Circuits Guide To Survivable Fire Alarm

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4/29/2018Surviving Survivability – A User’sGuide to Survivable Fire AlarmCircuitsLarry D. Rietz, SET23 May 2018Automatic Fire Alarm AssociationSURVIVING SURVIVABILITY A USER’S GUIDE TO SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSLarry D. Rietz, SET23 May 2018Content is Copyright 2018 Jensen Hughes, Inc. All Rights ReservedPRESENTATION LEARNING OBJECTIVESWhat is the Code history of circuit survivability?What effect does product listing have on survivable cable?What fire alarm circuits must be survivable and how can this beaccomplished?How can a designer provide and an AHJ approve a survivable cableinstallation?NFPA and NFPA 72 are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association .NFPA documents are copyrighted by the NFPA.Advancing the Science of Safety31

4/29/2018DisclaimerPortions of this program are reprinted from NFPA 72 – 2016, National Fire Alarmand Signaling Code, Copyright 2015, National Fire Protection, Quincy, MA andother previous editions of NFPA 72. This reprinted material is not the completeand official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is representedonly by the standard in its entirety.NFPA 72 is a registered trademark of the National Fire Protection Association,Quincy, MA 02169.This presentation does not reflect the official position of the National FireProtection Association.The content, opinions, and conclusions contained in this presentation are solely those of the presenter and donot necessarily represent the views of Underwriters Laboratories. UL makes no guarantee or warranty as tothe accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. UL and the UL logo are trademarks of ULLLC 2017 All Rights Reserved.Advancing the Science of Safety4SURVIVING SURVIVABILITYCODE HISTORY OF CIRCUIT SURVIVABILITYAdvancing the Science of Safety5CODE HISTORYSurvivability is NOT new!1993 National Fire Alarm CodeAdvancing the Science of Safety62

4/29/2018CODE HISTORY1996 National Fire Alarm CodeAdvancing the Science of Safety7CODE HISTORY1999 National Fire Alarm CodeAdvancing the Science of Safety8CODE HISTORY2002 National Fire Alarm CodeAdvancing the Science of Safety93

4/29/2018CODE HISTORY2007 National Fire Alarm CodeAdvancing the Science of Safety10CODE HISTORY2010 National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeMost significant changes to circuit or pathway survivability2 New Chapters:Chapter 12: Circuits and PathwaysChapter 24: Emergency Communications Systems (ECS)Advancing the Science of Safety11CODE HISTORY2010 National FireAlarm andSignaling CodeChapter 12Advancing the Science of Safety124

4/29/2018CODE HISTORY2010 National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeChapter 23Advancing the Science of Safety13CODE HISTORY2010 National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeChapter 24EVACS – Fire Alarm SystemsAdvancing the Science of Safety14CODE HISTORY2010 National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeChapter 24 Requirements:In-Building MNS: Level 0 or greater per Risk AnalysisWide Area MNS: Level 0 or greater per Risk AnalysisTwo-way In-Building Wired ECS: Level 2 or 3Two-way Radio Communications Enhancement: Level 2 or 3, except antennae(2016 moved to NFPA 1221)Area of Refuge (Area of Rescue Assistance) Emergency Communications: Level2 or 3, except off-premises communicationsElevator Emergency Communications: Level 0, 1, 2, or 3Other ECS: Determined by Risk AnalysisAdvancing the Science of Safety155

4/29/2018CODE HISTORY2010 National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeChapter 24 Further Requirements for Relocation or Partial Evac:Advancing the Science of Safety16CODE HISTORY2013 National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeOnly a few minor changes to the above noted languageChapter 23 section changed to only refer to tone fire alarm system, butthe same “conflict” with Chapter 24 exists.Advancing the Science of Safety17CODE HISTORY2016 National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeChapter 12 and 23 remain basically unchanged regarding survivability.Chapter 24 makes some changes.Advancing the Science of Safety186

