BODHI
BODHIInternational Journal of Research inHumanities, Arts and ScienceAn Online, Peer reviewed, Refereed and Quarterly JournalVol: 2Special Issue: 3April 2018E-ISSN: 2456-5571UGC approved Journal (J. No. 44274)CENTRE FOR RESOURCE, RESEARCH &PUBLICATION SERVICES (CRRPS)www.crrps.in www.bodhijournals.com
BODHIBODHI International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts andScience (ISSN: 2456-5571) is online, peer reviewed, Refereed andQuarterly Journal, which is powered & published by Center for Resource,Research and Publication Services, (CRRPS) India. It is committed tobring together academicians, research scholars and students from all overthe world who work professionally to upgrade status of academic careerand society by their ideas and aims to promote interdisciplinary studies inthe fields of humanities, arts and science.The journal welcomes publications of quality papers on research inhumanities, arts, science. agriculture, anthropology, education,geography, advertising, botany, business studies, chemistry, commerce,computer science, communication studies, criminology, cross culturalstudies, demography, development studies, geography, library science,methodology, management studies, earth sciences, economics, bioscience,entrepreneurship, fisheries, history, information science & technology,law, life sciences, logistics and performing arts (music, theatre & dance),religious studies, visual arts, women studies, physics, fine art,microbiology, physical education, public administration, philosophy,political sciences, psychology, population studies, social science,sociology, social welfare, linguistics, literature and so on.Research should be at the core and must be instrumental in generating amajor interface with the academic world. It must provide a newtheoretical frame work that enable reassessment and refinement of currentpractices and thinking. This may result in a fundamental discovery and anextension of the knowledge acquired. Research is meant to establish orconfirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous works, solve new or existingproblems, support theorems; or develop new theorems. It empowers thefaculty and students for an in-depth approach in research. It has thepotential to enhance the consultancy capabilities of the researcher. Inshort, conceptually and thematically an active attempt to provide thesetypes of common platforms on educational reformations through researchhas become the main objective of this Journal.Dr. S. BalakrishnanPublisher and Editor - in - Chiefbodhijournal@gmail.comwww.bodhijournals.com
BODHI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFRESEARCH IN HUMANITIES, ARTS AND SCIENCE (BIJRHAS)An Online, Peer reviewed, Refereed and Quarterly JournalEDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERSPublisher and Editor-in-ChiefDr. S. BalakrishnanExecutive Director,Centre for Resource, Research and Publication Services (CRRPS)Tamil Nadu, IndiaVice Editor-in-ChiefsDr. Manimangai ManiSenior Lecturer, Department of English,Faculty of Modern Languages andCommunication, Universiti Putra Malaysia,Selangor, MalaysiaDr. B. JeyanthiAssistant Professor & HOD of English,Anna University, Tirunelveli Region,Tamil Nadu, IndiaDr. Mamta BrahmbhattAssociate Professor of Management,B.K. School of Business Management,Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaDr. T. MarxSenior Lecturer, Department of English,Faculty of Modern Languages andCommunication, Universiti Putra Malaysia,Selangor, MalaysiaPradeep D. WaghmareAssistant Professor of History,Ramnarain Ruia College,Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaMr. B.P. PereiraVisiting Professor of English in Journalism,Madurai Kamaraj University,Madurai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaEditorial / Review BoardDr. Sunil S. NarwadeProfessor, Dept. of Economics,Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar MarathwadaUniversity, Aurnagabad, Maharashtra, IndiaDr. V.N. KendreAssistant Professor of Sociology,University of Mumbai, Mumbai,Maharashtra, IndiaDr. Nana PradhanAssistant Professor of Physics,Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai,Maharashtra, IndiaDr. Prasenjit PandaAssistant Professor, Dept. of English & ForeignLanguages, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya,Koni, Chattisgarh, IndiaDr. H.S. RakeshAssistant Professor of History,Davangere University, Karnataka, IndiaDr. Indira BanerjiAssistant Professor of English, Yogoda SatsangaMahavidyalaya, Ranchi University, Ranchi,Jharkhand, IndiaDr. Punam PandeyAssistant Professor, Dept. of