Guide To The Japanese-Language Pro Ciency Test (JLPT) In .
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What is the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test?The largest Japanese-language test in the worldThe JLPT is a test for non-native speakers of Japanese which evaluates and certifies their Japanese-languageproficiency. The test is simultaneously conducted once a year in the United States.The JLPT began in 1984. While at the beginning just 7,000 people applied to take the test in 15 countries and areasworldwide, by 2009 the number of examinees had risen to as many as 770,000 in 54 countries and areas around theworld. Currently, it is the largest Japanese-language test in the world.Cities where the JLPT was administered (December test in 2009)Cities where the JLPT was administeredJapan: 33 prefecturesKorea: 22 cities206 cities in54 countriesand areasaroundthe worldNumber of examinees and cities where the JLPT was administered(persons)(cities)768,113 examineesNumber of examineesNumber of cities where the JLPT was administered206 cities(year)
Serves a variety of purposesAccording to the Survey of Overseas onducted by the Japan Foundation every threeyears, the number of students studying Japaneseoutside of Japan grew from 127,000 in 1979 to 3.65million in 2009.Along with the increase in students, the number ofJLPT examinees has increased. Today, people ofvarious ages, from elementary school students toworking individuals, take the JLPT. In addition, theJLPT is used not only to measure ability but also for avariety of purposes, including employment screeningand evaluation for pay raises and promotions as wellas to recognize qualifications.(persons)Number of Japanese-languagestudents overseas(year)Source: Survey of Overseas Organizations Involved in Japanese-LanguageEducation, the Japan Foundation (provisional figures)Breakdown of examineesElementary-school student (primary education)Middle-school or high-school student (secondary education)University or graduate-school student (higher education)Student at other educational institution (language school, etc.)Employed (company employee, public servant, educator,self-employed, etc.)OtherNo responseReasons for taking the JLPTNecessary for admission into university or graduate school in myown countryNecessary for admission into university or graduate school in JapanNecessary for admission or as proof of proficiency for othereducational institution in my own countryNecessary for admission or as proof of proficiency for othereducational institution in JapanUseful for my work or will be useful in obtaining employment,securing salary increase or promotion in my own countryUseful for my work or will be useful in obtaining employment,securing salary increase or promotion in JapanTo measure my own level of proficiency for reasons other thanlisted aboveOtherNo response* Respondents: Overseas examinees taking the December test in 2009 (valid samples: N 423,961) in 170 cities in 52 countries where theJapan Foundation administered the JLPT.What is the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test?
Characteristics of the New JLPTThe new JLPT started in 2010.Over the course of the JLPT’s nearly three decades of history, the number of Japanese-language students hasincreased and their reasons for studying and using Japanese have become more diverse. In December 2010, the JLPTwas revised to meet this changing environment. The new JLPT (new test) incorporates those revisions whileinheriting content from the previous test (old test).Three key points of the new JLPTPOINTIncreased focus on communicative competenceThe new test emphasizes not only (1) knowledge of Japanese-language vocabulary and grammar but also the (2)ability to use the knowledge in actual communication. Thus, it measures (1) through the Language Knowledge( Vocabulary/Grammar ) test section and (2) through the Reading and Listening test sections. The new testcomprehensively measures communicative competence in Japanese through a combined assessment of thesesections.* As with the old test, the new test is a multiple-choice exam that is scored by computer. There is no test section where applicants’speaking or writing abilities are directly evaluated.POINTfor them.Summary of linguistic competence required for each level &corresponding levels of new and old testsLevelSummary of linguistic competence required for each levelCorresponding levels of new and old testseasyThe ability to understand Japanese used in a variety ofcircumstances.Approximately the same level as the old Level 1 test, butdesigned to measure slightly more advanced abilities.The ability to understand Japanese used in everydaysituations, and in a variety ofcircumstances to a certain degree.Approximately the same level as the old Level 2 test.The ability to understand Japanese used in everydaysituations to a certain degree.Positioned at a level bridging the old Level 2 and Level3 tests.Newly establishedThe ability to understand basic Japanese.Approximately the same level as the old Level 3 test.The ability to understand some basic Japanese.Approximately the same level as the old Level 4 test.* Please see Page 6 for details of linguistic competence required for each level.
