NONRESIDENTIAL LIGHTING - University Of California, Davis
LIGHTING BEST PRACTICESW H AT ’S N E W I N T H E 2 016 C O D E?NONRESIDENTIAL LIGHTINGKey Changes to mandatory and prescriptive lighting requirementsin California’s 2016 Building Energy Efficiency StandardsCalifornia's new nonresidential Building Energy Efficiency Standards take effect on January 1, 2017. The 2016 Standardsfocus on several key areas to improve the energy efficiency of newly constructed buildings, additions and alterationsto existing buildings. California's Standards now align with ASHRAE 90.1 2013 standards and include more stringentlighting power density limits for many indoor and outdoor spaces. Updates enhance and simplify many aspects of the2013 requirements including indoor lighting control requirements for new construction and alterations. This publicationoffers an overview of important updates contained in the 2016 nonresidential lighting energy efficiency standards.MAJOR CHANGESREDUCTION TO LIGHTING POWER DENSITY VALUESLighting power density allotments have been reduced for many indoor and outdoor spacesincluding spaces in auditoriums, libraries, and schools. Reductions affect building, area andtailored methods of compliance.UPDATED POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTORSThe 2016 Standards contain two new power adjustment factors (PAF) that address institutionaltuning and daylight harvesting. Three other PAF have been eliminated.MULTILEVEL LIGHTING & OCCUPANCY CONTROLSMultilevel lighting control requirements have been simplified. In addition, spaces that utilizecertain types of occupancy controls are no longer required to also include multilevel control.Other occupancy control requirements are now to apply in practice.ALTERATIONSThe line between maintenance and retrofit has been redrawn. More projects are now exemptfrom alteration requirements. Those that are required to comply now have more optionsincluding some with reduced control requirements.This guide is not intended to be used in lieu of California's Building Energy Efficiency Standards, and it is not a substitutefor the code itself. Please visit energy.ca.gov/title24/2016standards to download the official 2016 Title 24 BuildingEnergy Efficiency Standards, Errata, Reference Appendices, and the Nonresidential Compliance Manual.CALIFORNIA LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY CENTER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS CLTC.UCDAVIS.EDU
INDOOR LIGHTING REQUIREMENTSWhile the new Title 24 nonresidential standards contain many important updates, changes to the lighting requirementsare minimal in most regards. In general, power density allotments have been reduced to reflect efficacy improvementsand the increased prevalence of LED lighting in commercial buildings. For new construction, most lighting controlrequirements remain unchanged as compared to the 2013 Standards. For alterations, the path to compliance hasbecome less complex. The following information details the major mandatory and prescriptive lighting requirements andcritical changes between the 2013 and 2016 iterations of Title 24, Part 6.Lighting Power AllowancesFor many spaces, the allowed lighting power densityhas been reduced. Reductions affect projects usingany of the three compliance methods: area category,complete building or tailored. Indoors, buildings suchas auditoriums, libraries, schools, restaurants andmedical buildings are most affected. For those usingthe tailored method to determine allowed lightingpower, significant changes affect all space types.Lighting Power Density Updates 2013 to 2016:Area Category MethodAllowedLighting PowerDensity (W / ft 2)Primary Function Area2016 Auditorium Area1.43 0.1Convention, Conference,Multipurpose andMeeting Center Areas1.2 3 0.2Two new PAF have been added to the Standards thatencourage the use of institutional tuning and daylightharvesting control systems.Dining Area1.0 3 0.1Electrical, Mechanical,Telephone Rooms0.55 2 0.15Now, projects may gain a 10% lighting powerallowance