English & ModernEuropean Languages, JR HandicappedUniversity, Chitrakoot, UP, IndiaDr. Harshad BhosaleAssistant Professor of Political Science,Kirti College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Dr. H.M. KantharajAssistant Co-ordinator of Education,Davangere University, Karnataka, IndiaDr. Vipin Kumar PandeyAssociate Professor of English & Other ForeignLanguage, DSM National RehabilitationUniversity, Lucknow, UP, IndiaDr. B.V. Dhananjaya MurthyAssistant Professor of Political Science,Davangere University, Karnataka, IndiaDr. Vijaykumar ChavanAssistant Professor of Chemistry,Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai,Maharashtra, IndiaDr. Vaishali PusateAssistant Professor of Zoology,Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai,Maharashtra, IndiaDr. P.V. MahalingeAssistant Professor of Hindi,Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai,Maharashtra, IndiaDr. Neelkanth BankarAssociate Professor of Psychology,University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDr. Rajeshwar AndhaleAssociate Professor of Mathematics,Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai,Maharashtra, IndiaDr. Vijay Shankar SharmaAssistant Professor of Special Education,DSM National Rehabilitation University,Lucknow, UP, IndiaDr. Anupama MujumdarAssistant Professor of Philosophy,Ruparel College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDr. Sunil ShankadarwarAssistant Professor of Botany,Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai,Maharashtra, IndiaDr. Parvez ShamimAssistant Professor of Physical Education &Sports, Government P.G. College, Noida,G.B. Nagar, UP, IndiaMr. Amit AgnihotriAssistant Professor & Head of InformationTechnology, JR Handicapped University,Chitrakoot, UP, India
FROM EDITORS’ DESK .The genesis of subaltern emerged as a critical concept. The concept of subaltern studiesprominence is derived from Marxism and Post-structuralism. One of the most recent sub divisionsof post-colonial theory is the subaltern studies. It is also interdisciplinary subject. The Italian thinkerAntonio Gramsci used the term ‘Subaltern’ and emphasized the significance of the word in terms ofclass, gender, caste, marginalization, race and culture of the society. The subaltern refers to anyspecific marginalized situation in any given cultural or social context. The advent of literary andcultural theories in the literary field has brought major changes in the way of rereading,reinterpreting and better understanding literature and culture. Subaltern consciousness is one of thecharacteristics of subalternity. The innovative, exciting, and intellectual discussion by the scholars ofall domains will induce a high order to instigate and instil the aspirants and the experts ofmultifaceted disciplines to a considerable empowerment of the peak to achieve the best out of thisBook which is of course literally one of the aims targeted too.The editorial team appreciates all the contributors for their research novelty and innovativeoutcomes. We also appreciate all the readers who invest their time to cherish these ideas intopractical steps. Language is to express and literature is to follow and live. We sincerely thank thepublishers and the team who put their effort to bring out this edited volume.At this Moment we make our Sincere thanks to Management and all faculty fraternity of EnglishDepartment for this Successful Academic event backed by their wholehearted contributions andsupports, which exhorted us at large that are really appreciably commendable.EditorsMrs.D.KARTHIGA RANIPrincipal, N.M.S. Sermathai Vasan College for Women, MaduraiMrs.K.P.BAKHYA SEEMAAssistant Professor & Head of EnglishN.M.S. Sermathai Vasan College for Women, MaduraiDr.S.BALAKRISHNANEditor cum Publisher, Bodhi International JournalMr.B.P.PEREIRAFounder Director, Speech Point, Madurai
BODHIINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN HUMANITIES, ARTS AND SCIENCEAn Online, Peer-reviewed, Refereed and Quarterly Journal with Impact FactorVol: 2Special Issue 3April 2018Aim & ObjectivesAcademic Excellence in research iscontinued promoting in research support for youngScholars. Multidisciplinary of research is motivatingall aspects of encounters across disciplines andresearch fields in an multidisciplinary views, byassembling research groups and consequentlyprojects, supporting publicationswith alization of research work is the unitseeks to develop its scholarly profile in researchthrough quality of publications. And visibility ofresearch is creating sustainable platforms forresearch and publication, such