Theme 7 Solar Powered Water Lifting For Irrigation

Emerging practices from Agricultural Water Management in Africa and the Near EastThematic WorkshopTheme 7Solar Powered WaterLifting For IrrigationAhmed AbdelfattahInternational consultant / solar energyLand and Water Division ( CBL )30 August 2017

Theme 7:Solar Powered Water Lifting For IrrigationPRESENTATION OUTLINE1. Introduction2. Solar Powered irrigation solution2.1 Solar Pump Concepts2.2 Measures Of Solar Energy Uses In Irrigation.A. Stand Alone system for Direct IrrigationB. Stand Alone system for Direct Irrigation with Batteries.C. Stand Alone system with high level water storage.D. Solar/Diesel Hybrid solution.E. Solar combined with power from the electricity grid3. What information needed to take to SWP design?4. Benefits of Solar Pumping Solutions for Farmers andGovernments.5. Next Steps

Theme 7:Solar Powered Water Lifting For Irrigation1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONBy definition solar energy is “ the conversion ofsunlight into usable energy forms”. The mainsolar technologies are photovoltaics (PV), solarthermal electricity and solar heating andcooling. For agricultural production andprocessing, solar energy is an importantenergy source, in particular for irrigation.Irrigation is very important to the productiveagriculture, accounting for 20% of all farmlandand 40% of all production worldwide.

Theme 7:Solar Powered Water Lifting For Irrigation1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONSolar Powered Irrigation system is acomplete system which provides freshwater from a well and reservoir for usein livestock, domestic use andindustrial or agriculture.the implementation of solar powered irrigation helps overcoming the risk from fluctuationsin both fuel and supply prices, and instead guarantees stable and reliable on farm energysupply. Therewith, crop losses that result from insufficient irrigation are avoided.Decreasing carbon and water footprints is essential forfarmers, and will become more and more important in thefuture for these reasons: Water availability Energy cost rising Energy availability Consumers’ pressure

Theme 7:Solar Powered Water Lifting For Irrigation1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONNorth African countries is one of richestcountries in the world with regard to solarenergy potential . on average, there are 330 340 sunny day per year this result in yearlyirradiation energy around 1 990 KWh/m2which is the energy equivalent to 200 liters ofdiesel per/m2

Theme 7:Solar Powered Water Lifting For Irrigation2. SOLAR POWERD IRRIGATION SOLUTION2.1Solar Pump ConceptsThe solar array provides the energysupply for the system. Levels ofsolar radiation fluctuate during theday and there are none at night, soa solar pumping system needs tobe designed to pump daily waterrequirements within these energylimitations. The size of the solarpumping system is determined bythe amount of water that needs tobe moved and by how far and towhat elevation this water must bemoved.

Theme 7:Solar powered water lifting for irrigation2. SOLAR POWERD IRRIGATION SOLUTION2.2Measures Of Solar Energy Use In IrrigationAgriculture irrigation systems requireconstant water supply with dailyoperation times of up to 16 hr/day whereSolar operation hours lies 6-8 hr. In orderto compensate for this divergence, solarpumps are integrated in a solar irrigationsystem designed to specific local needsThe challenge for both designers andoperators of solar irrigation systems is toharmonize the non-constant solar energyand the constant irrigation requirements.

Theme 7:Solar Powered Water Lifting For Irrigation2.2Measures Of Solar Energy Use In IrrigationA. Stand Alone system for Direct IrrigationStand-alone system for direct irrigation is thesimplest way to set up a SWP system. Thepump directly connected to a solar pumpinverter and starts operate in the morningwhen the solar output is higher than theminimum power required to start the pump.The solar system keeps the pump running aslong as sufficient irradiation is available, thepump stops before sunset, when the solaroutput less than the minimum input powerrequired for the pump . During the day theflow-rate of water change with the solarirradiation. the daily water volume changeswith the daily and seasonal profile of solarirradiation.

