Making Predictions - Cengage
6UNITFuture LivingAcAdemic PAthwAysLesson A: Understanding pronoun referenceEvaluating a writer’s attitudeLesson B: Understanding a multimodal textLesson C: Using pronouns to avoid repetitionWriting sentences about the futureThink and Discuss1. How do you think life will be different 50 yearsfrom now? How about in 100 years?2. Do you think we will live on other planetssomeday? Why, or why not?Robovie, a talking robot, helps a 69-year-old womanwith her supermarket shopping in Kyoto, Japan.10142139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 1017/19/12 9:46 PM
Exploring the ThemeA. Look at the information in “MakingPredictions” and answer the questions.1. What past predictions were correct?2. What past predictions wereincorrect?B. Look at the information in “What WillLife Be Like in 2025?” and answerthe questions.1. What predictions for 2025 are likelyto happen, in your opinion?2. What predictions for 2025 are notlikely to happen? Why not?Making PredictionsIn 1900, an American engineer, John Watkins, made some predictions about life in2000. Many of his predictions were correct. Among other things, Watkins predictedtelevision, mobile phones, and digital photographs.However, predictions are often very difficult to get right. Here are some examples:“The telephone [cannot] be seriously considered as a means of communication.”— Western Union memo, 1876“I have no faith in [flying machines] other than ballooning.”— William Thomson, British scientist, 1899“All the calculations . . . in this country could be done on three digital computers. No oneelse would ever need machines of their own, or would be able to afford to buy them.”— Cambridge University Professor Douglas Hartree, 195110 2 UNIT 642139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 1027/19/12 9:46 PM
What Will Life Be Like in 2025?A man chats withBina48, a human-likerobotic head.Here are some experts’ predictions for life in 2025: Most cars will be electric, and they will drive by themselves. Most of our energy will come from the sun, not oil. People will be able to record and replay their memories. Most families will own a robot. Some robots will have rights, such as the right to own property or run a business.FUTUre LIvINg42139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 103 10 37/19/12 9:46 PM
LESSoN AP r E PA r I N g T o r E A DA Building Vocabulary. Find the words and phrases in blue in the reading passage on pages105–106. Read the words around them and try to guess their meanings. Then match thesentence parts below to make definitions.WordPartners2. You use “entire”a. you tell people what you thinkthey should do.3. You say “for instance”b. to give an example.4. If you suggest something,c. it can understand and learn things.5. If something has intelligence,d. to describe all of something.1. If things adapt to you,Use intelligencewith adjectives:human intelligence,ambient intelligence,artificial intelligence.e. they change in order to deal with you.B Building Vocabulary. Find the words and phrases in blue in the reading passage on pages105–106. Read the words around them and try to guess their meanings. Then completethe sentences.keep track oflinknetwork1. The2. Apatterntemperatureon Mars is much lower than on Earth.connects all the computers in a computer lab.3. Some people use the calendar in their phone to4. Some people prefer a stripedplain walls instead.5. You canconnect wirelessly.their appointments.on their walls; others preferyour computer with the Internet using a cable, or you canC Using Vocabulary. Answer the questions. Discuss your ideas with a partner.1. What do you think the temperature outside is today?2. How do you keep track of news events?3. What patterns can you see around you (for example, on people’s clothes or on book covers)?D Brainstorming. List some technologies that make life easier or more fun today than in the past.Technologies That Make Life Easierhigh-speed trainsTechnologies That Make Life More Fun3-D moviesE Predicting. Scan the reading passage on pages 105–106 quickly. Underline fivesentences with will.What do you think the passage is about?a. schools in the future10 4 b. offices in the futurec. homes in the futureUNit 642139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 1047/19/12 9:46 PM
rEADINgHow WillWe Live ?s.nWill the homes of the future be located in tall skyscrapers like thesein Dubai? And what will life inside the home really be like?track 2-01A)?Picture this: You wake up in the morning. A soft light turns on in your room. You go into thebathroom and the shower starts. The water is the perfect temperature. After your shower, you go intothe kitchen. Your favorite breakfast is already cooked, and it’s on the table, ready to eat. Now it’s timeto go to work. It’s a rainy day. You live alone, but you find that your umbrella and hat are already bythe door.How is all this possible? Welcome to your future life!st.Appliances That TalkBTechnology will allow homes in the future to be “smart.” Appliances will communicate with eachother—and with you. Your stove, for instance, will tell you when your food is cooked and ready to eat.Refrigerators will suggest recipes based on food items you already have.CThe technology is possible because of tiny information-storing devices called RFID1 chips. Peoplealready use them to keep track of pets and farm animals. Future RFID chips will store informationabout all the items in your cabinets.2 For example, they will record the date that you bought eachitem. Other devices will “read” this information using radio waves. When you need more food, yourcabinets will tell you to buy it.12RFID is “radio-frequency identification.”A cabinet is a type of cupboard used for storing medicine, drinks, and other items.FUTUre LIvINg42139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 105 10 57/19/12 9:46 PM
