B20 30 40
SURVEYING INSTRUMENTSB20/B30/B40Automatic LevelOPERATOR'S MANUALThank you for selecting the B20/B30/B40. Please read this operator's manual carefullybefore using this product. Verify that all equipment is included.C"8. STANDARD EQUIPMENT" The specifications and general appearance ofthe instrument are subject to change withoutprior notice and without obligation by Sokkia Topcon Co., Ltd. and may differ from those appearing in this manual. The content of this manual is subject to changewithout notice. Illustrations appearing in this manual are of B20. Some of the diagrams shown in this manual maybe simplified for easier understanding.
CONTENTS1.2.3.4.5.PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION . 1PRECAUTIONS . 5FEATURES OF B20/B30/B40 . 7PARTS OF THE INSTRUMENT . 8PRELIMINARIES . 95.15.2SETTING UP THE INSTRUMENT .9FOCUSSING AND SIGHTING . 116. OPERATION . 136.16.26.3MEASURING HEIGHT DIFFERENCE .13MEASURING HORIZONTAL ANGLE .15MEASURING DISTANCE USINGTHE STADIA LINES .167. CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS . 177.17.27.3CIRCULAR LEVEL .17AUTOMATIC COMPENSATOR .18RETICLE CROSS-LINE (LINE OF SIGHT) .198. STANDARD EQUIPMENT . 219. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES . 2310.SPECIFICATIONS . 27ii
1. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATIONFor the safe use of the product and prevention of injuryto operators and other persons as well as prevention ofproperty damage, items which should be observed areindicated by an exclamation point within a triangle usedwith WARNING and CAUTION statements in thisoperator's manual.The definitions of the indications are listed below. Besure you understand them before reading the manual'smain text.Definition of IndicationCCJDIWARNINGIgnoring this indication andmaking an operation errorcould possibly result in death orserious injury to the operator.CAUTIONIgnoring this indication andmaking an operation errorcould possibly result in minorinjury or property damage.This symbol indicates items for which caution(hazard warnings inclusive) is urged. Specificdetails are printed in or near the symbol.This symbol indicates items which areprohibited. Specific details are printed in ornear the symbol.This symbol indicates items which mustalways be performed. Specific details areprinted in or near the symbol.1
1. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATIONGENERALCWARNINGDNever look at the sun through the telescope.Loss of eyesight could result.DDo not look at reflected sunlight from a prismor other reflecting object through thetelescope. Loss of eyesight could result.EWhen securing the instrument in the carryingcase make sure that all catches, including theside catches, are closed. Failure to do so couldresult in the instrument falling out while beingcarried, causing injury.CCAUTIONDDo not use the carrying case as a footstool.The case is slippery and unstable so a personcould slip and fall off it.DDo not place the instrument in a case with adamaged catch or belt. The case or instrumentcould be dropped and cause injury.DDo not wield or throw the plumb bob. A personcould be injured if struck.2
1. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATIONTRIPODCCAUTIONEWhen mounting the instrument to the tripod,tighten the centring screw securely. Failure totighten the screw properly could result in theinstrument falling off the tripod causing injury.ETighten securely the leg fixing screws of thetripod on which the instrument is mounted.Failure to tighten the screws could result in thetripod collapsing, causing injury.DDo not carry the tripod with the tripod shoespointed at other persons. A person could beinjured if struck by the tripod shoes.EKeep hands and feet away from the tripodshoes when fixing the tripod in the ground. Ahand or foot stab wound could result.ETighten the leg fixing screws securely beforecarrying the tripod. Failure to tighten thescrews could lead to the tripod legs extending,causing injury.3
1. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATIONSTAFFCWARNINGDDo not use under thunderous weatherconditions. Staff is conductive and if struck bylightning, death or injury could result.EHandle with care when using near high voltagecables or transformers. Staff is conductive andcontact could result in electric shock.4
