Diabetes Curriculum - Valleywise Health

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Diabetes CurriculumWhat is Diabetes?My PyramidFood Guide PyramidNutrition Facts Label ActivityHow to Read a Nutrition Facts LabelDecode ThisDiabetes Concentration GameEating Good for Better HealthFruit and Vegetable Color ChartFruit and Vegetable MatchingImportance of Physical ActivityMy Favorite Physical ActivitiesPhysical ActivityJump Rope RhymesNutrition and Exercise Web Resources

What is Diabetes?What is Diabetes?Most of the food that we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, which our bodies then use for energy.The pancreas is an organ near the stomach that makes a hormone called insulin, which helps glucose getinto the body’s cells. Diabetes is a disease in which the body can’t make or use insulin properly. In diabetes,glucose can’t get into the cells to be used for energy so it stays in the bloodstream. The level of glucose, orsugar, in the blood then becomes higher than normal. High blood glucose levels are dangerous and can easilycause a number of health related problems.There are two major types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is when the body doesn’t makeenough insulin. Type 2 diabetes is when the body doesn’t respond properly to insulin. Type 2 is much morecommon and can be prevented. There is evidence that diabetes is genetic, meaning that a child who getsdiabetes most likely has at least one parent who already has the disease. Most people who develop Type 2diabetes are overweight. Excess fat and inactivity reduce the body’s ability to respond to insulin. Increasingactivity and losing weight can prevent type 2 diabetes. Children and teens with diabetes are also more likely todevelop other health issues, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Long-term complications ofdiabetes include stroke, kidney damage, heart disease, and blindness.Symptoms of DiabetesSome symptoms of diabetes are very dry skin, sudden vision changes, unexplained weight loss, soresthat are slow to heal, extreme hunger or thirst, and frequent urination. Stomach pains, nausea, and vomitingmay also be symptoms.Treatment for DiabetesIt’s best to prevent type 2 diabetes by exercising, healthy eating, and maintaining a healthy weight.The basic treatment for both types of diabetes is healthy eating and plenty of physical activity. For people withtype 1 diabetes, blood glucose levels must be closely monitored through frequent testing and insulin injectionsare required. Some people with type 2 diabetes need pills and occasionally insulin injections. Healthy eatinghelps maintain a normal body weight that allows the body to grow and develop. Smaller portions, eating nonfried foods and avoiding beverages full of sugar are also important. For help in creating nutritious meals, thefood pyramid should be used. Exercise burns calories and increases the body’s response to insulin.Diabetes is treatable, but requires responsibility and awareness each and every day.

What is Diabetes?Name:Directions: Using the worksheet What is Diabetes, choose the best answer to the following questions. Besure to consider key words. 1)Inactivity is another name for:A)exercising indoorsB)little or no exerciseC)eating too muchD)being highly excited2)Which of the following words means genetic?A)Burns caloriesB)NauseaC)InheritedD)Stroke3)Dry skin and weight loss are:A)Symptoms of DiabetesB)Treatments for DiabetesC)Long-term complications of Diabetes4)Lemons are to oranges as sugar is to:A)HormonesB)SaltC)GlucoseD)Juice5)Healthy eating is a one treatment for diabetes:6)Kidney damage and heart disease are examples of .7)Glucose is used by the body and turned into .TRUEFALSEA fact is something known to be true. An opinion is something thought to be true. Circle Fact or Opinion foreach sentence below.8)Diabetes is a disease that involves blood sugar levels.FACTOPINION9)All overweight people will get Diabetes.FACTOPINION10)The pancreas creates a hormone called insulin.FACTOPINION11)Maintaining a normal body weight is important.FACTOPINION

*Selection TipsChoose lean or low-fat meat and poultry. If higher fat choices are made, such as regular groundbeef (75 to 80% lean) or chicken with skin, the fat in the product counts as part of thediscretionary calorie allowance. Click here for more details on discretionary calories.If solid fat is added in cooking, such as frying chicken in shortening or frying eggs in butter orstick margarine, this also counts as part of the discretionary calorie allowance. Click here formore details on discretionary calories.Select fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, trout, and herring, more often (See Whyis it important to include fish, nuts, and seeds?).Liver and other organ meats are high in cholesterol. Egg yolks are also high in cholesterol, butegg whites are cholesterol-free.Processed meats such as ham, sausage, frankfurters, and luncheon or deli meats have addedsodium. Check the ingredient and Nutrition Facts label to help limit sodium intake. Fresh chicken,turkey, and pork that have been enhanced with a salt-containing solution also have addedsodium. Check the product label for statements such as “self-basting” or “contains up to % of”, which mean that a sodium-containing solution has been added to the product.Sunflower seeds, almonds, and hazelnuts (filberts) are the richest sources of vitamin E in thisfood group. To help meet vitamin E recommendations, make these your nut and seed choicesmore often.