POINTMore accurately measures Japanese-language competencein scores. Scores are calculated as “scaled” scores instead of raw scores.Scores in the old test were raw scores calculated by the number of questions answered correctly. It is inevitable thatscores are used.With scaled scores of the new test, how individual examinees answer particular questions (which questions areanswered correctly and incorrectly) is reviewed and scores are calculated based on scales for each level. The sameAs outlined here, scaled scores can more accurately and fairly indicate Japanese-language competence at the time oftests.Score reportExaminees receive a Score Report that shows pass or fail, scores ofscoring sections and total score (scaled scores) as well as referenceinformation. (See Page 5 for scoring sections.)The reference information indicates the percentages of correctresponses* for each component (ex. Vocabulary and Grammar)according to three levels, A, B and C, when a scoring section has multiplecomponents (ex. Language Knowledge [Vocabulary/ Grammar ]). Thisallows examinees to learn how well they performed in each componentand plan for their future Japanese-language study.* The percentage of correct responses is the ratio of correctly answeredquestions to the total number of questions in each component. Thereference information indicates “the number of questions answeredpass or fail.Scoring sections (scaled scores)Score report (Sample: For N1-N3)CriteriaA: Number of correct responses is 67%or higherB: Number of correct responses isbetween 34% and 66%C: Number of correct responses isless than 34%Reference information(percentages of correct responses)N1, N2, N3········Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar )“Vocabulary” and “Grammar”N4, N5··············Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar )・Reading“Vocabulary,” “Grammar” and “Reading”Characteristics of the New JLPT
Test Composition and Linguistic CompetenceRequired for Each LevelTest sections and test times, scoring sections and range of scoresTest sections at the time of tests are shown in the “Test sections and test times” table at left.Scoring sections in test results are shown in the “Scoring sections and range of scores” table at right.Test sections and test timesLevelTest sectionsLanguage Knowledge(Vocabulary/Grammar) ReadingListeningLanguage Knowledge(Vocabulary/Grammar) ReadingScoring sections and range of scoresTest times110 min60 min105 minScoring sectionsRange of scores(scaled scores)Language Knowledge( Vocabulary/Grammar)0 – 60 pointsReading0 – 60 pointsListening0 – 60 pointsLanguage Knowledge( Vocabulary/Grammar)0 – 60 pointsReading0 – 60 pointsListening50 minListening0 – 60 pointsLanguage Knowledge (Vocabulary)30 minLanguage Knowledge( Vocabulary/Grammar)0 – 60 pointsLanguage Knowledge (Grammar) Reading70 minReading0 – 60 pointsListening40 minListening0 – 60 pointsLanguage Knowledge (Vocabulary)30 minLanguage Knowledge (Grammar)Reading60 minLanguage Knowledge( Vocabulary/Grammar) ReadingListening35 minListeningLanguage Knowledge (Vocabulary)25 minLanguage Knowledge (Grammar) Reading50 minLanguage Knowledge( Vocabulary/Grammar) ReadingListening30 minListening 0 – 120 points0 – 60 points0 – 120 points0 – 60 pointsPlease compare the two tables from left to right to see how test sections and scoring sections correspond.With N1 and N2, one test section, “Language Knowledge ( Vocabulary/Grammar ) Reading,” is divided into twoscoring sections, “Language Knowledge ( Vocabulary/Grammar )” and “Reading.”With N3, two test sections, “Language Knowledge ( Vocabulary )” and “Language Knowledge (Grammar ) Reading,”are restructured as two scoring sections, “Language Knowledge ( Vocabulary/Grammar )” and “Reading.”With N4 and N5, two test sections, “Language Knowledge ( Vocabulary )” and “Language Knowledge (Grammar ) Reading,” are combined as one scoring section, “Language Knowledge ( Vocabulary/Grammar ) Reading.”With all levels, the “Listening” test section and scoring section are identical.These differences by level are to ensure a more accurate measurement of an examinee’s Japanese-languagecompetence according to the characteristics of individual study stages.
