IoT Based Traffic Signalling System
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8264-8269 Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.comIoT Based Traffic Signalling SystemAshok. P.VB.Tech Graduate, Department of Information Technology,SRM University, Kattankaluthur Campus, Chennai-603203, India.SivaSankari.SAssistant Professor, Department of Information Technology,SRM University, Kattankaluthur Campus, Chennai-603203, India.Vignesh ManiB.Tech Graduate, Department of Information Technology,SRM University, Kattankaluthur Campus, Chennai-603203, India.Suresh SankaranarayananAssociate Professor, Department of Information Technology,SRM University, Kattankaluthur Campus, Chennai-603203, India.Orcid Id: 0000-0001-5145-510XAbstractINTRODUCTIONCurrently in India, we still rely on Traffic police towardsregulating the traffic signaling system based on traffic density.There has been some research work carried out in automatingthe traffic signals by employing image processing, Infra Redsensor and in some places prioritization in traffic signalingtowards emergency vehicles based on fuzzy logic.The entire World is becoming more technological savvy andIndia is no exception to this. With the tremendous growth inIT and other sectors, people have started to lead a comfortableliving which includes Television, Air conditioner, Vehicles.So when it comes to transportation, people tend to use theirown vehicles for going out rather than standing in crowd forcatching public transport.The challenge with all these system is that it is very expensivewhile employing camera for capturing the traffic forregulating the traffic signal. In employing Infra Red sensor,the proximity of vehicle and sensor need to be very close forcalculating the density for controlling the traffic signal.Traffic congestion occurs due to high number of vehicles.Traffic congestion is a situation that occurs due to increase innumber of user’s vehicles and is characterized by slowerspeed, longer trip times and increased vehicular queuing.So to obviate the above mentioned drawbacks and with theupcoming of Machine to Machine Communication leading toIoT, we here have developed an IoT based Traffic Signalingsystem where ultrasonic sensors deployed at every 50 metersof road which would capture the traffic density andcommunicate to Arduino for changing the traffic signalaccordingly. This information sent to Pi3 using Wifi Modulewhere analysis made on Heavy traffic and less traffic withdate and time and the same communicated to Web page ofcloud which can be viewed by the Traffic police authoritiesfor further analysisAs traffic demand increases, vehicle speed slows down thetraffic stream resulting in traffic congestion.Traffic congestion can lead to drivers becoming frustrated andengaging in road rage. In traffic environment, Traffic Signalsare used to regulate traffic condition in the roads. Thesesignaling systems are still dependent on human for controllingit based on density of trafficTraffic Signaling currently in vogue is purely manual whereTraffic police responsible in regulating the traffic signalsystem based on traffic density. This is a very cumbersomesituation as most of the times you do not see the policepersonnel controlling the traffic signal leading to trafficcongestion on the roads.Keywords: M2M, IoT, Arduino, Pi3, Wifi8264
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8264-8269 Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.comSo towards this some amount of research work been carriedout by employing Information and communicationTechnologies for regulating the traffic signaling system.LITERATURE SURVEYIn this section, we would be discussing briefly on variousliteratures available pertaining to Traffic Signaling SystemIn one of the research [1], PIC Microcontroller employed forcalculating the vehicle count on real time mode. The recordeddata are communicated by the microcontroller to the centralstation. The administrator access traffic conditions on anyapproachable traffic lights and also nearby roads towardsreducing traffic congestionResearch been carried out employing PIC Microcontroller[1]towards density based Intelligent Traffic Signaling System.This system records total number of vehicles in the memoryon real time basis based on user predefined interval. Thesedata captured are sent to computer from the microcontroller.The administrator at the central station computer can accesstraffic conditions pertaining to any approachable traffic lightsand nearby roads reducing traffic congestion. This system infuture can inform the people about different place trafficconditions.Research [2] also been carried out by employing imageprocessing technique to find the traffic density andaccordingly regulate the traffic. Image processing