Food guide PyramidLesson PlanState Standard Addressed: 1 CH-E8 PO2Objective: Using the food guide pyramid, the students will be able to construct a healthy breakfast, lunch, anddinner menu using at least one serving from each food group.Materials: Food Guide Pyramid handoutGrade Level: 4 – 6Activity: The Food Guide Pyramid is an outline of what to eat each day based on dietary guidelines. Thevitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and protein they provide are needed to maintain healthy weight. Theamount of food that counts as one serving is listed below. Divide students into groups of 2 or 3. Afterdiscussing the Food Pyramid and its function, allow each group to construct one day’s menu includingbreakfast, lunch, and dinner.Practice:1. Review food groups and portions with the students.2. Divide students into groups of 2 or 3. Inform them they will design a menu for one day includingbreakfast, lunch, dinner and a beverage. Encourage creativity.3. Provide time for students to work. As students finish, identify which of the food groups each of theingredients belongs to.Closure: As a class, make a cookbook. Discuss the menus and share the groups’ meal ideas. Have studentsedit and make a final copy on special paper or computer and turn in to you. With student input, design anattractive cover, laminate pages, and bind. Display the cookbook in the classroom during conference or in thelibrary for the rest of the school to enjoy.Assessment:1. Have students identify which food group each ingredient in their menu belongs to.2. Determine if each menu includes at least one item from each food group.

Food Guide Pyramid ActivityPartner Names:Directions: Using the Food Pyramid, construct balanced meals for breakfast, lunch and dinner.* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *BREAKFASTLUNCHDINNER

Nutrition Facts Label ActivityName:Directions: Cut out and bring in the nutrition facts label from an already used food package in your home.Using the label, answer the following questions. When finished, staple the nutrition label to this paper.* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *1. What type of food is your label for?2. How many grams (g) of carbohydrates does it contain?3. Does your food contain vitamin C? If yes, how much?4. How many grams (g) of protein does it contain?5. What is the serving size for your label?6. What is the % Daily Value for cholesterol ?7. How many grams of fat are in this food/8. How many milligrams (mg) of sodium does it contain?9. After reading this label, do you think this food is a healthy choice/10. Briefly describe why reading labels is important to a healthy lifestyle.

How to Read a Nutrition Facts LabelNutrition labels, found on the back of all food packaging, gives us the knowledge to choose the bestfood for health, energy and life. By studying nutrition labels and becoming familiar with their content andmeaning, you will be able to better choose which foods are healthy for you and which foods you should avoid.Serving sizesare expressed infamiliar units,such as cups orpieces, followedby the number ofgrams (g) in thatparticular food.They tell you theamount of foodtypically eaten atone time.Carbohydratesgive you energyto think andenergy to helpyou move yourmuscles.Caloriesprovide ameasure ofhow muchenergy you getfrom a servingof food.Proteins helprepair tissuesand buildstrongmuscles.The % of DailyValue informsyou how muchone servingcounts towardyour totalneeds for theday. PercentDaily Valuesare based on a2000 caloriediet.Calcium is amineral thatbuilds strongbones andteeth.Below theblack bar,vitamins andminerals (andtheir % DailyValues) arelisted.

8 ounces of Apple Juice

Decode ThisDirections: Decipher the code below using the words and symbols. Good Luck!A B C@ D E F Gℵ?H# I & ?# # K Lϑ - - ?ϑ?- J #M N O P - * Q R%S-T?U V W&- % ϑ ℵ - X -Y*Z!