credit for implementing institutionaltuning. In daylit areas, the credit is reduced to 5%.Institutional tuning is a control strategy that setsthe maximum output of a lighting system to lessthan full output (less than 100%). In many cases,lighting systems are designed to initially delivermore light than is needed because, over time, thelight output will decrease. With tuning, the systemcan be set to deliver the right amount of light anduse less energy. As light levels decrease over time,tuning adjustments can be made to increase output.Exhibit, Museum Areas1.8 0.2Financial Transaction Area1.03 0.2Hotel Function Area1.43 0.1Kitchen, Food Preparation Areas1.2 0.4Laundry Area0.70 0.2Library Area, Reading Areas1.13 0.1Power Adjustment FactorsThe second new PAF addresses daylight harvestingcontrol systems that fully extinguish all the lightingwhen sufficient daylight is available. Projects maygain a 10% credit for this strategy when applied toluminaires in a skylit or primary sidelit daylit zone.Three PAFs included in the 2013 Standards havebeen eliminated because the control strategies arenow mandatory under §130.1. Partial- ON occupancy sensors in spacesless than or equal to 250 ft2 Manual dimming or multiscene programmabledimming controls Credits for a combination of these measuresLobby AreaHotel Lobby0.953Main Entry Lobby0.953 0.15 0.55Locker / Dressing Room0.70 0.1Lounge Area0.90 0.2Malls and Atria0.95 3 0.250.50—1.0—TransportationFunction AreaConcourse &BaggageTicketing3Waiting Area0.80All Other Areas0.503 0.3 0.1Footnotes for Table 140.6-C: See §140.6(c)2 for an explanationof additional lighting power available for specialized task work,ornamental, precision, accent, display, decorative, and whiteboards and chalk boards, in accordance with the footnotes in thistable. The smallest of the added lighting power listed in eachfootnote below, or the actual design wattage, may be added tothe allowed lighting power only when using the Area CategoryMethod of compliance.2Specialized task work0.50 W/ft 23Ornamental lighting as definedin §100.1 and in accordance with§140.6(c)2.0.50 W/ft 2Based on Table 140.6-C in the standards2WHAT'S NEW IN THE 2016 CODE?
Lighting Power Density Adjustment Factors (PAF)Type of ControlType of AreaFactora. To qualify for any of the Power Adjustment Factors in this table, the installation shall complywith the applicable requirements in Section 140.6(a)2b. Only one PAF may be used for each qualifying luminaire unless combined belowc. Lighting controls that are required for compliance with Part 6 shall not be eligible for a PAFDaylight Dimming plus OFF Control*Luminaires in skylit daylit zone or primary sidelit daylit zoneOccupant Sensing Controls inLarge Open Plan OfficesIn open plan offices 250 ft2one sensor controlling anarea that is:0.10No larger than 125 ft 20.40From 126 to 250 ft 20.30From 251 to 500 ft 20.20Luminaires in non-daylit areas: Luminaires that qualify for otherPAFs in this table may also qualify for this tuning PAF.0.10Luminaires in daylit areas: Luminaires that qualify for other PAFs inthis table may also qualify for this tuning PAF.0.05All building types less than 10,000 sq. ft. Luminaires that qualifyfor other PAFs in this table may also qualify for this demandresponsive control PAF.0.05Institutional Tuning*Demand Responsive Control*New for 2016Table 140.6-A in the StandardsLighting ControlsMandatory lighting control requirements containminor revisions throughout, which are designedto make requirements more consistent and easierto apply in practice. In particular, updates makeoccupant sensing controls more consistent inwhere they are required and how they are expectedto perform.MULTILEVEL LIGHTING CONTROLSMultilevel lighting requirements are now simpler andeasier to apply. The number of mandatory controlsteps is still based on the light source type perTable 130.1-A, however, the explicit requirementto also utilize manual dimming, tuning, lumenmaintenance, automatic daylighting or demandresponse has been eliminated. Now, if