employedfor edge detection.In one another research, Infrared based Traffic density [3]developed where Sensors are placed on either side whichwould detect the presence of vehicles and accordinglyinformation sent to microcontroller which would regulate thetraffic signaling system.Another research on Density Based Traffic Signal System [2]is based on image processing technique like edge detection tofind the traffic density that regulates the traffic signals. Theadvantage of building Intelligent Traffic Control System isthat it reduces congestion; operational costs, provide alternateroutes to travelers and increases capacity of infrastructure.Research [4] also carried out in employing IR Sensor inprioritizing the vehicles pertaining to emergency vehiclewhere microcontroller used to give red signal to all side ofroad except the one with emergency vehicle. Also research [5]carried out using same IR sensor by employing fuzzy logic indefining the direction of emergency vehicle too.Density based Intelligent Traffic Control system[3] beencalculated using IR Sensor that assigns the glowing time ofgreen light by means of microcontroller. Sensors here areplaced on the sides of road that would detect the presence ofvehicles and send information to microcontroller. Microcontroller here makes a decision towards assigning theglowing time of Green and Red light. That is timing of trafficlights are set based on the density of the vehicles.The drawback in these existing systems is that most of thememploy IR sensor only which can only detect the presence ofvehicle when in close proximity though these sensors kept onthe sides of the road. Also these systems do not communicateamong themselves in regulating the traffic signaling.Intelligent Traffic Signal Control system [4] been developedusing AVR 32 bit microcontroller with programmable flashmemory, built-in 8 channels Analog to Digital Converter andIR Sensor. These sensors detect the presence of emergencyvehicle and accordingly microcontroller give red signal to allsides of road except for one with emergency vehicle.So with the upcoming of Machine to MachineCommunication leading to IoT, we here have developed anIoT based Traffic Signaling system where ultrasonic sensordeployed instead of IR sensor on the side of road every 50meter. In here, we have a traffic junction consisting of threelights which are Green, Amber and Red arranged on thesides. Two pairs of sensors are placed across the roadstowards marking distance for density zones.Wireless Sensor Networks [5] was presented in the PriorityBased Traffic Light Controller where the direction of anyemergency vehicle uses a fuzzy logic and by collecting all theinformation, the central monitoring system gives thecorresponding appropriate response.There will be an ultrasonic sensor and ultrasonic receiveropposite to each other. This sensor works on basis of soundwave and proximity of vehicle with Sensor is not an issue incounting the number of vehicle .The count of vehicles is sentto Arduino Microcontroller where traffic signaling systemchanged based on traffic density. That is for high trafficdensity there be more allotment of time and for low trafficdensity normal time is given. The traffic density informationof every road is sent to Raspberry Pi3 towards analyzing asheavy traffic and normal traffic. This information along withdate and time are updated on webpage of cloud for furtheranalysisFrom the literature reviewed, it is clear that there has been nowork reported so far which allows M2M communicationleading to IoT towards traffic control system. Also all theexisting system have used IR sensor for traffic signalingsystem which got a challenge. The challenge is that thevehicles need to be close to these sensors for detecting thepresence of vehicle which is not always possible. Soaccordingly we here have developed an IoT based TrafficSignaling system where an Ultrasonic sensor placed on sidesof road every 50 meters. The count of vehicle is sent tomicrocontroller and accordingly based on the traffic density,the traffic signal system changed. This information on trafficdensity on the road is sent with date and time to Pi3 whereanalysis is made on heavy and normal traffic. This8265