4/29/2018CODE HISTORYImportant DefinitionsPathway Survivability: The ability of any conductor, optic fiber, radiocarrier, or other means for transmitting system information to remainoperational during fire conditions. (NFPA 72-2016)Pathway Class: Classification of a circuit (pathway) based onperformance characteristics. Code defines performance of Class A, B, C,D, E, N, and X.Redundant: A second, return, or alternate path; a backup. Mostly closelyassociated with Class A, N, and X pathways.Advancing the Science of Safety19CODE HISTORYImportant DefinitionsEvacuation Zone: A signaling zone. (Term is not used in NFPA 72-2010and later)Signaling Zone: An area consisting of one or more notification zoneswhere signals are actuated simultaneously. (NFPA 72-2016)Notification Zone: A discrete area of a building, bounded by buildingouter walls, fire or smoke compartment boundaries, floor separations,or other fire safety sub-divisions, in which occupants are intended toreceive common notification. (NFPA 72-2016)Advancing the Science of Safety20CODE HISTORYImportant DefinitionsEvacuation: The withdrawal of occupants from a building. (NFPA 722016)Partial Evacuation: The partial withdrawal of occupants from a building(usually by floor, smoke zone, or area).Relocation: The movement of occupants from a fire zone to a safe areawithin the same building. (NFPA 72-2016)Advancing the Science of Safety217

4/29/2018CODE HISTORYImportant DefinitionsRaceway: An enclosed channel of metal or nonmetallic materials designedexpressly for holding wires, cables or busbars. (NEC)Cable: An assembly of one or more wires running side by side, which is used tocarry electric current.Cable System / Electrical Circuit Protective System(s): An electrical circuitintegrity system consisting of components and materials intended forinstallation as protection for specific electrical wiring systems, with respect tothe disruption of electrical circuit integrity upon exterior fire exposure. (UL)Advancing the Science of Safety22SURVIVING SURVIVABILITYPRODUCT LISTINGS OF SURVIVABLE CABLEAdvancing the Science of Safety23PRODUCT LISTINGSCircuit Integrity (CI) Cable is listed to ANSI/UL 2196 Standard for Tests for Fire ResistiveCablesStandard was issued on May 11, 2001 with Revisions issued: March 25, 2004 December 7, 2006 March 30, 2012Referenced Standards: UL 1424 Standard for Cables for Power-Limited Fire-Alarm Circuits UL 1425 Standard for Cables for Non-Power-Limited Fire-Alarm Circuits UL 1724 Outline of Investigation for Fire Tests for Electrical Circuit Protective SystemsAdvancing the Science of Safety248

4/29/2018PRODUCT LISTINGSProducts fall into two categories:Fire-Resistive Cable (FHJR)Electric Circuit Integrity Systems (FHIT)Cable and System must survive a fire test ofapproximately 1,800 F (982 C) for 2 hours and a hosestream test, and still remain intact and the circuitoperational.Depending on Listing, cable may be installed in “freeair” or “in conduit”.Advancing the Science of Safety25PRODUCT LISTINGSAdvancing the Science of Safety26PRODUCT LISTINGS12 September 2012Northbrook, IL – September 12, 2012 – UL has recently conducted research on a wide array of currentproducts and systems originally certified under UL 2196, Tests for Fire Resistive Cables and ULCS139, Standard Method of Fire Test for Evaluation of Integrity of Electrical Cables and determined that theyno longer consistently achieve a two-hour fire-resistive rating when subjected to the standard FireEndurance Test of UL2196 or ULC-S139. Consequently, UL and ULC will not be able to offer certification tothe currently existing program related to these standards.As a result, manufacturers are no longer authorized to place the UL mark or ULC mark on the followingproducts: UL Classified Fire Resistive Cable (FHJR) ULC Listed Fire Resistant Cable (FHJRC) UL Listed cable with “-CI” suffix (Circuit Integrity)Furthermore, UL has removed from its certification directory all Electrical Circuit Protective Systems (FHIT)constructed with Fire Resistive Cable.Advancing the Science of Safety279