multilevellighting is required, multilevel controls need onlyallow the user to activate all the required controlsteps. If the lighting is dimmable, the multilevelcontrol must be a dimmer that allows this functionplus manual ON and OFF.Two new exceptions to multilevel lightingrequirements have also been added. Publicrestrooms and areas that are required to utilize fullor partial- OFF occupancy sensors are now exemptfrom multilevel requirements contained in §130.1(b).OCCUPANCY CONTROLSVarious occupancy sensor control requirements havebeen clarified and expanded in the 2016 Standards.Performance requirements for partial- ON andpartial- OFF occupancy control strategies are nowspecified based on the areas where the controlsare installed.As with the 2013 Standards, occupancy controlsmust shut OFF all the lighting in: Offices 250 ft or smaller Multipurpose rooms less than 1000 ft All classrooms, and all conference rooms22However, now the Standards also specify how thelighting in these spaces can be activated by theoccupancy sensor. For spaces that also requiremultilevel lighting controls, sensors must act as apartial- ON device or a vacancy sensor. The partial- ONstrategy may only automatically activate between50 and 70% of the controlled lighting. For areas notrequired to have multilevel controls, the sensor maybe a traditional, auto- ON occupancy sensor, avacancy sensor, or employ a partial- ON strategy.CHANGES TO MANDATORY LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS3
In addition, language pertaining to the potential useof a partial- ON control strategy has been removedfrom §130.1(c)6 and §130.1(c)7. The 2013 Standardsused the term partial- ON / OFF occupancy controlwhen, in practice, partial- OFF was the intendedstrategy. This ambiguity has been removed andthe term partial- OFF used throughout. All otherrequirements contained in §130.1(c)6 and §130.1(c)7are unchanged.DAYLIGHT HARVESTING & DEMAND RESPONSEAll automatic daylighting control requirements areunchanged from 2013. Demand response controlrequirements are also, essentially, unchangedfrom 2013, with only minor clarifications addedto the 2016 code.Emergency & Egress LightingRequirements have been updated to allow a smallportion of lighting to operate continuously if it isnoted for use along a building's means of egress.Up to 0.2 W / ft2 of lighting in any area is now exemptfrom area control requirements if it meets the egressdefinition. Previously, the exemption only appliedto office spaces during occupied hours. Multilevelcontrol requirements still apply in accordance with§130.1(b). Up to 0.1 W / ft 2 is also exempt fromautomatic shutoff control requirements. Previously,only 0.05 W / ft 2 was exempt.4WHAT'S NEW IN THE 2016 CODE?In addition, a luminaire or lighting system isexempt from shut- OFF control requirements if it isdesigned only for emergency use, is connected toan emergency power supply, and functions onlywhen normal power is absent. This exemptionis new for 2016. However, if egress lighting fallswithin a daylit zone, automatic daylighting controlsare still required as are demand response controlsunder most circumstances.Acceptance Test RequirementsAcceptance tests for institutional tuning controlsand "Daylight Dimming plus OFF " PAFs have beenadded to the Standards. These tests are designed toensure that systems claiming these PAF meet thespecific performance criteria required under §140.6.Institutional tuning controls tests are documented ona new compliance form, NRCA-LTI-05-A. Test resultsfor "Daylight Dimming plus OFF " are documented onthe existing, automatic daylighting controls complianceform, NRCA-LTI-03-A.All lighting controls acceptance tests must beconducted by a Certified Lighting Controls AcceptanceTest Technician, a requirement that went into effectwith the 2013 Standards. Technicians are required torecertify their credential to ensure they are up to datewith the new 2016 requirements.To learn more about Lighting Control AcceptanceTesting, please visit energy.ca.gov/title24/attcp.
