Federal Democratic Republic Of Ethiopia OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD
,Federal Democratic Republic of EthiopiaOCCUPATIONAL STANDARDACCOUNTS AND BUDGETNTQF Level IVMinistry of EducationAugust 2012
IntroductionEthiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its TVET-System. Within thepolicies and strategies of the Ethiopian Government, technology transformation – byusing international standards and international best practices as the basis, and,adopting, adapting and verifying them in the Ethiopian context – is a pivotal element.TVET is given an important role with regard to technology transfer. The newparadigm in the outcome-based TVET system is the orientation at the current andanticipated future demand of the economy and the labor market.The Ethiopian Occupational Standards (EOS) are - a core element of the EthiopianNational TVET-Strategy and an important factor within the context of the NationalTVET-Qualification Framework (NTQF).They are national Ethiopian standards, whichdefine the occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a specificoccupation without taking TVET delivery into account.This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for theEthiopian Occupational Standard comprised of Units of Competence.A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity.standard format that comprises: Occupational title, NTQF level Unit code Unit title Unit descriptor Elements and Performance criteria Variables and Range statement Evidence guideIt is documented in aTogether all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor in determiningwhether the candidate is competent.The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the respectiveoccupation with all the key components of a Unit of Competence: the chart with an overview of all Units of Competence for the respectiveoccupation (Unit of Competence Chart) including the Unit Codes and the Unitof Competence titles the contents of each Unit of Competence – this includes further directions onthe contents and format of the unit of competence occupational map providing the technical and vocational education andtraining (TVET) providers with information and important requirements toconsider when designing training programs for this standards, and for theindividual, a career pathPage 1 of 93Ministry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHARTOccupational Standard: Accounts and Budget ServiceOccupational Code: BUF ACB4NTQF Level IVBUF ACB4 01 0812Make Decisions in aLegal ContextBUF ACB4 04 0812Apply Principles ofProfessional Practiceto Work in the financialservices industryBUF ACB4 02 0812Prepare FinancialStatements for NonReporting EntitiesBUF ACB4 05 0812Prepare FinancialReportsBUF ACB4 03 0812Set up and operate aComputerizedAccounting SystemBUF ACB4 06 0812Process BusinessTax RequirementsBUF ACB4 08 0812BUF ACB4 09 0812Establish and Maintaina Payroll SystemDevelop and UseComplexSpreadsheetsBUF ACB4 11 0812BUF ACB4 12 0812Prepare OperationalBudgetsMaintain InventoryRecordsBUF ACB4 13 0812BUF ACB4 14 0812BUF ACB4 15 0812Establish and Maintaina Cash AccountingSystemEstablish and Maintainan Accrual AccountingSystemManage OverdueCustomer AccountsBUF ACB4 17 0812BUF ACB4 18 0812Plan and OrganizeWorkMigrate to NewTechnologyBUF ACB4 07 0812Evaluate and AuthorizePayment RequestsBUF ACB4 10 0812Produce Job CostingInformationBUF ACB4 16 0812Administer Levies,Fines and other TaxesPage 2 of 93Ministry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
BUF ACB4 19 0812BUF ACB4 20 0812BUF ACB4 21 0812Establish QualityStandardsDevelop Individualsand TeamUtilize SpecializedCommunicationSkillsBUF ACB4 22 0812BUF ACB4 23 1012Manage and MaintainSmall/MediumBusiness OperationsDevelop and RefineSystems for ContinuousImprovement inOperationsPage 3 of 93Ministry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
Occupational Standard: Accounts and Budget Service Level IVUnit TitleUnit CodeUnit DescriptorMake Decisions in a Legal ContextBUF ACB4 01 0812This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills andknowledge required to make decisions in a legal context. It isintended to satisfy the requirement for a course of study incommercial law at an introductory or foundation level coveringEthiopian legal systems and processes.ElementsPerformance Criteria1. Evaluate legalcontext forfinancialservices work1.1 Ethiopian legal systems and processes are identified1.2 The functions of the courts and other regulatorybodies are identified1.3 Implications of relevant legislation, regulation and legalprecedent are identified and applied in makingoperational decisions1.4 Advice and guidance is sought to evaluate and moderatedecision processes2. Identifycompliancerequirements2.1 Compliance requirements are interpreted accurately3. Developprocedures