4/29/2018PRODUCT LISTINGSThis action left designers, contractors and AHJs with no cost effective way to meetthe Code requirements for survivability. Many struggled with:Performance-based DesignsBuilding Construction ChangesUse of alternate cables or systems, like Mineral Insulated (MI) CableAdvancing the Science of Safety28Diagram Courtesy NFPA 72-2010 HandbookPRODUCT LISTINGSThe Situation Now Several products are listed for fire alarm CI useAt least two different manufacturersBoth Conduit and Free Air models are availableCables are Listed with system components like conduit, enclosures, supports,pulling lubricant, etc.Advancing the Science of Safety29PRODUCT LISTINGSCurrently Listed Products as of 4/10/2018:Advancing the Science of Safety3010

4/29/2018PRODUCT LISTINGSFire-Resistive Cable ListingAdvancing the Science of Safety31PRODUCT LISTINGSSystem Installation RequirementsAdvancing the Science of Safety32PRODUCT LISTINGSThe Listing now results in a “system” that must be installed to exacting standards!Advancing the Science of Safety3311

4/29/2018SURVIVING SURVIVABILITYSURVIVABILE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSAdvancing the Science of Safety34SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSFor Proper Fire Alarm Design, Need to Answer:What Circuits Need Survivability?Where Do These Circuits Need Survivable Components?How Will Survivability be Achieved?FIRST?Advancing the Science of Safety35SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSBefore anything, must need to know the Emergency Response Plan for thebuilding!General Alarm?Selective Floor Evacuation?Relocation?Partial Evacuation?Selective Signaling?What other systems may require survivability and how will that survivability beachieved?Advancing the Science of Safety3612

4/29/2018SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSIf survivable cable is needed, you need a completecopy of the architectural drawings.Wall and Floor RatingsElectrical and Communication Room Wall RatingsCoordinated Riser LocationsSmoke Zone BoundariesAdvancing the Science of Safety37SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSWhat Circuits Need Survivability?Notification Appliance CircuitsLoudspeaker circuits (audible textual notification appliance circuits)Audible tone circuits (horns, chimes, etc.)Visual notification appliance circuits (strobes, textual appliances, etc)Advancing the Science of Safety38SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSWhat Circuits Need Survivability?Network Circuit(s) or Remote Unit CommunicationWhen used to control/trigger remote control units, amplifiers, or power supplies.Advancing the Science of Safety3913

4/29/2018SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSWhat Circuits Need Survivability?Network Circuit(s) and Fiber Optic MediaIs there 2-hour fiber optic cable?Advancing the Science of Safety40SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSWhat Circuits Need Survivability?Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)When used to trigger remote NAC power supplies or booster power supplies.When used to for control modules that trigger circuits or amplifiersAdvancing the Science of Safety41SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSWhat Circuits Need Survivability?Certain Riser CircuitsAudio riser circuits.Dual / Multiple channel audioFire Fighter Telephone (two-way emergencycommunications)24VDC Power CircuitsSounder Base Power CircuitsAdvancing the Science of Safety4214

4/29/2018SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSWhere Do These Circuits Need Survivable Components?Remember the Code requirement:Survivable from Control Unit “until they enter the notification zone.”Suggest cable/conduit extend at least 12” into/beyond the fire rated wall.Advancing the Science of Safety43SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSWhere Do These Circuits NeedSurvivable Components?For circuits feeding remote panels(network, audio risers, etc.), suggestcontinuing cable/conduit to theremote panel.Advancing the Science of Safety44SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSWhere Do These Circuits Need Survivable Components?Termination PointsProvide Through-Penetration Firestop Systems (XHEZ) when passing throughall fire rated floors and walls.Advancing the Science of Safety4515