2. PRECAUTIONSGENERAL The B20/B30/B40 is a precision instrument.Handle with care and avoid heavy shocks andvibration. Never place the instrument directly on the ground. When the instrument is left on the tripod, cap theobjective lens and cover the entire instrument withthe vinyl cover provided. When the instrument is placed in the case, store theaccessories in their specified places.MAINTENANCE Wipe off moisture completely if the instrument getswet during survey work. Always clean the instrument before returning it to thecase. The lens requires special care. Dust it off with aclean cloth first to remove tiny particles. Then, afterproviding a little condensation by breathing on thelens, wipe it with a soft clean cloth or lens tissue. To clean the instrument or carrying case, lightlymoisten a soft cloth in a mild detergent solution.Wring out excess water until the cloth is slightlydamp, then carefully wipe the surface of the unit. Donot use any organic solvents or alkaline cleaningsolutions. Check the tripod for loose fit and loose screws. If any trouble is found on the rotatable portion, screwsor optical parts (e.g. lens), contact your local dealer. Check the instrument for proper adjustmentperiodically to maintain the instrument accuracy.5
2. PRECAUTIONSEXCEPTIONS FROM RESPONSIBILITY The user of this product is expected to follow alloperating instructions and make periodic checks(hardware only) of the product's performance. The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes noresponsibility for results of a faulty or intentionalusage or misuse including any direct, indirect,consequential damage, and loss of profits. The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes noresponsibility for consequential damage, and loss ofprofits due to any natural disaster, (earthquake,storms, floods etc.), fire, accident, or an act of a thirdparty and/or a usage under unusual conditions. The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes noresponsibility for any damage, and loss of profits dueto a change of data, loss of data, an interruption ofbusiness etc., caused by using the product or anunusable product. The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes noresponsibility for any damage, and loss of profitscaused by usage different to that explained in theoperator's manual. The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes noresponsibility for damage caused by incorrectoperation, or action resulting from connection to otherproducts.6
3. FEATURES OF B20/B30/B40The B20/B30/B40 is equipped with a fast-action,magnetically-damped, automatic compensator. Afterthe instrument has been approximately leveled usingthe circular level, the line of sight is accurately leveledby the automatic compensating mechanism.The B20/B30/B40 has been designed to allow stablesurveying operations regardless of environmentalconditions such as vibration and temperature changes.The B20/B30/B40 has a simple horizontal circle forangle measurement, and the stadia lines on the reticlecan be used for approximate distance measurement.The B20/B30/B40 is ideally suited for general surveywork, civil engineering and construction work. The instrument is accurately leveled when the bubbleis within the center circle of the circular level.7
4. PARTS OF THE INSTRUMENT(Instrument shown: B20)12345697810141311121. Lens hood (B20 only)2. Prism (B20)/Reflector (B30/40)3. Peep sight*14. Circular level adjusting screw5. Circular level6. Leveling foot screw7. Base plate8. Horizontal fine motion screw9. Objective lens10. Focussing knob11. Horizontal circle positioning ring12. Horizontal circle window13. Reticle adjusting screw cover14. Eyepiece*2*1 The B40 has a gun sight.*2 The B20 eyepiece is detachable.8
5. PRELIMINARIES5.1 SETTING UP THE INSTRUMENT1Unbuckle the band around the tripod legs andloosen the extension clamp screws.2With the tripod closed, extend the tripod legs untilthe tripod head is roughly at eye level, then retighten the clamp screws.3Spread the tripod legs so that the leg tips form aregular triangle on the ground.4Make sure that the tripod head is approximatelylevel. Fix the tripod shoes firmly into the ground.9
5. PRELIMINARIES5Hold the instrument on the tripod head and tightenthe centering screw.6When using the spherical headtripod, slightly loosen thecentering screw, hold the baseplate in both hands, and slide itacross the tripod head until thebubble is in the proximity of thecircular level.7Tighten the centering screw.8Adjust the leveling foot screwsuntil the bubble is exactlycentered in the center circle.10
5. PRELIMINARIES5.2 FOCUSSING AND SIGHTING1Use the peep sight or gunsight to point the objectivelens at the target.2Gradually turn the eyepieceuntil just before the reticlecross-line becomes blurred.3Use the horizontal finemotion screw to center thetarget in the field of view.Turn the focussing knob tofocus on the target. Focussing is coarse while theB20 focussing knob feelsheavy to rotate. Rotating inthe reverse direction (lessheavy) will give a finefocussing motion.4Looking through thetelescope, shift your eyesslightly in the horizontal andvertical directions.11