INDOOR LIGHTING ALTERATIONSRequirements for indoor lighting alterations (§141.0(b)2I-J)have been simplified, reorganized and renamed. Indoorlighting alterations are now categorized into three typesof projects, listed in the table to the right, and outdoorrequirements are now listed under §141.0(b)2L.Two types of projects remain exempt from lightingalteration requirements: those that may disturb asbestosduring construction and those that address only two orfewer luminaires in an enclosed space.Indoor Lighting AlterationsAlteration Remove & reinstallexisting luminairesEntire LuminaireAlterations(§141.0(b)2I.)Lighting Control RequirementsA new compliance path has been added for alterations.Now, when existing luminaires are replaced withnew luminaires and no changes are made to walls orceilings, a project may bypass additional multilevel andsome occupancy control requirements by installingnew products that achieve a minimum of 35% powerreduction at full output as compared to the luminairesthey replaced. For hotel, office and retail occupancies,the reduction must be at least 50%.For all other types of projects and luminairereplacements not able to meet these power reductionthresholds, controls requirements are nearly identicalto 2013 requirements. Per Table 141.0-E, alterationswith over 85% of the lighting power allowancegiven in §140.6(c)2 must meet most controlrequirements in §130.1, but those with 85% orless are exempt from daylighting and demandresponse control requirements.One additional control requirement has beensimplified. Lighting retrofit projects that are able toreduce the total lighting power to 85% or less of thatallowed now must only include multilevel controlswith one control step between 30% and 70% of Remove existing luminaires,replace with new Add new luminaires Adding, removing, or replacingceiling or walls along with anyredesign of the lighting systemCompliance ThresholdFor indoor luminaire component modifications, thethreshold for compliance has been raised. Thischange allows a larger portion of maintenanceprojects to avoid additional lighting control and powerdensity requirements intended for larger systemretrofits. Previously, projects that addressed 40 ormore luminaires or 10% of luminaires in a spacewere regulated under the Standards. This thresholdis now 70 luminaires or 10% per year. Thresholdsfor the replacement of existing luminaires or additionof new luminaries remains at 10%. Most types ofwiring alterations must comply with §141.0(b)2Kregardless of their size, however, projects that onlyadd lighting controls to an existing systemare exempt.Scope of Work Lamp and ballast / .)replacement Permanently changing thelight source type in anexisting luminaire Changes to the luminaire’soptical system New circuits Replace, modify, or relocateLighting WiringAlterations(§141.0(b)2K.)wiring between a switch anda luminaire Replace, modify or relocatewiring between a panelboardand a luminaire Replacement of existing lightingcontrol panels, panelboards, orbranch circuiting with newWhat is considered a building 'Space'under the new Standards?For complete luminaire and wiring alterations, thecompliance threshold applies to the 'enclosedspace', a space substantially surrounded by walls,ceilings or roofs, fenestration, floors or ground.For component modifications, the compliancethreshold applies to any single building floor, or ifthere are multiple tenants on the floor, the individualtenant space.full power. This requirement now applies to theenclosed space and not to each luminaire. As such,projects may meet this requirement by switchingalternate luminaires in the space, for example.Under the 2013 Standards, the number of controlsteps was based on source type and could includeup to four steps or require continuous dimming.Note, this is still a requirement for projects over the85% threshold.CHANGES TO MANDATORY LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS5
LIGHTING WIRING ALTERATIONSControls requirements for lighting wiring alterationshave been reduced in the new Standards. Projects areno longer required to meet the full suite of multilevel,automatic daylighting and demand response controlrequirements. Area controls are always required andlighting wiring alterations must meet the lightingpower allowances provided in §140.6.Under the 2016 Standards: Multilevel Controls —only one control step for the enclosed spaceas a whole between 30 and 70% Automatic Daylighting Controls —only required if alteration affects 10 or moreluminaires in a primary sidelit or skylit daylit zone Demand Response Controls —no longer requiredLamp and Ballast / Driver ReplacementsBallast or driver replacements are not regulatedby the Standards. Lamp replacements only orballast / driver replacements only are both consideredexceptions to §141.0(b)2J. However, a completelamp and ballast / driver retrofit completed