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8264-8269 Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.cominformation sent to webpage of Cloud for traffic personnel toget clear idea on traffic of every road for future planning andanalysis.AlgorithmThe Algorithm been developed for function of IoT TrafficSignaling System based on Traffic Density is given below:. Traffic density data collected from ultrasonic sensorsplaced 50 meters distance on sides of road. Sensor data pertaining to vehicle count are sent toArduino which decides the condition for controllingtraffic signal by giving more time for heavy traffic andless time for normal traffic. Traffic Density data with date and time of each road issent wirelessly from Arduino to Pi3 where analysisbeen carried out as heavy and normal traffic.IoT Based Traffic Signalling SystemIoT based traffic signaling system is based on traffic densityon road where the count of vehicles is done at each side ofroad by placement of sensor. In this system, three traffic lightsi.e Green amber and red are placed on junction of road sides.Two pairs of sensor are placed across the roads which markthe distance for density zones. In here ultrasonic sensor areplaced and ultrasonic receiver opposite to each other. In hereSensors are placed at 50 meters distance from one another.The logic here is that as the vehicles crosses the first pair ofsensors, a digital signal is produced and accordingly sensorassumes that there is traffic congestion on the road. So basedon the data gathered, Arduino microcontroller sends thetiming signal output by comparing with adjacent road’straffic. As the vehicle crosses the second pair of sensors,Sensor assumes that it contains high traffic densityrespectively. For high density traffic, there will be more timeallotment and for low density traffic normal time is given.The analyzed information with date and time as heavy andnormal traffic for road is updated on cloud webpage for futureanalysisHardware and Software DesignThe hardware components used in this system towards thedevelopment of the Prototype are explained below.Ultrasonic SensorThe data on traffic density and traffic signaling control aresent wirelessly to Raspberry Pi3 where analysis made asHeavy traffic and Normal Traffic with date and time. Thisinformation is finally updated on Cloud webpage which canbe used for further planning and analysis by Trafficdepartment.Ultrasonic sensor used in our project measures the distance toan object by measuring the time taken by the sound to reflectback from the object. Ultrasonic sensor consists of twomembranes. One membrane produces sound and anothermembrane registers the arrival of the sound impulse and stopsthe timer. The distance travelled by the sound can becalculated from the timer easily. These sensors are used in lotsof places like measuring tapes in construction sites, carparking and so on. Also these sensors are used in dangerzones of working machines too. This is shown in Figure 2.The system design of IoT based Traffic signalling system isshown in Figure 1 where Ultrasonic sensor is placed on sidesof road every 50 meters. The sensor here would capture thedata for counting the density of that particular side andcorresponding signal will be provided by ArduinoMicrocontroller based on heavy and normal traffic. Thedensity traffic information with appropriate signaling alongwith date and time of each road sent to Pi3 where analysisdone as heavy and normal traffic. This traffic analysis sent toCloud webpage for further analysis in future.Figure 1: IoT Based Traffic Signaling SystemFigure 2: Ultrasonic sensor8266
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8264-8269 Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.comanalysis based on traffic density information received towardsheavy and normal traffic. This information is onto webpage ofCloud. The IoT based Traffic Signaling System is also testedwith the possible real time sensor values that will generatedifferent output based on specific threshold. The test casesused to verify the correctness of application logic. The actualoutput of the system verified with the expected output andfound it is perfect.ESP8266 Wi-Fi ModuleESP8266 is a Wi-Fi networking module or solution allowingWifi networking function from one host to another. TheESP8266 requires 3.3 v to 5V. ESP8266 need to communicatevia serial 3.3 V and does not have 5V tolerant inputs, so youneed level conversion to communicates with a 5Vmicrocontroller like most Arduino use. This shown inFigure 3.Implementation Results an AnalysisThe complete hardware prototype of IoT based trafficSignaling system been developed employing Arduino andRaspberry Pi3 as microcontroller and processing unit. Inaddition ultrasonic sensor deployed and same connected toArduino microcontroller for controlling the traffic signalbased on traffic density information received. Also theArduino unit connected using Wi-Fi Module to Pi3 forcommunication of traffic density of each sides of road foranalyzing the traffic as heavy and normal traffic for each road.The results been updated as HTML Webpage in Cloud server.Figure 4 shows the complete IoT based traffic signalingsystem Prototype with all sensors and connection.Figure 3: ESP8266 Wi-Fi moduleArduino MicrocontrollerArduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on