Diabetes Concentration GameLesson PlanState Standard Addressed: 1CH-E3 PO 2; 2CH-E1 PO 2; 7CH-E2 PO 2Objective: Given a set of diabetes related picture and word cards, the students will be able to identify anddistinguish the different terms associated with diabetes.Materials: 2 copies of Diabetes Concentration cards per group of 2 students (heavy tag board works best).Grade Level: 4-6Activity: 1) Using the Diabetes Overview, review with the class important terms related to diabetes, itssymptoms and its treatment 2) Give each group of two students 2 copies of Diabetes Concentration and havethem carefully cut them out 3) Instruct the students that they will learn the names and definitions of words andobjects related to diabetes 4) Have the students shuffle their cards and lay them picture side down on the flooror table 5) The students take turns flipping over one card, followed by one more in hopes of matching the firstcard. Each time they flip a card over they must say the name on the card. If the second card does not matchthe first they must turn the cards face down and it is then the next person’s turn. If the student gets a matchingpair they keep that pair and may repeat their turn until they do not have a matching pair. 6) Play until all thecards have been matched. Students with most matched pairs wins!Assessment: After playing several times, have students construct eight complete sentences correctly usingthe diabetes-related definitions. Class may share answers upon completion.

These cards will be on the left hand side of the playing surface face IONSEXERCISEINJECTIONSRESPONSIBILITYFRUITS BEVERAGESREGULARCHECKUPS

These cards will be on the right hand side of the playing surface face down.A disease that affects how thebody uses glucoseA sugar our body uses forenergyOrgan that makes thehormone insulinHormone produced by thepancreasSubstance created by thebody’s organsCarries needed minerals andnutrients throughout the bodyAn indication of a disease orother disorderOccurring among members ofa familyA persons normal weightaccording to their height andagePassive or not movingNegative things that can occurfrom diabetesBodily training for theimprovement of healthIntroduced into the body by asyringeHaving reliability ordependabilityApples, oranges, broccoli,carrotsGood source of fiberMilk, yogurt, cheeseFood groups of a healthy dietThe energy value of foodWater, low fat milk, no sodaVisit your doctor often

Eating Well for Better HealthEating healthy is vital to living a long life and avoiding many of the diseases that someone older or inpoor shape may experience. Fruits and vegetables are an important part of staying healthy and fit as you age.They help in the fight against cancer, heart disease, cataracts and diabetes complications. Most fruits andvegetables are available throughout the year, but can be more expensive when not in season. Five to nineservings are recommended each day. Frozen produce or dried fruits are just as nutritious as fresh. They arealso convenient and are usually better priced than off-season produce. Remember that it is important to washall fruits and vegetables before eating them.Learning to snack healthy is also essential to good fitness. Avoiding foods and beverages high in sugarand fat content is vital. Instead of a cookie or candy bar after school, try grabbing an apple, a peach, or a bowlof grapes. Raw veggies with low fat dip are also tasty. Dried fruits, nuts and dry cereal, along with berries,melon, or peaches in your yogurt or cottage cheese are also good. Chopped vegetables with your scrambledeggs are delicious in the morning along with 100% orange juice or cranberry juice. Soda, even diet, just isn’tvery healthy. You can also make a smoothie with fresh, frozen or canned fruit. Baked or mashed sweetpotatoes instead of white potatoes are a good choice. For meat, potatoes, and fish use fresh lime juice toseason instead of salt or pepper. Remember it’s your body. If you don’t take care of it, where will you live?

Eating Well for Better HealthName:Directions: Using the attached worksheet, place the correct answer in the blank.1)A smoothie can be made from , or fruit.2)How many servings of fruits and vegetables are recommended each day?3)Most fruits and vegetables are available throughout the year:4)What is a good substitute for a cookie or a candy bar?TRUEFALSE5)Before eating any fruits and vegetables, you should always them.6)Eating fruits and vegetables help fight against many things. Name two.7)Diet pop is a good substitute for water:TRUEFALSE8)In your own words, tell why a healthy lifestyle is important.

Fruit and Vegetable Color ChartEating 5 to 9 servings of fruits and vegetables each day may help reduce your risk of cancer, heart disease,diabetes, and other conditions associated with aging. Depending on their color, some fruits and vegetableshelp us in different ways. Healthy eating and regular exercise are a winning combination for a long andvigorous life!REDRed grapes, cherries, tomatoes, radishes, beets, peppers, raspberries, strawberries, red-skin apples,cranberries, pink grapefruitRed protects your heart and memory and may protect against some cancers.GREENAsparagus, peas, spinach, avocados, green grapes, kiwi, limes, cabbage, green beans, celery, peppers,zucchini, green apples, honeydew melon, broccoli, Romaine lettuceGreen fruits and vegetables protect our eyes from cataracts, build strong bones and teeth, and may protect youfrom some cancers.PURPLE-BLUERaisins, blackberries, blue potatoes, eggplant, peppers, blueberries, dried plums, purple/black grapesPurple-blue helps you with memory, may protect against some cancers, and helps you to age gracefully.WHITEPotatoes, garlic, white peaches or nectarines, bananas, cauliflower, mushrooms, onions, turnipsWhite fruits and vegetables help you have a healthy heart and may help you avoid some cancers.YELLOW-ORANGECarrots, corn, cantaloupe, yellow-skin apples, oranges, peaches, pineapples, mangos, lemons, tangerines,pumpkin, peppers, sweet potatoes, apricots, grapefruit, papayas, yellow pears, butternut squashYellow-orange promotes a healthy heart and immune system and may reduce the risk of some cancers.