toensurecompliance3.1 Procedures are developed in consultation with others toaddress compliance requirements2.2 Legislative and regulatory sources of information areregularly reviewed to identify changes to compliancerequirements3.2 Timetables to meet compliance requirements areestablished to align with statutory deadlinesVariableRangeCourts and otherregulatory bodiesmay include: Relevant legislationincludes:Page 4 of 93Trade practice and consumer protection AuthorityMinistry of Finance and Economic DevelopmentEthiopian Revenues and Customs Authority (ERCA)National Bank of EthiopiaEthiopian Social Security AgenciesFederal and Regional state courtsOffice of Auditor GeneralAudit service Corporationcommercial codeRelevant taxation lawcredit directivesMinistry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
Financial Transactions Reports manualsEvidence GuideCritical aspects ofCompetenceUnderpinningKnowledge andAttitudesUnderpinning SkillsPage 5 of 93Evidence of the ability to: demonstrate knowledge and understanding of theEthiopian legal system such that current statute, commonlaw and equitable principles can be applied, to particularfact circumstances in order to provide advice access information on relevant legislation, statutes,regulation and legal judgements draw conclusions having regard to the facts and relevantlaw develop organizational procedures to meet compliancerequirementsDemonstrates knowledge of: overview of Ethiopian legal systems and processes andthe context in which they operate including: basic principles common law roles and responsibilities of key organizations constitutional considerations separation of powers basic principles of the law of torts, particularly relatingto: negligence negligent misstatement main features of current legislation and its general impacton business operations in areas of: consumer law corporations law, including different businessorganizational structures and regulations for: public and private companies trusts partnerships sole traders property law superannuation law taxation lawDemonstrates: communication skills to: consult with others about legal information andcompliance requirements liaise with others, share information, listen andunderstand use language and concepts appropriate to culturaldifferencesMinistry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
IT skills to access and use appropriate software such asspreadsheets and databases and internet information learning skills to maintain knowledge of changes tocompliance legislation and requirements research skills to: find statutory and regulatory legal requirements andprecedents access and manage information interpret documentation coordinate tasks problem solving skills to: address compliance issues apply statute, regulation and precedent to a client’scircumstances reading skills to: read text books, newspapers and journals read and understand relevant legislation and regulation read and understand legal precedent and rulings self-management skills to comply with ethical, legal andprocedural requirementsAccess is required to real or appropriately simulatedsituations, including work areas, materials and equipment,and to information on workplace practices and OHS practices.Competency may be assessed through: Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning Observation / DemonstrationCompetency may be assessed in the work place or in asimulated work place setting. ResourcesImplicationAssessmentMethodsContext ofAssessmentPage 6 of 93Ministry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
Occupational Standard: Accounts and Budget Service Level IVUnit TitleUnit CodeUnit DescriptorPrepare Financial Statements for Non-Reporting EntitiesBUF ACB4 02 0812This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills andknowledge required to develop a range of commonly requiredfinancial reports for entities that do not have a statutory dutyto file financial reports with government agencies andregulators.ElementsPerformance Criteria1. Compile data1.1Data is systematically coded, classified and checked foraccuracy and reliability in accordance withorganizational policies and procedures1.2Internal and external financial data is checked to ensureconsistency and accuracy2.1Charts, diagrams and supporting data are presented inan appropriate manner2.2Reports are prepared following a clear and appropriatestructure and format and to conform with organizationrequirements2.3Statements and data are error free and comprehensivewith the full report cross-checked against original dataand accounting standards2.4Any necessary corrections are made and verified andauthorized by relevant persons2. Prepare reportsVariableRangeData may include: budgets and forecasts financial and operational statements and reports: expenditures and receipts Statements of financial performance. financial management manuals recording and filing systems reporting requirements Standard financial analysis techniques. cash statements electronic forms financial year reports operating statements such as statements of financialOrganizationalpolicies andprocedures mayinclude:Report types andformats mayinclude:Page 7 of 93Ministry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
