TYPES OF COMPUTER - Atishvision

CHAPTER-1COMPUTERFUNDAMENTAL ATISH SHRESTHA

CONTENTSi) Computer : Definitionii) Working Principle of computeriii) Characteristics of Modern Computeriv) Application Areas of Computerv) Advantages / Disadvantages atish shrestha

DEFINITIONA computer is an electronic machinethat is used for data processing toproduce information. The term‘computer’ has been derived from aLatin word ‘computare’ meaning‘calculation’. Computer is one of themost useful electronic machines inthis modern world. Computer canprocess both numerical and nonnumerical (arithmetic and logical)operations. atish shrestha

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COMPUTERComputer works on the basis of IPO cycle. atish shrestha

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COMPUTERINPUT: Input is the data or instructions given tothe computer through input devices likekeyboard, mouse etc.PROCESS: Process is the manipulation of data asper given instruction. It is totally inner processof the computer system.OUTPUT: Output is the information displayed bythe computer through output devices likemonitor, printer etc.STORAGE: When the data are processed, theyare stored in storage devices like hard disk, flashdrive etc. atish shrestha

CHARACTERISTICSOFMODERN ic OperationDiligenceVersatilityReliability atish shrestha

CHARACTERISTICSOFMODERN COMPUTERS1. Speed: - As you know computer can work very fast.It takes only few seconds for calculations that we takehours to complete. You will be surprised to know thatcomputer can perform millions (1,000,000) ofinstructions and even more per second.2. Accuracy: - The degree of accuracy of computer isvery high and every calculation is performed with thesame accuracy. The errors in computer are due tohuman and inaccurate data. atish shrestha

CHARACTERISTICSOFMODERN COMPUTERS3. Storage: - The Computer has an in-built memorywhere it can store a large amount of data. You canalso store data in secondary storage devices such asfloppies, which can be kept outside your computerand can be carried to other computers.4. Automatic Operation: Once the instruction is givento the computer to do any work, the computer does itautomatically by itself. atish shrestha

CHARACTERISTICSOFMODERN COMPUTERS5. Diligence: - A computer is free from tiredness, lack ofconcentration, fatigue, etc. It can work for hours withoutcreating any error. If millions of calculations are to beperformed, a computer will perform every calculationwith the same accuracy. Due to this capability itoverpowers human being in routine type of work.6. Versatility: - It means the capacity to performcompletely different type of work. You may use yourcomputer to prepare payroll slips. Next moment you mayuse it for inventory management or to prepare electricbills. atish shrestha

CHARACTERISTICSOFMODERN COMPUTERS7. Reliability: - A computer is a reliable machine sincethe computer can do its work faster, accurately andwithout taking rest. It also stores data for future use. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER1. Business2. Education3. Marketing4. Banking5. Insurance6. Communication7. Health Care8. Military9. Engineering Design atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER1. BusinessA computer has high speed of calculation, diligence,accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made itan integrated part in all business organizations.Computer is used in business organizations for Payroll calculations Budgeting Sales analysis Financial forecasting Managing employee database Maintenance of stocks, etc. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER2. EducationThe computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in theeducation system. The computer provides a tool in the education systemknown as CBE (Computer Based Education). Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph ofnumber of computer students. There are a number of methods in which educationalinstitutions can use a computer to educate thestudents. It is used to prepare a databaseabout performance of a studentand analysis is carried out on thisbasis. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER3. MarketingIn marketing, uses of the computer are following Advertising With computers, advertisingprofessionals create art and graphics, write andrevise copy, and print and disseminate ads withthe goal of selling more products. Home Shopping Home shopping has been madepossible through the use of computerizedcatalogues that provide access to productinformation and permit direct entry of orders tobe filled by the customers. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER4. BankingToday, banking is almost totallydependent on computers. Banksprovide the following facilities Online accounting facility, which includes checkingcurrent balance, making deposits and overdrafts,checking interest charges, shares, and trusteerecords. ATM machines which are completely automatedare making it even easier for customers to dealwith banks. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER5. InsuranceInsurance companies are keeping allrecords up-to-date with the help ofcomputers. The insurance companies,finance houses and stock broking firmsare widely using computers for theirconcerns.6. CommunicationCommunication means to convey amessage, an idea, a picture or speechthat is received and understood clearlyand correctly by the person for whom itis meant for. Some main areas in thiscategory are: Chatting, E-mail, FTP,Video-conferencing and Telnet. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER7. Health CareComputers have become an important part inhospitals, labs, and dispensaries. They arebeing used in hospitals to keep the record ofpatients and medicines. It is also used inscanning and diagnosing different diseases.ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT scans, etc. arealso done by computerized machines.8. MilitaryComputers are the main tools which help indeveloping missiles and other equipment inthe defense system. Designing and themaintenance are possible only throughcomputers. Computer builds the linksbetween the soldiers and commanders atish shresthathrough the satellite.

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER9. Engineering Designcomputers aid in designing buildings,roads, bridges and many others. Theconstruction layouts are designedbeautifully on system using differenttools and software. One of the majorareas is CAD (Computer Aided Design)thatprovidescreationandmodification of images. atish shrestha

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER1) It helps to produce error free documents.2) Computers simplify our work and help us savetime, money and effort.3) Data stored in computer can be used for multiplepurpose.4) Communication is cheaper and faster.5) Computershavecreatedemploymentopportunities in the field of designing, teaching,manufacturing etc.6) The use of computer can make teaching andlearning more effective and interesting. atish shrestha

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER1) It is expensive to install and update the fastchanging technology.2) Accidental loss of data may cause a seriousproblem.3) It decreases interpersonal relationship as thecomputer users fully rely on computers tocommunicate.4) Continuous and regular use of computer may leadto health problems.5) Computers cannot think and decide on its own.6) It has given rise to several computer crimes. atish shrestha

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The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE (Computer Based Education). Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer students. There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a computer to educate the students. It is used to prepare a database