as asingle project is considered a regulated alterationunder the 2016 Standards and must meet lightingpower density requirements in §140.6 and controlsrequirements per §141.0(b)2J.Acceptance TestingIndoor lighting alterations must comply withacceptance test requirements contained in §130.4.When a project adds lighting controls to control20 or fewer luminaires in total, the project is exempt.As an example, a project that adds three occupancysensors with each controlling five luminaires,is exempt from acceptance test requirements.However, a project that adds three occupancysensors with each controlling 10 luminaires is not.This exemption is new for 2016.OUTDOOR LIGHTING REQUIREMENTSAllowed Lighting PowerLighting power allowances (LPA) for outdoorspaces have been reduced for hardscapes andbuilding entrances or exits. Reductions rangefrom 11 – 56% for general hardscape lighting withthe most significant reductions affecting linearand area wattage allowances for Zones 1 – 4. Inaddition, ATM, tunnel and bridge lighting are nolonger exempted from LPA calculations. Values forall outdoor areas in Lighting Zones 0 – 4 are shownin Tables 140.7-A and 140.7-B of the Standards.Values have been lowered to reflect the industryshift to LED lighting as the basis of design.Outdoor Power Allowance Updates – 2013 to 2016Type of PowerAllowanceLighting Zone 0Area WattageAllowance (AWA)Linear WattageAllowance (LWA)Initial WattageAllowance (IWA)1No allowanceLighting Zone 1Lighting Zone 21Lighting Zone 31Lighting Zone 40.02W / ft 2 42%0.03W / ft 2 33%0.04W / ft 2 35%0.05W / ft 2 56%0.15W / lf 40%0.25W / lf 44%0.35W / lf 41%0.45W / lf 47%450 W 11%520 W 32%640 W 37%340 WNoChangeFor lighting Zone 2 and 3, where greater than 50% of the paved surface of a parking lot is finished with concrete, the AWA for that area shallbe 0.035 W / ft 2 for Lighting Zone 2 and 0.040 W / ft 2 for Lighting Zone 3, and the LWA for both lighting zones shall be 0.70 W / lf. This does notextend beyond the parking lot, and does not include any other General Hardscape areas.Based on Table 140.7-A in the Standards6WHAT'S NEW IN THE 2016 CODE?
Lighting ControlsIn addition, Table 140.7-A has been modified toincorporate the new requirements of the recentlyrevised Illuminating Energy Society of North America(IES) document RP-20 -2014, Parking Lot LightingRecommended Practice.Outdoor lighting controls requirements have changed,expanding to include more provisions for outdoorsales canopies and outdoor sales lots, which werepreviously exempt from occupancy-based dimmingcontrols requirements contained in §130.2(c)3.Lighting Zone 0Requirements for Lighting Zone 0 have beenadded to the Standards. Lighting Zone 0 isdesignated specifically for undeveloped areasin parks and preserves, where no continuouslighting is intended.While continuous lighting in Zone 0 is now explicitlyprohibited, sites may utilize a single luminaire of 15 Wor less at entrances to parking lots, trail heads, orother areas in order to safely illuminate site facilities.In addition, luminaires installed in Lighting Zone 0cannot exceed the maximum zonal lumen limits forUplight and Glare specified in Table 130.2-A and130.2-B of the Standards.Outdoor controls must turn off all the lighting duringthe day and reduce or fully extinguish it at night whenits not needed. These requirements are unchangedfrom the 2013 Standards and two types of controlare required to achieve these goals. A photocontrolor astronomical time-switch is required to turn lightsOFF during the day. At night, a motion sensor ortime-based control is also required. The specific typesof allowed devices are dependent on the mountingheight of the luminaire.Motion sensors in outdoor areas work well as apartial- OFF device, meaning they turn off only aportion of the lights at night. This saves energy andmaintains a low light level for safety and wayfinding.Automatic Lighting Controls for Outdoor Luminaires Mounted at 24 feet or Less from GradeNEW CONSTRUCTIONALTERATIONSConnected Lighting Loadis IncreasedAll Regulated ProjectsAny Size ProjectConnected Lighting Load isnot IncreasedGreater of 5 Luminaires or10% affected Photocontrol or outdoorastronomical time-switchOutdoor SalesFrontage Photocontrol or outdoor Photocontrol or outdoor Part-night control or Part-night control orastronomical time-switchOutdoor SalesLotsmotion sensorastronomical time-switchmotion sensorOrnamentalHardscapeOutdoor DiningAll OtherGeneralHardscape*be independently controlledfrom all other lighting by atime-switch Photocontrol or outdoorastronomical time-switch Part-night control ormotion sensorParking LotsBuildingFacades* Motion sensor or lighting must Photocontrol or outdoor Photocontrol or outdoor One of following: Part-night control Motion sensor Centralized, time-based One of following: Part-night control Motion sensor Centralized, time-based Photocontrol or outdoor Photocontrol or outdoor Part-night control orastronomical time-switchcontrol systemastronomical time-switchPart-night control ormotion sensorastronomical time-switchcontrol system Photocontrol or outdoorastronomical time-switch Motion sensor or lighting mustbe independently controlledfrom all other lighting by atime-switchastronomical time-switchmotion sensorWallpacks mounted to building facades must use motion sensors.CHANGES TO MANDATORY LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS7
