the instructions to find out what type of soil you have.3.Choose a way to record what you have found – What data do you need to collect? Whatobservations have you made?4.Ask students to share their findings with the class and explain how they recorded these.Extension ActivityIf you have carried out the water test did you get the same results? Why do you think this is?Is the soil ideal for growing? Explain your reasoning for this.4

Activity 4: Investigate soil types by digging a small trial holeActivity Length: 45-60 minsResources A spadeA rulerA carrier bag or piece of hessianThe Soil Investigation - digging worksheet.Teaching Activity1.Take the spade and dig a small hole in some grass that has been compacted by foot traffic.The sides need to be the width of the spade and approximately 25-20cm deep [just overthe depth of the spade].2.As you dig, put the soil that you remove onto the bag or hessian, so that you can put itback in the right layers. Keep the surface, topsoil and any subsoil separate as you dig.3.Record your observations on the worksheet.4.Repeat the process in another area that has been mulched (had something added toimprove it or keep it warm) for at least two years.5.Discuss with the students the difference between the two holesRemember to put back the soil in the right order once you have finished your observations tohelp the creatures and organisms that live in different layers of the soil.Extension ActivityDiscuss what the differences are and consider why this might be.5

The Soil Investigation – Digging WorksheetSoil organismsMeasure the animal life in your soil for 4 minutes. Note downevery thing that you see in that time. Record it below:Compacted soilMulched ther bugs.Soil depthMeasure with a ruler the depth of the topsoil and any changes insoil types. Record it below:Compacted soilMulched soilSurface depthTopsoil depthSubsoil depthSensory observationObserve the colour, texture, smell of the soils. Make notes tocompare. Notice how the soil aggregates [stays in clumps] or if itis dusty, powdery, or muddy.Compacted soilColourTextureSmellMoistureOther6Mulched soil

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1. Take a walk around the school to collect soil samples from three or four different areas that seem to have different soils (playground, garden bed, near a path, under a tree, etc). 2. When the class returns to the gathering place, divide students into four groups each with one of the soil samples.

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