as series of Books;motivating dissemination of research results forpeople and society.DisclaimerContributors are advised to be strict inacademic ethics with respect to acknowledgmentof the original ideas borrowed from others. ThePublisher & editors will not be held responsible forany such lapse of the contributor regardingplagiarism and unwarranted quotations in theirmanuscripts. All submissions should be original andmust be accompanied by a declaration stating yourresearch paper as an original work and has notbeen published anywhere else. It will be the soleresponsibility of the authors for such lapses, if anyon legal bindings and ethical code of gmail.combeMailedtoE-ISSN: 2456-5571CONTENTSS.No1234567891011TitleLife at the Periphery: The Bluest EyeHoney WaliaFeminism in Meena Kandasamy“When I Hit You Or: A Portrait of theWriter as a Young Wife”Mrs.B.Jasmin Angel KumariSympathetic Portrayal of Women inNuruddin Farah’s From a Crooked RibP.SathyaHuman Relationship in Anita Nair’sLadies CoupeDr.V.Kalaiselvan & G.KayalvizhiSocial Pragmatism in Mulk RajAnand’s UntouchableG.KayalvizhiA White Lady’s Humanity andSympathy towards the Blacks :A Reflection of Non-Racial Attitude inNadine Gordimer’s ComradesDr.S.KarnelEthnicity and Identity in MaheshDattani’s The Tale of a MotherFeeding a ChildDr.K.MadhavarajanMarginalized Women Characters inSelect Short Stories of ShashiDeshpandeDr.J.Selva MalarThe Fangs of Caste System inArundhati Roy's The God of SmallThingsDr.K.Manju KumariLose of Identity Crisis in JaishreeMisra’s A Love Story of My SisterA.Muthu KaliQuest for Identity in the Novel of ArunJoshi: The 83136
121314151617181920212223242526The Aspects of Indian DiasporicWomanism in the Selected Works ofJhumpa LahiriDr.N.PriyadarshiniPrimitivism VS Materialism in ArunJoshi’s The Strange Case of BillyBiswasDr.N.MeenakshiA Study of Similarities between DalitLiterature and African AmericanLiteratureA.BuvaneswariFeminist Perspective in ShashiDeshpande’s That Long SilenceR.AnanthalakshmiGender and Sexuality in the ColorPurpleMs.G.Adhi MurugeswariFeminist Tract in Doris Lessing’sThe CleftR.ChinnamaruthayeeSubaltern Voices in Social Evil –Corruption in Education System withReference to Chetan Bhagat’sRevolution 2020S.PuvaneswariInternalised Racism in Toni Morrison’sThe Bluest EyeDr.P.VanithaThe Theme of Marital Disharmony inAnita Desai’s Where Shall we go thisSummer?R.RajalakshmiDiaspora Writing in Chitra BanerjeeDivakaruni’s “Arranged Marriage”Mrs.M.Akila & A.Mary GloryLiterature as Social Discourse Life ofAgony: A Study of Philip Roth’s NovelNemesisT.MalarvalliHypersensitivity in Anita Desai’s Cry,The PeacockB.LavanyaAn Insight into Subaltern StudiesDr.J.SripadmadeviBlanche Dubois: A Poignant Victim inTennessee Williams’ A StreetcarNamed DesireDr.C.PriyaCulture and Sexuality in ShyamSelvadurai’s Hungry 29Diasporic Predicaments as Projectedin Bapsi Sidwa’s Novels; A StudyP.SulochanaNation as an Imaginary Entity inRohinton Mistry’s Fine BalanceA.Gowsalya DeviSelf Immolation and Disembowelmentin the Pursuit of Beauty in ToniMorrison’s The Bluest EyeDr.R.C.Sheila Royappa &K.P.Bakhya Seema889092
Vol.2Special Issue 3April 2018E-ISSN: 2456-5571LIFE AT THE PERIPHERY: THE BLUEST EYEHoney WaliaAssistant Professor Department of English, Khalsa college for Women, Civil Lines, LudhianaAbstractMorrison's The Bluest Eye is an incisive probe into annihilation of a poor black girl, Pecola, placed in aracial predicament in an alien white world. The white cultural beauty constructs - Greta Garbo, GingerRogers, Jean Harlow, Shirley Temples, white baby dolls with blonde hair and blue eyes contribute tomarring the mindset of black girls - "The most destructive ideas in the history of human thought" romantic love and physical beauty, each perceived in accordance with what they exclude and created asdistant beyond. Pauline's lack of rootedness, identity crisis to quite an extent, paves the way for herdaughter's crisis and marginalised existence as well. Pecola, eventually does take that distant flight - theflight of freedom from the three fold marginalisation: of race, of gender and class. She had been compelledby the politics of culture to see others and herself through them and finally is not seen by herself until shehallucinates a self. The fact of her hallucination tragically connotes the "void" that is Pecola's 'un-being'.Through the character of Pecola, Morrison presents ramifications of embracing racial stereotypes, genderoppression and class construct. The Bluest Eye examines how aesthetic standards derived from whitecultural domain can shatter black people