4/29/2018SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSHow Will Survivability be Achieved?Use of Fire Alarm Circuit Integrity (CI) CableConduit SystemFree AirAdvancing the Science of Safety46Diagram Courtesy NFPA 72-2016 HandbookSURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITSHow Will Survivability be Achieved?Use of 2-Hour RoomsUse of 2-Hour EnclosuresOther Equivalent Means Acceptable to the AHJAdvancing the Science of Safety47Diagram Courtesy NFPA 72-2016 HandbookSURVIVING SURVIVABILITYDESIGN AND AHJ APPROVAL OF SURVIVABLECIRCUITSAdvancing the Science of Safety4816

4/29/2018DESIGN AND AHJ APPROVALSo how can you properly design a survivable cable system so that the AHJ canprovide a review (at shop drawing level) and approval (at acceptance test)?Advancing the Science of Safety49DESIGN AND AHJ APPROVALKnow the CodeUnderstand Key Definitions, including Pathway Survivability, Pathway Class,Signaling Zone, and Notification Zone.Chapter 12 contains your Pathway Survivability Levels, but does not dictatewhich ones must be used.Chapter 23 requires any fire alarm system using partial evacuation orrelocation to be survivable.Chapter 24 contains the specific requirements (‘WHEN’) survivability levelsmust be provided for EVACS and MNS.Advancing the Science of Safety50DESIGN AND AHJ APPROVALKnow Your SystemEach Fire Alarm System is unique.Centralized amplifiers and power supplies vs. de-centralized (remote) equipmentNetworking communication schemes Peer-to-Peer, Master-Subordinate, etc.Programming requirements for selective signalingNAC control options and capacityUnderstand Effect on CalculationsWire gage requirements and effect on voltage drop#12AWG FPLP Resistance of 1.930 ohms/1000 ft#12AWG CI Cable Resistance of 1.618 ohms/1000 ftAdvancing the Science of Safety5117

4/29/2018DESIGN AND AHJ APPROVALUnderstand Your OptionsWhat advantages can the building construction provide for you?How long are your survivable cable or cable system runs?Length of vertical runs can require extra installation requirements.Will cable splices be required?Is free air cable an option?Need to follow maximum allowable support spacing (usually 24” – 72”)Is a performance-based alternative your best option?If so, how will you document that alternative?Cost? Fire Alarm Vendor vs. Installer?Advancing the Science of Safety52DESIGN AND AHJ APPROVALExplain Thoroughly Your DesignHow can you communicate with the installing contractor on the exact type ofcable, conduit and support system installation requirements?Floor PlanRiserInstallation DetailsCalculationsYour design can help the AHJ!Advancing the Science of Safety53DESIGN AND AHJ APPROVALInspect the InstallationCableConduit / SystemConduit or Cable SupportsFire StoppingVariations from Design Documents?Advancing the Science of Safety5418

4/29/2018DESIGN AND AHJ APPROVALHelp the AHJ to UnderstandThe system’s infrastructure.The system’s dependencies.Clearly explain the evacuation sequence.Provide installation details that can be reviewed on shop drawing review and atacceptance testing.Advancing the Science of Safety55QUESTIONS?ContactLarry D. Rietz, SET 1 303-439-0485lrietz@jensenhughes.comFor More Information Visitjensenhughes.comWith gratefulacknowledgement, much ofthis presentation was takenfrom, and in directcoordination with,information published byWayne Moore.Wayne Moore604-242-0081wmoore@jensenhughesWarwick, RIContent is Copyright 2018 Jensen Hughes, Inc. All Rights ReservedAdvancing the Science of Safety5619

Sep 06, 2018 · SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITS 40 Advancing the Science of Safety What Circuits Need Survivability? Signaling Line Circuit (SLC) When used to trigger remote NAC power supplies or booster power supplies. When used to for control modules that trigger circuits or amplifiers SURVIVABLE FIRE ALARM CIRCUITS 41 Advancing the Science of Safety

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