For certain outdoor luminaires mounted 24 feet orless above the ground, motion sensors or otheroccupancy-based controls are required as part ofthe night time control strategy. All incandescentluminaires must be controlled by a motion sensor.For all other luminaires mounted over 24 feet,motion sensors are not explicitly required. The tableon the previous page details the various controlrequirements for luminaires mounted 24 feet orbelow based on the type of outdoor area.The maximum dimming permitted as part of an activemotion controlled lighting system has increased from80% to 90%. In addition, outdoor lighting is no longerrequired to be separately circuited from other lighting,only separately controlled.All outdoor lighting control provisions may befound in §130.2 of the Standards.Acceptance Test RequirementsIn conjunction with these changes, acceptancetest requirements and procedures for many typesof outdoor automatic shut-OFF controls have beenclarified and / or expanded. Specific functional testsfor photocontrols, astronomical timeswitch controlsand part-night controls are now available. Informationon the updated requirements may be found inNonresidential Appendix 7, Section 8 (NA7.8).Lastly, an alteration project where lighting controlsare added to control 20 or fewer luminaires in total isnow exempt from acceptance testing requirementscontained in §130.4.Outdoor AlterationsRequirements for outdoor lighting alterations are nowmore detailed and specific to the type of outdoorspace. Previously, any project that met compliancethresholds was required to address all lighting controlprovisions contained in §130.2. Now, only the alteredor new luminaires must comply, and the minimumthreshold for projects that do not increase theconnected lighting load has been raised to the greaterof five luminaires or 10%. Under the 2013 Standards,small projects that addressed 1 – 4 luminaires wereexpected to comply with the full suite of controlsrequirements. This is no longer the case.As with the 2013 Standards, when 50% or moreluminaires are being replaced, the project mustcomply with lighting power and other requirementscontained in §140.7. Under the new Standards,an exception to this rule has been added. If thenew luminaires have at least 40% lower powerconsumption, the alteration is not required to complywith §140.7.ABOUT THE CALIFORNIA LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY CENTER: The California Lighting Technology Center was created in 2003 by the California EnergyCommission in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Part of the Department of Design atthe University of California, Davis, CLTC is dedicated to accelerating the development and deployment of energy-efficient lighting and daylighting technologies.ABOUT ENERGY CODE ACE: Developed and provided by the California Statewide Codes & Standards Program, Energy Code Ace offers free energy codetraining, tools and resources for those who need to understand and meet the requirements of Title 24, Part 6 and Title 20. The program aims to advancethe adoption and effective implementation of energy efficiency measures and building practices to lock in long-term energy savings. For more information,visit energycodeace.com.04 / 06/ 2016
WHAT’S NEW IN THE 2016 CODE? Key Changes to mandatory and prescriptive lighting requirements in California’s 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards California's new nonresidential Building Energy Efficiency Standards take effect on January 1, 2017. The 2016 Standards
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LIGHTING ( DEFINED ) OPEN AREA (ANTI-PANIC) LIGHTING ( UNDEFINED ) HIGH RISK TASK LIGHTING Emergency lighting standards tree. Escape route lighting. 1.Escape Route Lighting The emergency lighting on a route forming part of the means of escape from a point in a building to final exit. 2.Open Area (Anti-panic) Lighting The part of emergency .
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built under the 2016 Energy Code, after accounting for more rigorous efficiency measures and renewable energy generation. Nonresidential buildings will use 30 percent less energy than those built under the 2016 Energy Code. A significant portion of those savings are attributed to changes in the lighting requirements. Nonresidential Lighting .
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