5. PRELIMINARIES5If there is no parallaxbetween the target imageand the reticle, preparationsfor measurement arecomplete. If there isparallax, repeat the aboveprocedure from step 2 inorder to refocus the reticle. If there is parallax, measurement errors may result,so make sure to adequately focus the target. Use the lens hood (B20 only) in strong lightconditions.12
6. OPERATION6.1 MEASURING HEIGHT DIFFERENCE1Set up the instrument at a point approximatelyhalfway between points A and B. The reticle stadialines can be used to optically compare thedistances. (See "6.3 MEASURING DISTANCEUSING THE STADIA LINES".) For more accurate measurement, set the instrumentas close to halfway as possible, to eliminate errorsdue to sighting axis misalignment.2Position the staff vertically at point A.Take the reading a (backsight) on the staff at pointA.3Then sight the staff at point B and obtain thereading b (foresight).4The difference a - b is the height difference h of Bfrom A.Example:h a - b 1.735m - 1.224m 0.511m13
6. OPERATIONTherefore point B is 0.511m higher than point A.(The value of h will be negative if point B is lowerthan point A.) When the distance between points A and B is largeor if the height difference is great 1Divide the distance into a number of sections anddetermine the height difference of each section.2The height difference between points A and B isthe total of the height differences of all thesections.The general formula is:Altitude of the required point altitude of knownpoint total of backsight values - total of foresightvalues. This simple leveling technique has no error check. Itis better to measure from A to B and back to A so thatthe error of closure can be calculated.14
6. OPERATION6.2 MEASURING HORIZONTAL ANGLEThe horizontal circle graduations are annotated every10 (360 ) or 10 gon (400 gon) in a clockwise direction.As a result, sighting is performed from left to right.1Use the plumb bob to set up the instrument directlyabove the survey point.2Sight point A, and set the horizontal circle to 0 byturning the horizontal circle positioning ring.3Sight point B and take the angle reading.Example: 91.5 (or 91.5 gon) in the figure below.15
6. OPERATION6.3 MEASURING DISTANCE USING THESTADIA LINESThe stadia lines etched on the reticle can be used fordistance measurements.1Sight the staff, and count the number ofcentimeters, l, between the two stadia lines.2This number is equivalent to the distance inmeters between the staff and the instrument.Example:If the length (l) is 32 cm, the horizontal distancefrom the instrument center A to the staff B is 32 m.16
7. CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS7.1 CIRCULAR LEVEL1Adjust the leveling footscrews to center thebubble in the circular level.2Turn the instrument 180 (or 200 gon).If the bubble is inside the circle, no adjustment isnecessary. If the bubble shifts from within thecircle, adjust as follows:3Compensate for one-half ofthe shift by adjusting theleveling foot screws.4Eliminate the remaininghalf shift with the circularlevel adjusting screwsusing the hexagonalwrench.5Turn the instrument 180 (or 200 gon). If the bubbleremains in the circle,adjustment is complete.17
7. CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS7.2 AUTOMATIC COMPENSATOR1Center the bubble in the circular level.2While turning the nearest leveling screw to thesighting axis 1/8 of a turn to the right or left, checkthe movement of the horizontal cross-line.(Another method is to tap the tripod legs or themain body while sighting a clear target.)If the automatic compensator mechanism isworking normally the cross-line should bounce,then immediately return to the original position.It is advisable to check the movement of theautomatic compensator before use.18
7. CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS7.3 RETICLE CROSS-LINE (LINE OF SIGHT)1Set the instrument halfway between two points, Aand B, 30 to 50m apart. Take readings a1 and b1.2Set the instrument at a point 2 m from point A.Take readings a2 and b2.Leave the telescope sighted on point B.Calculateb2’ a2 - (a1 - b1)If b2’ b2, the horizontal cross-line is normal andno adjustment is necessary.When b2’ and b2 are different, adjust the cross-lineas follows:19
7. CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS3Unscrew and remove the adjusting screw cover.4Use the adjusting pin to eliminate the differencebetween b2’ and b2. (See "8. STANDARDEQUIPMENT".) In the example shown in step 2b2’ is larger than b2. The horizontal line needs tobe lowered. To lower the horizontal line, carefullyloosen the adjusting screw by a small amountusing the adjusting pin. To raise the horizontalline, tighten the adjusting screw.5Repeat steps 1 and 2 of the adjustmentprocedure until the difference between b2’ and b2 issmall.20
