The Story Of Psychology
PSYCHOLOGY(8th Edition)David MyersPowerPoint SlidesAneeq AhmadHenderson State UniversityWorth Publishers, 2006Prologue: The Story ofPsychologyPrologue: The Story of PsychologyPsychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Psychological Science is Born Psychological Science Develops31
Prologue: The Story of PsychologyContemporary Psychology Psychology’s Big Debate Psychology’s Three Main Levelsof Analysis Psychology’s Subfields4Psychology’s RootsPrescientific Psychologywww.bodydharma.org/photo/buddha.jpgIn India, Buddha wondered how sensations andperceptions combined to form ideas.5Prescientific PsychologyConfucius (551‐479 .jpgIn China, Confucius stressed the power of ideasand of an educated mind.62
Prescientific PsychologyHebrew e.jpgHebrew scriptures linked mind and emotion to thebody.7Prescientific aw.umkc.eduSocratesSocrates (469‐399 B.C.) and Plato (428‐348 B.C.)Socrates and his student Plato believed the mindwas separate from the body, the mind continued toexist after death, and ideas were innate.8Prescientific PsychologyAristotle (384‐322 B.C.)http://faculty.washington.eduAristotle suggested that the soul is not separablefrom the body and that knowledge (ideas) growfrom experience.93
Prescientific PsychologyRene Descartes .comDescartes, like Plato, believed in soul (mind) bodyseparation, but wondered how the immaterialmind and physical body communicated.10Prescientific PsychologyFrancis Bacon (1561‐1626)http://www.iep.utm.eduBacon is one of the founders of modern science,particularly the experimental method.11Prescientific PsychologyJohn Locke (1632‐1704)biografieonline.it/img/bio/John Locke.jpgLocke held that the mind was a tabula rasa, orblank sheet, at birth, and experiences wrote on it.124
Prescientific PsychologyWhat is the relation of mind to the body?Mind and body areconnectedMind and body aredistinctThe rescientific PsychologyHow are ideas formed?Some ideas are inbornThe mind is a al Science is BornStructuralismTitchner (1867‐1927)Wundt (1832‐1920)Wundt and Titchner studied the elements (atoms)of the mind by conducting experiments at Leipzig,15Germany in 1879.5
Psychological Science is BornFunctionalismMary CalkinsJames (1842‐1910)Influenced by Darwin, William James establishedthe school of functionalism, which opposed16structuralism.Psychological Science is BornThe Unconscious MindFreud (1856‐1939)Sigmund Freud and his followers emphasized theimportance of the unconscious mind and its effects17on human behavior.Psychological Science DevelopsBehaviorismSkinner (1904‐1990)Watson (1878‐1958)Watson (1913) and later Skinner emphasized thestudy of overt behavior as the subject matter of18scientific psychology.6
Psychological Science DevelopsRogers yweb.cortland.eduMaslow (1908‐1970)Humanistic PsychologyMaslow and Rogers emphasized currentenvironmental influences on our growth potential19and our needs for love and acceptance.Psychology TodayWe define psychology today as the scientificstudy of behavior (what we do) and mentalprocesses (inner thoughts and feelings).20Psychological Associations &SocietiesThe American Psychological Association is thelargest organization of psychology with 160,000members world‐wide, followed by The BritishPsychological Society with 34,000 members.217
Psychology’s Big DebateNature versus NurtureDarwin (1809‐1882)Darwin stated that nature selects those that bestenable the organism to survive and reproduce in a22particular environment.Psycho
Prologue: The Story of Psychology 3 Prologue: The Story of Psychology Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Psychological Science is Born Psychological Science Develops. 2 4 Prologue: The Story of Psychology Contemporary Psychology Psychology’s Big Debate .
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