AT Mega328P. These microcontroller posses 14 digital input/outputpins, 6 analog inputs, 16 Mhz quartz crystal, USB connectionand a power jack. Arduino Uno can be programmed withArduino Software IDE.Raspberry Pi3Raspberry Pi3 is a third generation Raspberry Pi whichreplaces Raspberry Pi2 model B in February 2016. Pi3features 1.2 GHz 64 bit Quad Core ARM v8 CPU , 802.11nWireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.1 and Bluetooth Low Energy., 1GB RAM, 4 USB Port, 40 GPIO Pins, Full HDMI Port,Ethernet Port, Combined 3.5 mm audio jack and compositevideo camera, Camera Interface, Display interface, Micro SDCard Slot, Video Core IV 3D Graphics Core.The Arduino UNO is responsible for getting traffic densityinformation from the ultrasonic sensor which is kept every 50meter distance on sides of road. . To accomplish this task inArduino, we use the Arduino IDE version 1.6.12 where trafficdensity information received for controlling traffic signals.The Raspberry pi is installed with the Noobs OperatingSystem and has been provided with a 8 GB memory card.Figure 4: IoT Based Traffic Signalling SystemFigures 5 and 6 shows the Traffic signaling system changingto RED and GREEN based on traffic density. Figure 7 showsthe Arduino IDE Environment of controlling the traffic signalbased on traffic density Figure 8 shows the Webpage showingthe traffic density with date and time and traffic analysisBoth the Pi and the Arduino have to be connected to the samenetwork. The raspberry pi runs a python code that receivesdata continuously from the Arduino and then performs8267
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8264-8269 Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.comFigure 5 : Traffic signaling system changing to RED andGREENFigure 8: Traffic Analysis InformationCONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKTraditional Traffic Signaling system relies purely on Trafficpolice for controlling the traffic signal for regulating thetraffic based on traffic density. Lot of research been carriedout in computing the density of traffic by employing Sensorsfor controlling the traffic light signals. Also some haveemployed image processing also for controlling the trafficsignals too.Figure 6: Traffic signaling system changing to GREEN andREDSo accordingly with the upcoming of Machine to MachineCommunication employing IoT, we here have developed IoTBased Traffic Signaling System where ultrasonic sensordeployed on sides of road every 50 meters to count thenumber of vehicles. The traffic density information is sent toArduino microcontroller where based on the condition thetraffic signal changed accordingly by allotting more time forheavy traffic and less time for normal traffic. This informationsent to Raspberry Pi3 where analysis traffic been done asheavy and normal traffic based on number of vehicles withdate and time. This information sent to Webpage of cloudserver.The system so developed is not fully complete as we havedeveloped a prototype only for controlling density. In future,we propose to extend the system for of alleviating trafficcongestion by capturing the traffic density information. Inaddition the traffic density information need to be securedwhile transmitting the information for controlling the trafficsignal.Figure 7: Arduino IDE Serial Window8268
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8264-8269 Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.comREFERENCES[1]R. Weil, J. Wootton and A. Garcia Ortiz, ” TrafficIncident Detection Sensor and Algorithms”, “Journalof Mathematical and Computer .Modeling ,Vol.27(9), 1998, pp.257-291[2]K.Thatsanavipas, N.Ponganunchoke, et al., “WirelessTraffic Light Controller” Proceedings of 2ndInternational Science, Social Science, Engineeringand Energy Conference ,Nakhonphanom, Thailand,2010.[3]Wanjing MA and Xiaoguang YANG “Design andEstimation of an Adaptive Bus Signal PrioritySystem Base on Wireless Sensor Network“Proceeding of the 11th International IEEEConference on Intelligent Transportation Systems,Beijing, China, 2008.[4]Hikaru Shimizu,Masa-aki Kobayashi,Haruko,et al.,”A Development of Deterministic Signal ControlSystem in Urban Road Networks” Society andInstrument Control Engineers Conference, Japan,2008.[5]Muhammad Hassam Malhi, Muhammad HassanAslam et al., ”Vision Based Intelligent TrafficManagement System” Frontiers of InformationTechnology Conference, Islamabad, Pakistan, 20118269
Traffic police responsible in regulating the traffic signal system based on traffic density. This is a very cumbersome situation as most of the times you do not see the police personnel controlling the traffic signal leading to traffic congestion on the roads. .
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