rEADINgLESSoN AHouses That ThinkDAre you tired of the color or pattern of your walls? In a smart home, you won’t have to repaintthem. The walls will actually be digital screens, like computer or TV screens. The technology iscalled OLED,3 and it’s here already. OLEDs are tiny devices that use electricity to light things.You can find the same technology in today’s thin TV screens. OLED walls will become clear, likewindows, or display colors and patterns, like walls.EA computer network will link these walls with everything else in your house. Called “ambient4intelligence,” this computer “brain” will control your entire house. It will also adapt to yourpreferences. Your house will learn about your likes and dislikes. It will then use that knowledgeto control the environment. For example, it will set the heat in the house to your favoritetemperature. It will turn on the shower at the right temperature. It will also darken the windowsat night and lighten them when it’s time to wake up.Robots ThatFeel?FBut how about your cooked breakfast,and the umbrella and hat you found bythe door? For those, you can thank yourrobot helper. Futurologists predict thatmany homes will have robots in the future.Robots already do many things suchas building cars and vacuuming floors.But scientists today are starting to buildfriendlier, more intelligent robots—onesthat people will feel more comfortablehaving around in the house.GSociable5 robots will be able to showfeelings with their faces, just like humans.They will smile and frown, make eyecontact, and speak. These robots will dowork around the house such as cookingand cleaning. They will even take care ofchildren and the elderly.HHow soon will this smart home be areality? There’s a good chance it will be apart of your life in 25 or 30 years, perhapssooner. Much of the technology isalready here.3410 6 OLED means “organic light-emitting diode.”Ambient refers to what is around you.PR2Developer: Willow Grange, USAAbilities: cooks breakfast; takes care of elderlypeople; delivers mail5If you are sociable, you are friendly.UNit 642139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 1067/19/12 9:46 PM
U N D E r S TA N D I N g T h E r E A D I N gA Understanding the Gist. Look back at your answer for exercise E on page 104.Was your prediction correct?B Identifying Main Ideas. Look back at the reading on pages 105–106. Match eachmain idea below to a paragraph from the reading (A–H).1. An electronic system called “ambient intelligence” will control an entire house.2. RFID technology will allow parts of the house to communicate with us.3. OLED screens will change the way your walls look.4. Intelligent homes may be a part of our everyday life within 30 years.5. Robots that act like humans will do housework and take care of people.C Identifying Key Details. Read each statement below. Then circle T for true and F forfalse, according to the reading. Correct the false statements.Appliances That Talk1. Someday, kitchen cabinets will tell you it’s time to buy more food.TF2. RFID chips are already used today for keeping track of children.TF3. People will change their wall patterns using RFID technology.TF4. Darkening windows at night is an example of ambient intelligence.TF5. Scientists are building robots that can help take care of elderly people.TF6. Robots will soon be more intelligent and sociable than humans.TFHouses That ThinkRobots That Feel?D Critical Thinking: Evaluating Attitude. Work with a partner. First, circle the wordsto complete this sentence.The author of the reading passage on pages 105–106 seems positive (optimistic) /negative (pessimistic) about the future.Find examples that support your answer. Look for words and phrases the writer usesto describe the scene in the opening paragraph. Does the description make life soundpleasant or unpleasant?Look at how the writer describes appliances, houses, and robots. Does the writermake these devices sound practical (useful) or impractical (not useful)?Now discuss this question with your partner: Do you agree with the writer’s attitudeabout the future? Why, or why not?CT FocusEvaluating awriter’s attitudemeans thinkingabout how theyfeel about thesubject. Askyourself: Is theauthor generallypositive ornegative? Do Iagree or disagreewith his or herattitude?E Personalizing. Discuss answers to these questions in a small group.1. Which future technologies in the reading would you like to have in your home?2. Are there other household technologies you would like to have?FUTUre LIvINg42139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 107 10 77/19/12 9:46 PM