8. STANDARD EQUIPMENTB20(Packing layout)234181.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.765Main unit . 1Plumb bob . 1Hexagonal wrench . 1Adjusting pin . 2Operator's manual . 1Vinyl cover . 1Cleaning cloth. 1Lens cap . 121Case: SE35
8. STANDARD EQUIPMENTB30/40(Packing layout)14215316420811971.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Case: SE49175 186Main unit . 1Plumb bob . 1Hexagonal wrench . 1Adjusting pin . 2Operator's manual . 1Vinyl cover . 1Cleaning cloth. 1Lens cap . 122
9. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES ILLUMINATION PACK LA8 (B20 only)The illumination pack, LA8, is available for use whenleveling in low light conditions.1Slide it onto the telescope as far as it will go. (Thelens hood should be retracted.)2Switch the unit on and adjust the brightness usingthe knob. OPTICAL MICROMETER OM5 (B20 only)The detachable optical micrometer OM5 is available forhigh precision leveling. Turning the micrometer knobshifts the line of sight of the telescope vertically amaximum of 10 mm. This micrometer shift can bedisplayed in 0.1 mm graduations. (Minimum sightingdistance: 1 m)Use first order staves with 1 cm graduations or similarprecision staves.23
9. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES1Mount the OM5 on the telescope of the B20 andpush the locking lever fully forward to lock it. (Thelens hood should be retracted.)2Turn the micrometer knob to move the line of sightuntil the graduation mark on the staff comes to themiddle point between the two wedge reticle linesfor an accurate reading.3Take the micrometer reading in the micrometereyepiece. One division corresponds to 0.1 mm.4Adding the micrometer reading to the staffgraduations reading gives the measurement value.24
9. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIESExample:Staff graduationMicrometer152 cm8.7 mm152.87 cmG For accurate measurement, the last adjustment ofthe micrometer knob should be in the clockwisedirection. DIAGONAL EYEPIECE DE16/DE22The diagonal eyepiece DE16/DE22 is available for usein restricted viewing positions.DE16 for B20DE22 for B30/B401To attach the DE16, remove the eyepiece byunscrewing to the left, and screw in the diagonaleyepiece.To attach the DE22, push it on to the reticleadjusting screw cover.2Holding the base of the DE16/DE22, focus on thereticle by turning the eyepiece of the DE16/DE22.Perform focussing and sighting as described in "5.2FOCUSSING AND SIGHTING"25
9. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES The B20 detachable eyepiece can also be replacedby the optional 40x eyepiece (EL5). REMOVABLE EYEPIECE EL5 (B20 only)Increases the standard 32X image to 40X.26
10. SPECIFICATIONSB20TelescopeLengthImageObjective apertureB30B40215mm (8.46 in.)Erect42mm36mm32mm(1.65 in.)(1.42 in.)(1.26 in.)Magnification32X28X24X1 25'Field of view1 20'(2.3m/7.5ft.)(2.5m/8.2ft.)(at 100m/328ft.)Resolving power3.0"3.5"4.0"Minimum focus0.3m (1ft.)Stadia ratio1:100Additive constant0Horizontal circleDiameter103mm (4.1in.)Graduation1 / 1gonAutomatic compensatorRange 15'Circular levelSensitivity10' / 2mmStandard deviation for 1 km of double run leveling1.5mm2.0mm0.7mm(0.03in.)With micrometer(0.06in.)(0.08in.)0.5mm(0.02in.)Water resistanceOperating temperaturerangeStorage temperaturerangeIPx6 (IEC60529:2001)-20 to 50 C (-4 to 122 F)-40 to 70 C (-40 to 158 F)27
SizeWidthLengthHeight130mm (5.12in.)215mm .7kg(4.1 lbs)(3.7 lbs)28
第 1 版 01-1003/1st ed. 01-1003 2010 SOKKIA TOPCON CO., LTD.
2. Prism (B20)/Reflector (B30/40) 3. Peep sight*1 4. Circular level adjusting screw 5. Circular level 6. Leveling foot screw 7. Base plate 8. Horizontal fine motion screw 9. Objective lens 10.Focussing knob 11. Horizontal circle positioning ring 12.Horizontal circle window 13.Reticle adjusting screw cover 14.Eyepiece*2 *1 The B40 has a gun sight.
patients in a hospital environment and during intra-hospital transport. The B40/B20 Patient Monitor is intended for use under the direct supervision of a licensed health care practitioner. The PROCARE Monitor B40/B20 is not intended for use du
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Anatomi Tulang dan Fisiologi Panggul 2.1.1 Tulang Tulang pelvis merupakan komposisi dari tiga buah tulang yakni dua tulang kokse . tulang pria lebih kekar dan kuat, sedangkan kerangka perempuan lebih ditujukan kepada pemenuhan fungsi reproduksi. Pada wanita bentuk thorak bagian bawah lebih besar, panggul berbentuk ginekoid dengan ala iliaka lebih lebar dan cekung, promontorium kurang .
