Chapter 4: Folk And Popular Culture

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Chapter 4: Folk and PopularCultureUnit 3

Culture The combination of three things:1. Values2. Material artifacts3. Political institutions This chapter focuses on: Daily necessities: food, clothing, shelter Leisure activities: arts, recreation Habit: Custom:

Where Are Folk and Popular Leisure ActivitiesDistributed? Two basic categories: folk and popular culture Folk culture Traditionally practiced by small, isolated, homogeneous groups in ruralareas Popular culture Characterized by large, heterogeneous groups of people who sharecommon habits despite differences in other personal characteristics Geographers are interested in two aspects of culture: Where cultures are located in space How cultures interact with the environment

Where Are Folk and Popular Leisure ActivitiesDistributed? Origin of folk and popular cultures Folk culture hearth area; originators are usually unknown Popular culture hearth area comes from more developedcountries (MDCs) People in MDCs have disposable income and leisure time that allow forthese innovations

Where Are Folk and Popular Leisure ActivitiesDistributed? Diffusion of folk and popular culture Folk culture diffuses slowly, primarily through migration, and at asmall scale Relocation diffusion Example: Diffusion of Amish culture (p. 138) Popular culture diffuses rapidly and over a large scale Hierarchical diffusion Example: Sports, music

Where Are Folk and Popular Leisure ActivitiesDistributed? Distribution of folk and popular culture Popular culture: distributed widely with little regard for physicalfactors Obstacle: lack of income to purchase the material Folk culture: distributed typically in one area, folk cultures typicallyisolated

Where Are Folk and Popular Leisure ActivitiesDistributed? Origin and distribution of folk and popular music Folk music characteristics Tells a story or recounts important life events or activities Is personal in nature Popular music characteristics Written by individuals for the purpose of selling to a large audience Highly technical Origin and distribution of folk and popular sports Soccer: Surviving folk sports

Where Are Folk and Popular Material CultureDistributed? Conflicting Folk and Popular Cultural Values Elements of Material Culture: Influence of the physicalenvironment Folk culture close connection to the environment Most folk cultures are rural and agricultural Clothing is often tied to environmental conditions Clothing in popular culture typically reflects what?

Where Are Folk and Popular Material CultureDistributed? Folk food preferences and the environment Food preferences are adapted to the environment Example: In Asia, rice is grown in milder, wetter environments whereaswheat is grown in colder, drier environments Example: eating animals that signify strength and avoiding those thatsignify cowardice Food taboos may be especially strong People avoid certain foods because of negative associations with thatfood Examples? Terroir the sum effects of the local environment on aparticular food item Soil, climate, etc.

Where Are Folk and Popular Material CultureDistributed? Popular Food Preferences Influenced more by cultural values than by environmentalfeatures. Popular culture varies more in time than place Food customs: consumption of large quantities of snack foods and alcohol

Where Are Folk and Popular Material CultureDistributed? Folk housing and the environment Housing a reflection of cultural heritage, current fashion,function, and the physical environment Two most common building materials wood and brick Minor differences in the environment can produce verydifferent house styles Popular housing: Reflects fashion trends since the 1940s in the United States

Why is Access to Folk and Popular CultureUnequal? Diffusion of TV and Internet Watching television The most popular leisure activity in MDCs Diffusion from the United States to the rest of the world 50 years The Internet Diffusion from the United States to the rest of the world 10 years Diffusion of Social Media Facebook: Est. in 2004 2009: 55 million users in the U.S. 2014: 152 million users in the U.S. Percentage of users in the U.S. has declined, other countries’ percentages have increased Twitter: mainly dominated by Americans, but numbers are growing in LDCs Why do some countries use other forms of social media?

Why is Access to Folk and Popular CultureUnequal? Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media Banned Technology Blocked Content Violated User Rights

Why Do Folk and Popular Culture FaceSustainability Challenges? Sustainability challenges for folk culture Assimilation Acculturation Syncretism Challenging cultural values in folk culture Equality of women to men

Why Do Folk and Popular Culture FaceSustainability Challenges? Sustainability challenges for popular culture Landscape pollution Depletion of natural resources

Diffusion of folk and popular culture Folk culture diffuses slowly, primarily through migration, and at a small scale Relocation diffusion Example: Diffusion of Amish culture (p. 138) Popular culture diffuses rapidly and over a large scale Hierarchical diffusion Example: Sports, music

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