CGIAR Research Ethics Code - Storage.googleapis
CGIAR RESEARCH ETHICS CODEApproved by the CGIAR System Board as a CGIAR Policy with effect from 3 November 2020(Decision Reference SB/M17/EDP12)
CGIAR Research Ethics CodeCGIAR’s Core Ethical ValuesIntegrity Dignity and Respect Sustainability Excellence and Innovation Partnership 1IntegrityWe are honest, tell the truth, keep promises, pursue objective scientific research, admit mistakes,earn trust, and always act professionally by being accountable and transparentDignity and RespectWe value and embrace diversity and inclusion, treat all stakeholders with respect and dignity,promote equity, avoid all forms of discrimination, and promote human rightsSustainabilityWe plan responsibly for the long term, and are committed to environmental, social and economicfood security, safety and global prosperityExcellence and InnovationWe strive for excellence by maintaining high standards of scientific rigor, actively encouraginginnovation and creativity, and pursuing our passion for learning and discoveryPartnershipWe value the diverse voices of our internal and external stakeholders, and seek all forms ofengagement, collaboration and teamwork1These Core Ethical Values are extracted from the CGIAR Ethics Framework endorsed by the System Management Boardon 3 October 2019.Effective Date: 3 November 2020Page 2 of 33
CGIAR Research Ethics CodeTable of contents1.Purpose . 42Scope . 43General standards . 43.1 Scientific quality and integrity . 43.2 Reporting and dissemination of research results . 53.3 Conflict of interest. 73.4 Working with research and development partners . 84Specific standards . 94.1 Research involving human subjects . 94.2 Research involving animals .134.3 Research involving modern biotechnology .174.4 Environmental impacts of research .204.5 Participatory research .214.6 Access to genetic resources .225Implementation.23Annex I – Definitions .24Annex II – International treaties and conventions guiding the CGIAR Research Ethics Code.27Annex III – Research involving human subjects .30Effective Date: 3 November 2020Page 3 of 33
CGIAR Research Ethics Code1.Purpose1.1CGIAR entities have a shared mission: Ending hunger by 2030 – through science totransform food, land and water systems in a climate crisis. To deliver on thiscommon mission, CGIAR has adopted a unified system of governance for all CGIARlegal entities, to provide forward-looking and aligned strategic direction and oversightfor bold cross-disciplinary research.1.2CGIAR strives to conduct its operations according to the highest ethical standards andcreate an environment that promotes CGIAR’s Core Ethical Values of integrity, dignityand respect, sustainability, excellence and innovation, and partnership.21.3Those involved in CGIAR research activities have a significant obligation andresponsibility to embody CGIAR’s Core Ethical Values. Their adherence to working inaccordance with best practice ethical standards is fundamental to ensuring broadpublic trust and confidence in CGIAR operations.1.4The purpose of this Research Ethics Code (“this Code”) is to ensure that clear,achievable and relevant standards of ethical conduct apply to all CGIAR Research. 21.5This Code may be complemented by additional policies where appropriate, providedthat these are consistent with this Code.2ScopeThis Code applies to the following persons (collectively referred to as “Researchers”):i)all individuals employed or otherwise contracted by a CGIAR entity (for example,staff, consultants, secondees, students, visiting fellows and scholars) who areinvolved in research activities of any kind; as well asii)individuals employed or contracted by CGIAR partners who are involved in CGIARresearch programs or projects or whose research is otherwise funded by a CGIARentity.3General standards3.1Scientific quality and integrity3.1.1Researchers must strive to conduct high-quality research that has clear developmentaland practical value in relation to the CGIAR mission. They must develop studies andresearch programs that are built on adequate prior knowledge and are scientificallysound, undertaking scientific activities only within the boundaries of their2As defined by the CGIAR System Framework and the Charter of the CGIAR System Organization, as amendedfrom time to time. On the date of approval of this Code, “CGIAR Research” is defined as “the research carriedout by the Centers and the CGIAR System Partners in support of the CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework”.Effective Date: 3 November 2020Page 4 of 33