in more ways than one. Significantly, the reader is to see the otherand also to see what the other cannot see and use this enriched insight to facilitate the assimilation of themarginalized.IntroductionHer blackness is the antithesis of acreamy white skin, her lips are thick, herhair is kinky, and short. She is, in fact theantithesis of American beauty. in thiscountry she is ugly. when to her physicalunattractiveness added a discouragingdepreciating mother-family-environmentinto which she is born, there can be nodoubt that she will develop a damagedself-concept and an impairment of herfeminine racism (Hernton 10).Morrison's The Bluest Eye is an incisiveprobe into annihilation of a poor black girl,Pecola, placed in a racial predicament in analien white world. Rejected the day she is bornby her mother Pauline, for she is "ugly", sheyearns to have blue eyes for she believes shewould then be accepted in the white society.Her obsession for white beauty springs fromher hatred for 'peripheral existence" and herdesire for assimilation. She drinks threequarts of milk so that she can hold the ShirleyTemple cup, admire the image of ShirleyTemple and perhaps reduce the black whitedivide, at least in her mind. Fondness forMary Jane candies is primarily because she1thinks by eating those she becomes one withbeauty: "To eat candy is somehow to eat theeyes, eat Mary Jane, Love Mary Jane "(43).Gripped with intense desire to escape theugliness around she entreats, "please God,please make me disappear” (39) and graduallysenses all parts of her body dissolving excepther eyes: "Almost done, almost. Only hertight, tight eyes were left. They were alwaysleft "(15). Fixated with self-hatred she putsthe onus of ugliness and violence around ontoherself wrongly believing that her eyesperceived ugliness for these must be ugly andcorrespondingly, had these been beautiful itwould have been beauty alone that would beabsorbed.Pecola's existence is crippled for denialstares large at her face from all quarters. Hervisit to the store to purchase Mary Janecandies confirms her ugliness to her:"Somewhere, between retina and object,between vision and view, her eyes draw back,hesitate and hover. At some fixed point intime and space, he senses that he need notwaste the effort of a glance" (42). Looking upat Yacobowsky she "sees the vacuum wherecuriosity ought to lodge. The total absence ofBodhi International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science
Vol.2Special Issue 3humanrecognitiontheglazedseparateness"(42). Morrison here articulatesthe collective experience of black girls locatedin culturally marginalised existence. "She hasseen interest, disgust, even anger in grownmale eyes. Yes this vacuum is not new to her.It has an edge, somewhere in the bottom hidis the distaste. She has seen it lurking in theeyes of all white people. So, the distaste mustbe for her, her blackness" (42). Pecola sat forlong hours looking in the mirror, "trying todiscover the secret of the ugliness"(34), theugliness that made her ignored or despised atthe school. She is the only member of her classwho sat alone at a double desk. Her teacherstried never to glance at her, and called on heronly when everyone was required to respond.When one of the girls wished to insult a boy orto get an immediate response, she would say,"Bobby loves Pecola Breedlove! Bobby lovesPecola Breedlove!" and there would be peals oflaughter from those in the earshot and mockanger from the accused. She is convinced thather blackness accounts for the "vacuum edgedwith distaste in white eyes" (37).Pecola's ugliness is not singular. TheBreedlove family was convinced that theywere ugly. Perceiving themselves through theeyes of others, their sensibility is shaped bythe standards of white American culture.Morrison dwells on the processes and symbolsof imprinting the self abnegating for being theantithesis of all that society values. Uglinessbecomes all pervasive with Breedloves.You looked at them and wondered whythey were so ugly, you looked closely andcould not find the source. Then yourealised that it came from conviction, theirconviction. It was a thought somemysterious all knowing master had giveneach one a cloak of ugliness to wear, andthey had each accepted it withoutquestion. The master had said, "You areugly people". They had looked aboutthemselves and saw nothing to contradictthe statement" (28).2April 2018E-ISSN: 2456-5571In fact the movies, billboards, everythingseems to support the culturally skewedconcept of beauty reaffirming the ugliness ofblacks. Understandably then, Pecola ardentlyprays