Organisations mayinclude:Relevant personsmay include: performancespreadsheetsStatements of financial position.not for profitpartnershipssole tradersregistered tax agentsEvidence GuideCritical aspects ofCompetenceUnderpinningKnowledge andAttitudesUnderpinning SkillsPage 8 of 93Evidence of the ability to: interpret and comply with organizational policies andprocedures access, analyze and compile relevant financial data draft comprehensive and accurate reports and financialstatementsDemonstrates knowledge of: ethical considerations for the handling of financial mattersincluding conflict of interests financial legislation including for: taxable transactions reporting requirements forecasting and analysis techniques methods of presenting financial data options, methods and practices for deductions, benefitsand depreciations organizational guidelines and procedures principles of double-entry bookkeeping and accrualaccountingDemonstrates: communication skills to: determine and confirm report requirements, usingquestioning and active listening as required liaise with others, share information, listen andunderstand use language and concepts appropriate to culturaldifferences literacy skills to: read and interpret documentation from a variety ofsources read and interpret financial statements and reports well-developed writing skills for preparing reports andrecommendations, recording and classifying financialinformation numeracy skills for financial calculations and analysis IT skills for setting up and analysing spreadsheetsMinistry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
estimating, forecasting and analysis skillsorganizational skills, including the ability to plan andsequence work and meet organizational timelinesAccess is required to real or appropriately simulatedsituations, including work areas, materials and equipment,and to information on workplace practices and OHS practices.Competency may be assessed through: Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning Observation / DemonstrationCompetency may be assessed in the work place or in asimulated work place setting. ResourcesImplicationAssessmentMethodsContext ofAssessmentPage 9 of 93Ministry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
Occupational Standard: Accounts and Budget Service Level IVUnit TitleUnit CodeUnit DescriptorSet up and Operate a Computerized Accounting SystemBUF ACB4 03 0812This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills andknowledge required to modify and operate an integratedcomputerised accounting system. This is generally undersupervision and encompasses processing transactions withinthe system, maintaining the system, producing reports andensuring system integrity.ElementsPerformance Criteria1. Implement anintegratedaccountingsystem1.1 The general ledger, chart of accounts and subsidiaryaccounts are implemented in accordance withorganizational requirements, procedures andpolicies1.2 Customers, suppliers and inventory items are set up inthe system to meet organizational requirements and thereporting requirements of Goods and Services Tax1.3 Appropriate technical help is used to solve anyoperational problems2. Processtransactionswithin thesystem2.1 Input data is collected, coded and classified beforeprocessing2.2 A wide range of cash and credit transactions areprocessed in both a service and trading environment2.3 The general journal is used to make any balance dayadjustments for prepayments and accruals2.4 System output are regularly reviewed to verify theaccuracy of data input and adjustments made for anydetected processing errors2.5 An end of financial year rollover is performed3. Maintain thesystem3.1 Any new general ledger accounts, customer, supplier,inventory and fixed asset records are added as required3.2 An existing chart of accounts, customer, supplier,inventory and fixed asset records and subsidiaryaccounts are maintained and updated3.3 The chart of accounts is customized to meet thereporting requirements of the organization4. Produce reportsPage 10 of 934.1 Reports to indicate the financial performance andfinancial position of the organization and for Goods andServices Tax purposes are generated as required orMinistry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