CGIAR Research Ethics Codecompetence, based on their education, training or work experience. Researchers mustadhere to the highest possible technical standards that apply to their field of work.3.1.2Researchers must strive for the highest reliability in the quality of research, includingthe design, methodology, analysis and use of resources. They must do their utmost toensure factual accuracy of data and research results and must not engage in researchmisconduct (falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, suppression or purposefulmisinterpretation of data or research results). They shall keep good records ofscientific activities, such as data collection, research design and correspondence withcollaborators or journals and shall adhere to the CGIAR Open Access and DataManagement Policy in the management of data.3.1.3Researchers shall promote the open exchange of ideas, research methods, data andresults, and their discussion, scrutiny and debate, subject to any considerations ofconfidentiality and third-party rights. They shall ensure that their methodologies andfindings are open for discussion and peer review. Researchers are independent andimpartial in their communication with other Researchers and open and honest to thepublic.3.1.4Research managers must ensure that Researchers under their supervision have thenecessary resources to conduct scientific activities in line with required standards andensure that the right capabilities and competences are assigned to research activities.Researchers must ensure that they have the necessary skills and resources to carryout research themselves or through collaboration with specialists in relevant fields.They recognize the need for ongoing education in order to remain competent and theyutilize the appropriate scientific, professional, technical and managerial resourcesneeded to ensure competence in their work-related activities.3.2Reporting and dissemination of research results3.2.1In accordance with the CGIAR Principles on the Management of Intellectual Assets,CGIAR regards the results of its research and development activities as internationalpublic goods. CGIAR is committed to the widespread diffusion and use of researchresults to achieve the maximum possible access, scale, scope of impact and sharing ofbenefits to advantage the poor, and particularly farmers, in developing countries. Tofacilitate this, Researchers must ensure the prompt publication and dissemination ofresearch results by the most appropriate means, subject to intellectual property,privacy, confidentiality and contractual considerations. The management of researchdata must be done in accordance with the CGIAR Open Access and Data ManagementPolicy, the CGIAR Open Access and Data Management Implementation Guidelines andthe CGIAR Principles on the Management of Intellectual Assets.Effective Date: 3 November 2020Page 5 of 33
CGIAR Research Ethics Code3.2.2Responsibility for research findingsa) Researchers must ensure that reporting results serve, and do not compromise, theinitial goals and purpose of their research. Researchers must take particular care tostate all relevant qualifications on the findings and interpretation of their research.Researchers must also disclose underlying assumptions, theories, methods, measures,and research designs that might bear upon findings and interpretations of their work.In presenting their work, Researchers must report their findings fully and not omitrelevant data.b) Consistent with the spirit of full disclosure of methods and analyses, once findings arepublicly shared, Researchers shall permit their open assessment and verification byother responsible Researchers with appropriate safeguards, and where applicable,protect the anonymity of research participants.c) If Researchers discover significant errors in their publication or presentation of data,they must take reasonable steps to correct such errors in a correction, a retraction,published errata or other public fora as appropriate.3.2.3Authorship credita) Researchers must take responsibility and credit, including authorship credit, only forwork they have actually performed or to which they have contributed. They mustensure that principal authorship and other publication credits are based on theproportional scientific or professional contributions of the individuals involved,regardless of their status. Decisions on publication and authorship must be agreedjointly and communicated to all members of the research team.b) Researchers must fully credit the contributions of research partners, including nonprofessional partners such as farmers. Credits include co-authorship, which is stronglyencouraged, and being named in acknowledgements. Authorship will not be allocatedto honorary or guest authors (and those that do not fulfil criteria of authorship).3.2.4Respect for intellectual property and confidentiality 3a) Researchers must honor patents, copyrights and all other forms of intellectualproperty. Researchers must follow the terms of specific applicable licenses to theintellectual property accessed and used. Researchers must not use unpublished data,methods or results without permission from the intellectual property owner.b) Researchers must clearly acknowledge all sources used in their research and obtainpermission from any individuals if a significant amount of their work has been used ina publication. In their publications, presentations, training, practice and service, all3For further guidance on the management of intellectual assets and intellectual property rights please refer tothe CGIAR Principles on the Management of Intellectual Assets and the Implementation Guidelines for theCGIAR Intellectual Assets Principles on the Management of Intellectual Assets.Effective Date: 3 November 2020Page 6 of 33