for "blue eyes" which alone shall deliverher from rejection and unworthiness.Claudia pertinently enquires, what is thething that made Maureen beautiful and notthem. Despite knowing that they are a "nicer,brighter" they cannot ignore how "the honeyvoice of parents and aunts, the obedience inthe eyes of peers, the slippery light in the eyesof teachers all pour out to the Maureen Pealsof the world and not to them. The response ofthe people towards Maureen Peals and othersfor whom Shirley Temple is the model makesthe sisters realize "the fact of their own lack,variouslyidentifiedasugliness,orunworthiness, if not the essence of it" (Kuenz423). They register that they are "the other"and Claudia questions, "what did we lack?Why was it important? (62).The white cultural beauty constructs Greta Garbo, Ginger Rogers, Jean Harlow,Shirley Temples, white baby dolls with blondehair and blue eyes contribute to marring themindset of black girls - "The most destructiveideas in the history of human thought" (97) romantic love and physical beauty, eachperceived in accordance with what theyexclude and created as distant beyond.Pauline "was never able to look at a face andnot assign it some category in the scale ofabsolute beauty" which she had “absorbed infull from the movies” (97). She learns toequate "physical beauty and virtue" at movies,where she stripped her mind, bound it andcollectedself-contemptbytheheap.Witnessing "white men taking such good careof their women, and they all dressed up in bigclean houses" (97), Pauline's unwillingness toaccept the living at the "hem of life" surfacesand she perceives a fulfilling life for herselfthrough the role of an “ideal servant” at theFishers. She has always felt a sense of"separateness and unworthiness" (86) onaccount of her deformed foot and
Assistant Professor of History, Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Dr. B. Jeyanthi Assistant Professor & HOD of English, Anna University, Tirunelveli Region, Tamil Nadu, India Dr. T. Marx Senior Lecturer, Department of English, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Bodhi: Recent Studies in Pāli Buddhism to the august audience of the Buddha -sāsana. As we know that the Buddha taught threefold method- the pariyatti, the paṭipatti and the paṭivedha-that guides the followers to progress towards the emancipation from saṃsāra to Nibbāna. The Maha Bodhi
(1999) Bhikkhu Bodhi biên tập - Cẩm Nang Tổng Hợp Vi Diệu Pháp (A Comprehensive Manual of the Abhidamma) (2000) Bhikku Bodhi biên soạn - Bát Thánh Đạo: Con Đường Chấm Dứt Khổ Đau (The Noble Eigthfold Path: Way to the End of Suffering) (2000) Bhikkhu Bodhi biên soạn *Các Khóa Giảng Kinh trên Mạng Internet:
Reverend Patti Perhacs, volunteer, part-time staff minister of Unity. Seeking a Progressive Spiritual Practice? Consider Unity, a Path for by Patty Perhacs 4 BODHI TREE. 5 BODHI TREE The Pittsburgh Bleep group was started in 2006, after t
by Bhikkhu Bodhi. — 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-86171-491-1 (pbk.: alk. paper) I. Bodhi, Bhikkhu. II. Title. BQ1192.E53B63 2005 294.3'823 dc22 2005018336 ISBN 0-86171-491-1 Second Printing 09 08 07 5 4 3 The publisher thanks AltaMira Press for kindly granting permission to include in this
n Heartwood of the Bodhi Tree, Buddhadāsa Bhikkhu presents in simple language the philosophy of voidness, or suññatā, that lies at the heart of Buddhism. By carefully tying voidness to ethical discipline, he provides us clear and open grounds to reflect on the place of the philosophy in our lives.
Bhikkhu Bodhi is an American Buddhist monk, born and raised in New York City. Ordained as a monk in Sri Lanka in 1972, he lived in Sri Lanka for over twenty years, where he was president and editor of the Buddhist Publication Society. He now resides at Bodhi Monastery in rural New Jersey. He is the co-translator of The Middle Length
May 09, 2015 · By Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi (continued) The Critical Key to Decoding the System The pathology of the whole system arises because monetary value — which is originally and by essence of instru-mental value — is exalted to the position of ulti-mate value. All other domains of intrinsic life value — natural, human, and spiritual — are colonized .
Bhikkhu Bodhi 8 Sleđenje plemenite osmostruke staze jeste stvar prakse, pre nego intelektualnog znanja, ali da bismo se na pravi nači kreta-li stazom, nju na pravi način treba razumeti. Zapravo, ispravno razumevanje staze je samo po sebi deo prakse. Ono je prvi deo puta, glasnik i vodič za ostatak puta. I tako iako nam početni en-