Summary of linguistic competence required for each levelThe table below shows the summary of the linguistic competence required for each level. This table outlines whatis expected of examinees for each level of the new JLPT in terms of Reading and Listening. The linguisticknowledge needed to execute the behaviors described will be required by the examinees to pass their respectivelevels.LevelSummary of linguistic competence required for each levelThe ability to understand Japanese used in a variety of circumstances.Reading One is able to read writings with logical complexity and/or abstract writings on a variety of topics, such asnewspaper editorials and critiques, and comprehend both their structures and contents. One is also able to read written materials with profound contents on various topics and follow their narratives aswell as understand the intent of the writers comprehensively.Listening One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations, news reports, and lectures,spoken at natural speed in a broad variety of settings, and is able to follow their ideas and comprehend theircontents comprehensively. One is also able to understand the details of the presented materials such as therelationships among the people involved, the logical structures, and the essential points.The ability to understand Japanese used in everyday situations, and in a variety of circumstances to acertain degree.Reading One is able to read materials written clearly on a variety of topics, such as articles and commentaries innewspapers and magazines as well as simple critiques, and comprehend their contents. One is also able to read written materials on general topics and follow their narratives as well as understand theintent of the writers.Listening One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations and news reports, spokenat nearly natural speed in everyday situations as well as in a variety of settings, and is able to follow their ideasand comprehend their contents. One is also able to understand the relationships among the people involved andthe essential points of the presented materials.The ability to understand Japanese used in everyday situations to a certain degree.Reading One is able to read and understand written materials with specific contents concerning everyday topics. One is also able to grasp summary information such as newspaper headlines. In addition, one is also able to read slightly difficult writings encountered in everyday situations and understandthe main points of the content if some alternative phrases are available to aid one’s understanding.Listening One is able to listen and comprehend coherent conversations in everyday situations, spoken at near-naturalspeed, and is generally able to follow their contents as well as grasp the relationships among the peopleinvolved.The ability to understand basic Japanese.Reading One is able to read and understand passages on familiar daily topics written in basic vocabulary and kanji.Listening One is able to listen and comprehend conversations encountered in daily life and generally follow their contents,provided that they are spoken slowly.The ability to understand some basic Japanese.Reading One is able to read and understand typical expressions and sentences written in hiragana, katakana, and basickanji.Listening One is able to listen and comprehend conversations about topics regularly encountered in daily life andclassroom situations, and is able to pick up necessary information from short conversations spoken slowly.Test Composition and Linguistic Competence Required for Each Level
New JLPT Test Item ExamplesThe new test measures an examinee’s level of knowledge of Japanese-language vocabulary and grammar as theLanguage Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) test section and his or her ability to use that knowledge in actualcommunication as the Reading and Listening test sections.Japanese-language competence measured by the new JLPT(communicative competence required to perform tasks)(1) Level of knowledge of Japaneselanguage vocabulary and grammar(2) Ability to use the knowledge (1) inactual communicationThree test sectionsLanguage Knowledge(Vocabulary/Grammar)ReadingListeningThe new test measures examinees’ “communicative competence required to perform tasks.” For this purpose, all testitem formats of the old test were reviewed and revisions were made. Test item formats of the new test include thosedirectly inherited from the old test, those incorpor
What is the Japanese-Language Pro ciency Test? The largest Japanese-language test in the world The JLPT is a test for non-native speakers of Japanese which evaluates and certi es their Japanese-language pro ciency. The test is simultaneously conducted once a year in the United States. The JLPT began in 1984.
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