CGIAR Research Ethics CodeResearchers must provide acknowledgment of, and reference to, the use of the workof others, even if the work is not quoted verbatim or paraphrased.c) Researchers must provide fair, prompt and rigorous evaluations and respectconfidentiality when reviewing the work of others. In all circumstances, Researchersmust not use or otherwise seek to gain from information or material received in aconfidential context (such as knowledge obtained from reviewing a manuscript,serving on a proposal review panel or reviewing budgetary information), unless theyhave authorization to do so, or until that information is otherwise made publiclyavailable.3.2.5Funder acknowledgementAll funders and sponsors of research must be acknowledged in accordance with theCGIAR Funder Acknowledgement Guidelines as well as any applicable instructions orterms provided by such funders and/or sponsors.3.2.6Accountability and transparencya) Researchers must ensure that any research undertaken complies with theagreements, terms and conditions relating to their project and facilitate systematicand transparent tracking of outputs and impacts as per established procedures forperformance management.b) Research managers and supporting operational units (such as finance, procurementand partnerships units) must adhere to appropriate, accountable and transparent useof funding for research by ensuring compliance with the procedures that are in effectfor the planning, monitoring, reporting, evaluation and impact assessment of CGIARprojects (including projects conducted by CGIAR alone and with partners).3.3Conflict of interest3.3.1Conflict of interest: concepta) A conflict of interest arises in a situation where there are reasonable grounds to believethat a Researcher’s:i.direct or indirect personal interest, including that of a closely associated thirdparty such as a family member, in a matter; orii.duty owing to another organization outside the CGIAR Systempresent a risk that a Researcher’s professional judgment will, may or may be perceived tobe unduly influenced.b) A conflict of interest may be actual (it exists), potential (it might develop into one) orperceived (it may be considered to exist by others).Effective Date: 3 November 2020Page 7 of 33
CGIAR Research Ethics Codec) Conflicts of interest may arise as a result of a Researcher’s association with anorganization external to the CGIAR System, or closely associated third parties (such asfamily members and/or professional associates) whose interests may conceivably conflictwith those of one or more of the CGIAR entities on a given issue.d) In many situations, conflicts of interest will relate to financial interests, or the potentialfor personal or professional advantage, but they may also arise by virtue of the potentiala given situation or relationship presents for the undue exercise of influence.e) In situations where Researchers are required to address a conflict of objectives, they mustbe particularly vigilant when taking decisions, ensuring they are made with full objectivityand transparency. In taking such decisions, Researchers must take into account a rangeof factors and potential outcomes in determining the appropriate course of action to take,mindful of trade-offs that may need to be made in the process.3.3.2Declaring conflicts of interesta) The onus is on each Researcher to self-identify actual, potential or perceived conflicts ofinterest, since only he/she has the detailed knowledge to do so.b) Researchers must identify and declare conflicts of interest as and when they arise, inaccordance with established operating procedures.c) Researchers should actively seek advice from others to assist them in determiningwhether an actual, potential or perceived conflict of interest might exist. Advice channelsmay include the CGIAR Chief Ethics Counsel, fellow Researchers, ethics focal points, legalcounsel or focal points of a CGIAR entity. Researchers should remain open to indicationsof potential conflicts of interest from other individuals.3.3.3a)Managing conflicts of interestOnce identified, a conflict of interest must be managed appropriately, in accordance withestablished operating procedures.b) In determining the course of action to follow, the materiality of the interest and thelikelihood that it will impair the objective and impartial exercise of judgment required ofResearchers must be duly assessed.3.4Working with research and development partners3.4.1In delivering scientific innovations to achieve its mission, CGIAR Researcherscollaborate with development partners, national agricultural research and extensionservices and the private sector to achieve impact at scale. CGIAR’s Core Ethical Valuesreflect the importance of these partnerships by highlighting the value of the diversevoices of stakeholders and commitment to all forms of engagement, collaboration andteamwork. There is therefore an ethical obligation on the part of Researchers to treattheir partners with respect, as equals in the joint activity and with sensitivity to thecultural norms and values of partner countries.Effective Date: 3 November 2020Page 8 of 33