requested4.2 Reports to ensure that subsidiary ledgers andaccounts reconcile with the general ledger are generated4.3 Reports, which ensure that the bank account reconcileswith the bank statement, over at least two reportingperiods are generated5. Ensure systemintegrity5.1 Regular back-ups of the system are made to ensureagainst loss or corruption of data5.2 Data are restored from back-ups in the event of loss orcorruption of current data5.3 A secure record of all processed transactions ismaintained for audit purposesVariableRangeChart of accountsmay include: Organizationalrequirements,procedures andpolicies mayinclude: Appropriatetechnical help mayinclude: Page 11 of 93classified expenses by typecurrent assetscurrent liabilitiesequityincomenon-current assetsnon-current liabilitiestransferreceivablepayableAccounting Standardscorporate governancecorrectly identifying and opening files within anorganizational permitelectronic and paper-based recordinglog on and system security proceduresorganizational health and safety (OHS) policies,procedures and programsstoring data to security requirements and for appropriatefuture accesscomputer help desk personneldesignated technology assistance staffexternal staff employed or recommended by the softwaresupplier to assist with difficultiesmanagers and supervisorson-screen helponline helpsoftware manualsMinistry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
Transactions mayinclude:Balance dayadjustments mayinclude:Reports mayinclude:Subsidiary ledgersmay include: adjustment notesbad debtsbank reconciliationcash sales and depositscheque paymentscommencing business entrycommissioncontra entriescredit card paymentscustomer paymentsdiscounts : financial salesfunds transfersinventory stock takeloanspetty cashpurchase and sale of stockpurchase invoicespurchase orderssales invoicessupplier paymentswithdrawal of stock and assets by owneraccrued expensesdepreciationdoubtful debtsprepaid expensesrevenue received in advanceaged payables and reconciliationaged receivables and reconciliationasset listingauditable transaction trailbalance sheetbank reconciliationbusiness activity statementcustomer statementsinventory listingProfit and loss.accounts payableaccounts receivablefixed assetsinventoryEvidence GuideCritical aspects ofPage 12 of 93Evidence of the ability to:Ministry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
CompetenceUnderpinningKnowledge andAttitudesUnderpinning SkillsResourcesImplicationAssessmentMethodsContext ofAssessmentPage 13 of 93set up an organization’s chart of accounts by modifying anestablished integrated financial software system interpret and apply organizational policies and procedures implement an integrated accounting system ensuringintegrity of the data process transactions within the integrated system andgenerate reports maintain the integrated systemDemonstrates knowledge of: organizational procedures and policies relating tomaintaining financial records principles and practices of accrual accounting principles of double entry accounting relevant financial services industry legislation and statutoryrequirements the characteristics and included information in relevantsource documents of financial dataDemonstrates: communication skills to: determine and confirm work requirements, usingquestioningand active listening as required liaise with others, share information, listen andunderstand use language and concepts appropriate to culturaldifferences research skills such as: accessing and managing information interpreting documentation numeracy skills for financial calculations and analysis well-developed IT skills for modifying and using integratedfinancial software literacy skills for identifying and using financial data from avariety of sources problem solving skills to identify any issues that have thepotential to impact on the data entry and reporting processand to develop options to resolve these issues when theyarise organizational skills, including the ability to plan andsequence workAccess is required to real or appropriately simulatedsituations, including work areas, materials and equipment,and to information on workplace practices and OHS practices.Competency may be assessed through: Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning Observation / DemonstrationCompetency may be assessed in the work place or in asimulated work place setting. Ministry of EducationCopyrightAccounts and Budget ServiceEthiopian Occupational StandardVersion 2August 2012
Occupational Standard: Accounts and Budget Service Level IVUnit DescriptorApply Principles of Professional Practice to Work in theFinancial Services IndustryBUF ACB4 04 0812This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills andknowledge required to identify industry professionalapproaches to procedures, guidelines, policies and standards,including ethical requirements and model and meetexpectations of these in all aspects of w
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