Theme 7:Solar Powered Water Lifting For Irrigation2.2Measures Of Solar Energy Use In IrrigationA. Stand Alone system for Direct Irrigation

ThemeTheme 7:7:Solar Poweredpowered ation2.2Measures Of Solar Energy Use In IrrigationB. Stand Alone system for Direct Irrigation with Batteries.To maximize independence of fuel price fluctuation, there is a System called BatteryBased Hybrid System, uses batteries in order to store any excess energy, making it agood option for full- day operations. However, the batteries and their mandatoryreplacement over time make this system also very cost intensive.

ThemeTheme 7:7:Solar Poweredpowered ation2.2Measures Of Solar Energy Use In IrrigationC. Stand Alone system with high level water storage.Stand-alone system with high level storage are the most popular system, The operationtime of the irrigation system is independent from the pumping operation. The full daydemand for irrigation is pumped into high level water reservoir and released underconstant pressure based on gravity (no booster pump). The pump operation and dailyprofile of water flow rate to the tank is similar to stand alone systems for directirrigation.

ThemeTheme 7:7:Solar Poweredpowered ation2.2 Measures Of Solar Energy Use In IrrigationD. Solar/Diesel Hybrid solution.During the solar hours, the solar system runs the pumpwith the same principle as for stand-alone system. If nosolar power available the system switches to the dieselgenerator operation, the switch can be done manuallyor automatically depending on diesel generator controloptions. Savings of fuel and therefore of costs areachieved dependent on the total required irrigationtime and the designed operation time of the solarsystem.If the system additionally allows to use high levelreservoir this is a good solution when the well/damperformance does not allow pumping, the total dailydemand during day time or we have different peaksbetween irrigation time and peak sun hours, that meansthe water storage allows an irrigation schedule whichdiffers from the pumping schedule.

ThemeTheme 7:7:Solar Poweredpowered ation2.2 Measures Of Solar Energy Use In IrrigationD. Solar/Diesel Hybrid solution.E. Solar combined with power from the electricity gridThe grid provides reliability and enablesthe pump to be operated in a flexible waytomeetchangingrequirements.

Theme 7:Solar powered water lifting for irrigation4. WHAT INFORMATION WE NEED TO TAKE TO SWP DESIGNWater requirements The water will be used (for example, livestock, irrigation), Your daily water requirements, and Monthly/ seasonal variation/water profile of consumption.Locations for SWPsystem The proposed location (geographical coordinates) for SWP The proposed location of the solar array, and Potential sources of shading.Water sources Water delivery The location to which the water will be pumped to (such as astorage tank or dam, directly to irrigation network), The vertical lift between the pump and the water delivery point, The length of the route between the pump and the water deliverypointThe type of water source (a bore, dam or river),The recovery rate of the proposed water source,The depth of the water source, andThe distance from the top of this water source to the ground.

ThemeTheme 7:7:Solar Poweredpowered ation5. Benefits of Solar Pumping Solutions for Farmers and GovernmentsFarmers Low maintenance costsReduced manual workfoods with high-value cropsProtection from rising energy costsEnhanced crop resilience and food securityImproved crop yields and increased incomesReduced bills for mains electricity and dieselSupply of energy and improved access to water for irrigationAdditional benefits for health, education and poverty alleviationGovernments Subsidy savingsEmissions reductionsReduced fuel importsReduction in electricity and fuel useImproved reliability of power systemsIncreased agricultural economic outputCreation of small businesses/employment across the value chain

ThemeTheme 7:7:Solar Poweredpowered ationNext Steps1. Value of the different Solutions and select the most suitable SWPmodel2. Conduct a site visit to study daytime power needs.3. Study feasible financing solutions and choose the optimum one.4. Design & Install SWP systems5. Monitor impact6. Work on potential projects to be executed for further FAO facilities.

Ahmed AbdelfattahInternational consultant / solar energyLand and Water Division ( CBL )Climate, Biodiversity, Land and Water Department ( CB )Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nation

Solar Powered Water Lifting For Irrigation 2.1 Solar Pump Concepts The solar array provides the energy supply for the system. Levels of solar radiation fluctuate during the day and there are none at night, so a solar pumping system needs to be designed to pump daily water requirements within these energy limitations. The size of the solar