CGIAR Research Ethics Code3.4.2CGIAR’s Core Ethical Values must be clearly articulated to research and developmentpartners, emphasizing CGIAR’s commitment to valuing and embracing diversity andinclusion, treating all stakeholders with respect and dignity, promoting equity,avoiding all forms of discrimination and promoting human rights. Where Researchersencounter apparent discrepancies between the expectations of partners and theCGIAR mission and the Core Ethical Values, they are encouraged to engage in dialoguewith partners with the view to overcome any discrepancies and to seek externalexpert advice when necessary.3.4.3Researchers must ensure transparency with regard to the objectives of thepartnership, expectations related to the outputs and outcomes, and communicationabout research progress and uptake of research during the partnership. Researchersmust engage in open dialogue with partners regarding their aspirations forcollaboration and strive to ensure that CGIAR research delivers on the goals agreedwith partners.3.4.4In relation to the outputs of partnerships, CGIAR Researchers must ensure that allparticipants of any collaboration, including local and external scientists and nonresearch specialists, have access to research results (for example, in the form of dataand publications) and are appropriately credited, either through authorship,contribution or formal acknowledgement, as per the provisions in section 3.2.3.4Specific standards4.1Research involving human subjects4.1.1The provisions in this section apply to research involving people as subjects in research,whether in the form of surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, participantobservations, multi-stakeholder dialogues or participatory action and learning. For afull definition and examples, please refer to Annex III. The procedures for approval ofresearch involving human subjects shall be established as part of System-wide policiesand services within the CGIAR Research Ethics Code.4.1.2Researchers must ensure that all their research complies with international standardsof ethical treatment and protection of human subjects, including the three coreprinciples of respect for persons, beneficence and justice, as stated and explained inthe Belmont Report. All research plans must be implemented in compliance withnational laws regarding research involving human subjects, including laws andregulations on personal data or personally identifiable information (“PII”) (see section4.1.8 below), and in accordance with relevant policies on personal data protection. 44.1.3In all its research activities, CGIAR must treat human participants with dignity andrespect and have procedures in place to (i) obtain prior informed consent to ascertainthat research is voluntary; (ii) protect the privacy of the individual or household, as4Such policies are under development.Effective Date: 3 November 2020Page 9 of 33
CGIAR Research Ethics Codeapplicable; and (iii) protect par
CGIAR Research Ethics Code Effective Date: 3 November 2020 Page 6 of 33 3.2.2 Responsibility for research findings a) Researchers must ensure that reporting results serve, and do not compromise, the initial goals and purpose of their research. Researchers must take particular care to
CGIAR Ethics Framework 14th CGIAR System Management Board meeting SMB14-06d 3 October, Rome, Italy Page 5 of 10 b. A suite of CGIAR Policies on specific ethics-related topics that reflect CGIAR’s Core Ethical Values and that are operationalized by each CGIAR Entity.
The 15 CGIAR Research Centers have established strong individual identities through branding, and co-branding. Continued unified branding across the CGIAR System for the CGIAR Portfolio will help elevate further the CGIAR brand, and demonstrate a shared vision that enables the CGIAR System to be more than the sum of our parts.
Mar 31, 2021 · Questions and Answers on the Transition to One CGIAR 3 1. What is One CGIAR? One CGIAR is a dynamic reformulation of CGIAR’s partnerships, knowledge, assets, and global pres-ence, aiming for greater integration in the fa
The evaluation was designed to provide CGIAR partners and others with essential evaluative information, . to consider because CD should be seen a means to an end rather than an end in itself. A broader . joint publishing, for example) was commonly considered as a two-way process between CGIAR scientists and their non-CGIAR counterparts. In .
c. Ethics structures, guidelines, resources and systems, supported by a CGIAR ethics function, enable the provision of confidential ethics advice, outreach, training and education, whilst at the same time supporting the capacity to respond to emerging ethical challenges, concerns, and reports of unethical behavior and misconduct.
Code of Ethics The Code of Ethics defines the standards and the procedures by which the Ethics Committee operates.! More broadly, the Code of Ethics is designed to give AAPM Members an ethical compass to guide the conduct of their professional affairs.! TG-109! Code of Ethics The Code of Ethics in its current form was approved in
Sampling for the Ethics in Social Research study The Ethics in Social Research fieldwork 1.3 Structure of the report 2. TALKING ABOUT ETHICS 14 2.1 The approach taken in the study 2.2 Participants' early thoughts about ethics 2.2.1 Initial definitions of ethics 2.2.2 Ethics as applied to research 2.3 Mapping ethics through experiences of .
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer ADVANCED PLACEMENT TEACHING UNIT OBJECTIVES The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Objectives By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to: 1. identify the conventions of satire. 2. examine theories of humor. 3. analyze the narrative arc including character development, setting, plot, conflict, exposition, narrative persona, and point of view. 4. identify and analyze .