DE v ELoPINg r E A DINg S kILL SLESSoN AReading Skill: Understanding Pronoun ReferencePronouns usually refer to nouns that appear earlier in a text. The pronoun may refer to a noun earlier inthe sentence, or in a previous sentence. It’s important to understand which noun a pronoun refers to.Subject pronouns usually refer back to subjects in sentences:Your favorite breakfast is already cooked, and it’s on the table, ready to eat.subjectsubject pronounObject pronouns usually refer back to objects in sentences:When you need more food, your cabinets will tell you to buy it.objectobject pronounNote: Pronouns always match the nouns they refer to in number and in gender.A Matching. Underline the subject and object pronouns in the following paragraph aboutWakamaru. Then draw an arrow to the noun that each pronoun refers to.Engineers in Japan built a sociable robot named Wakamaru. Theytrack 2-02designed Wakamaru to help and serve people in a friendly, caring,and intelligent way. Wakamaru can recognize faces and usegestures. It knows 10,000 words and can use them to talk topeople about the weather and other subjects. Wakamaru can domany tasks for a family. For example, at night, it moves quietlyaround the house, but it can wake family members up if there isany trouble. During the day, Wakamaru can also send thememail and text messages.B Understanding Pronoun Reference. Find these sentencesin the reading passage on pages 105–106. Write the word(s) thateach underlined pronoun refers to.1. Paragraph C: People already use them to keep track of petsand farm animals.them 2. Paragraph C: For example, they will record the date that you bought each item.they 3. Paragraph D: The technology is called OLED, and it’s here already.it 4. Paragraph G: They will smile and frown, make eye contact, and speak.They 10 8 UNit 642139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 1087/19/12 9:46 PM
vIEWINgColonizing MarsBefore ViewingA Using a Dictionary. Here are some words you will hear in the video. Complete each definition withthe correct word. Use your dictionary to help you.ambitiouscolonize1. A2. If you3. If you are4. If an idea is5. A6. If youcrediblefrontiermissionrestoreis an important job that usually involves travel.a place, you go there and control it., you want very much to be successful., it is believable.is an area where people are just starting to live.a place, you make it the way it was in the past.B Predicting. Do you think humans could live on Mars now? How about in the future?Discuss your ideas with a partner.While ViewingA As you view the video, circle whether statements 1-4 are true (T) or false (F).1. Only a few unmanned missions have gone to Mars.TF2. There are some places on Earth that are similar to the surface of Mars.TF3. We are certain that there never was any life on Mars.TF4. Scientists believe that humans could live on Mars in the future.TFAfter ViewingA Discuss the statements (1–4) above with a partner. Correct the false statements.B Synthesizing. Which technologies in the reading on pages 105–106 might be useful for living on Mars?FUTUre LIvINg42139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 109 10 97/19/12 9:46 PM
LESSoN BP r E PA r I N g T o r E A DA Building Vocabulary. Read the paragraph below. Notice the words in blue. These are wordsthat you will see in the reading passage on pages 112–113. Match each word with its definition.We know that it is very cold on Mars. Scientists recorded the temperature of Mars in severalplaces on the planet. They took these temperatures to discover the average temperature onMars, which is minus 60 degrees Celsius. Because the temperature is so low, there is no liquidon Mars, only ice. Carbon dioxide (a gas) is trapped in this ice—it cannot get out. However,heat can melt the ice and turn it into water. This can release the carbon dioxide and let itinto the atmosphere. When the level of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, Mars willbecome warmer.1. averagea. a substance that flows freely, for example, water or oil2. trappedb. stop holding; let go3. liquid4. release5. levelc. the normal, or typical, amount of somethingd. a point on a scale, usually showing the amount ofsomethinge. held and kept from movingB Building Vocabulary. Find the words in blue in the reading passage on pages 112–113.Read the words around them and try to guess their meanings. Then match the sentenceparts below to make definitions.1. A surveyWordPartnersPlant is both a nounand a verb:(n.) l. a living thing thatgrows in the earth:a tomato plant;a healthy plant;2. a factory, ora place where poweris produced:an assembly plant;a nuclear powerplant;(v.) put in the ground:plant a tree; planta flag.110 2. A goal3. When you breathe,4. A factory5. A planta. is a place where people use machines tomake things.b. is a living thing that grows in the earth witha stem, leaves, and roots.c. is the aim or purpose of an activity.d. is an activity in which people try to getinformation.e. you take air into your lungs.UNit 642139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 1107/19/12 9:46 PM