Fruit and Vegetable MatchingDirections: Using the fruit and vegetable color chart, list the fruits and vegetables beneath their correct colorcategory. Once you have five words in each category, place a number listing where the word fallsalphabetically. The first one has been done for you. Beneath each color category, list two ways in which thatcolor fruit or vegetable helps promote good anberriesZucchiniPotatoesRadishesDried eleryOnionsBlue OW-ORANGEBenefits:Benefits:WHITEBenefits:GREEN

Importance of physical activity Know the good stuffBeing active is good for the heart, making it work harder and strongerGood for getting rid of stressGood for keeping in tune with friends and familyGood for your bones, making them strongerGood for losing weight and keeping it offMaintains healthy weightPrevents chronic illness, such as diabetesReduces blood pressure to avoid stokeReduces lipid: cholesterol, triglyceridesImproves mental health Tips for becoming activeMake a definite planDecide your activity plan for the week. Use a calendar on your wall or refrigerator to plan ahead of time youractive times. (activity: develop calendar)Guidelines recommend that everyone should participate in 60 minutes of physical activity everyday.Physical activity is for families, and friendsHaving an active lifestyle includes walking instead of driving, sports activities with family and friendsKeeping a calendar to schedule or record activity progressLearning about and practice physical activity safetySafe physical activity includes warm up and cool downs to avoid muscle or bone injury walking, biking and sports in safe areas, and low traffic areas. Always wear a helmet when you ride yourbicycle. stretching before aerobic activities, such as slow stretches or toes touches- without bouncing and holdingstretch to count of 10 Be active in groups. Practice safe pedestrian behavior when active. Use CrosswalksWork with local police to enforce speeds in and around the neighborhood and school.Have your parents request crossing guards for children on their way to and from school.Tell parents and school teachers about bullies or gangs loitering at street corners, or strangers lurkingin our neighborhoods.

My Favorite Physical ActivitiesMake a list of your favorite Outdoor ActivitiesNow, circle the activities that will help your heart and bones stay eo gamesBilliardsJoggingHomeworkBasketballJump ropeTelevisionText messagingListening to musicFootballBaseballDance

Physical ActivityTrue/False1. Jogging around the block once a week is enough exercise for everyone.TRUE FALSE2. Doing 10 toe touches will improve my heart health.TRUE FALSE3. Starting out with 10 minutes each day of walking or jogging and building up to 30 minutes will help mestick to the activity.TRUE FALSE3. Walking to church, school and shopping is a physical activity I can do with my family.TRUE FALSE4. Listening to my downloads will help prevent diabetes.TRUE FALSE5. If you don’t like playing sports, listening to downloads is a good substitute activityTRUE FALSE

WARM UPStretching and flexing before a fast walk or running will keep you from injury.Warm Up Activities help stretch muscles to help avoid injury: here are some to try:Reach for the sky, using both hands, then bend at the waist and reach for the floor. sweep the floor with yourhands. repeat 10 times.Stand with feet apart and toes pointed forward. Place one hand on hip and extend the other arm up over yourhead to the side with hand on hip. Hold for count to 10. Repeat 5 times, then switch arms.Lift your shoulders to your ears, hold, then relax. repeat 10 times.Sit with legs in front and straight, feet together. Reach your fingers towards your toes, and touch your kneeswith your chin, hold to count of 5; repeat 5 times.Sit with feet apart and hands clasped in front. Twist at the waist, rotating slowly to the right, then t

Food guide Pyramid Lesson Plan State Standard Addressed: 1 CH-E8 PO2 Objective: Using the food guide pyramid, the students will be able to construct a healthy breakfast, lunch, and dinner menu using at least one serving from each food group. Materials: Food Guide Pyramid handout Grade Level: 4 – 6 Activity: The Food Guide Pyramid is an outline of what to eat each day based on dietary guidelines.

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