C Using Vocabulary. Answer the questions in complete sentences.Then share your sentences with a partner.1. What is one of your main goals in life? How will you achieve it?2. What is the average temperature in your area?3. What kind of plants grow well in your area?WordUsageAverage has noun andadjective forms:(n.) 1. In math, the result ofadding two or more amountsand then dividing the totalby the number of amounts:The average temperatureis 70 degrees. 2. the normalamount or quality for aparticular group: Rainfall wastwice the average for thistime of year.(adj.) 1. typical, normal: Theaverage adult man burns1,550 to 2,000 calories a day.2. ordinary: Wakamaru is notan average robot.4. Are there many factories in your area? What do they make?5. When was the last time you gave information in a survey?D Predicting. Read the title and look at the pictures and captions of the reading passageon pages 112–113. What do you think the passage is about?a. the technology we will use to travel to Mars and other planetsb. what an average day on Mars will be like for people in the futurec. how we can make Mars a place where people can liveFUTUre LIvINg42139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 111 1117/19/12 9:46 PM
LeSSOn BReadingAt Home on Mars3142AWill humans someday live and work on Mars? Many scientists think so.In fact, they are already working on plans to turn Mars into a new Earth.BHumans need three basic things to live: water to drink, air to breathe, and food to eat. Because of the lackof these necessities, it isn’t possible to live on Mars right now. For one thing, there is not enough oxygen.There is also no liquid water—just some ice. So how can we make Mars habitable?1 The answer, sayscientists, is a process called terraforming.CTerraforming means changing the environment of a planet so that it is similar to Earth’s. On Mars, theaverage temperature is about minus 60 degrees Celsius. So one of the main goals of terraforming Marsis to warm it up. One idea for warming Mars comes from a problem here on Earth—climate change.Most scientists agree that Earth is becoming warmer due to increased levels of greenhouse gases in ouratmosphere. We might create similar conditions on Mars by building factories that release greenhouse gases.The gases will change the atmosphere on Mars. Rain will fall, and it may be possible to grow plants forfood. The plants will add more oxygen to the air.DThere will be many difficulties in terraforming Mars. The project could take many centuries, and the costwill be high. We have some of the technology, such as the ability to create greenhouse gases, but not themoney. However, life on Mars is a real possibility for future generations.track 2-03111 2 If a place is habitable, you can live there.UNIT 642139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 1127/20/12 9:46 AM
56Turning the Red Planet Green1First VisitsETerraforming Mars will probably be a thousandyear project, starting with several surveymissions. The flight to Mars will take six months,and each mission might last 18 months.2F3G4Life under DomesHEnormous domes will provide climatecontrolled living spaces, first for plants andlater for humans. It will take centuries toimprove the rocky surface so that peoplecan grow plants.Each new mission will build more habitationmodules—places to live. These will allow futurevisitors to spend more time on Mars and learnmore about living on the planet.5Powering the PlanetGlobal Warming6Homes on MarsTo warm up the planet and to make water flowand create an atmosphere, we will need to increasethe carbon dioxide level on Mars. Greenhousegases will melt the ice in Mars’s polar regions.When the ice becomes water, the water will releasethe carbon dioxide that was trapped inside the ice.IJNuclear power2 and wind turbines3 are twocurrent technologies that we might be ableto use on Mars for power.Don’t Forget YourMaskEven 1,000 years from now, there maystill not be enough oxygen for humans tobreathe. People on Mars may still need touse equipment similar to scuba gear.4Nuclear power comes from the energy that is released when the central parts of atoms are split or combined.Wind turbines are engines with blades. They produce power when wind spins the blades.4Scuba gear is equipment that helps people breathe underwater.23Future Living42139 ch06 ptg01 hr 101-120.indd 113 11 37/20/12 9:46 AM
LESSoN BU N D E r S TA N D I N g T h E r E A D I N gA Understanding the Gist. Look back at your answer for exercise D on page 111. Was yourprediction correct?B Identifying Key Details. Complete the following sentences with in
Life Be Like in 2025?” and answer the questions. 1. W hat predictions for 2025 are likely to happen, in your opinion? 2. What predictions for 2025 are not likely to happen? Why not? 102 UNIT 6 Making Predictions In 1900, an American engineer, John Watkins, made some predictions about life in 2000. Many of his predictions were correct.
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