Passive Building Systems Vs Active Building Systems And .
Passive Building SystemsvsActive Building Systemsand theReturn On InvestmentAndrew BlumenfeldGSADeputy AssistantCommissioner forAcquisitionWilliam T. ThummHensel PhelpsOperations Manager
GoalsDiscussion on the challenges faced by owners in definingperformance criteria in a competitive market with a focuson the tradeoffs between maintenance costs and theinitial installation costs and how this can effect the ReturnOn Investment.The presenters bring over 40 years of experience fromboth the public and private sectors to review this issue asthey analyze building mechanical systems, envelopedesign, etc.
PresentersAndrew Blumenfeld –A veteran of more than 20 years in publicsector construction, Mr. Blumenfeld was recently appointed to be the National Directorof Acquisition for GSA’s Public Building Service. Previous Assignments include Director ofConstruction for GSA’s National Capitol Region, Project Executive for the Renovation ofthe Pentagon, Legal Counsel to the Pentagon Renovation Program and Deputy GeneralCounsel for the Baltimore District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.William T. Thumm - Mr. Thumm has managed over 2.5 billion dollarsin construction over the last 17 years with Hensel Phelps. His most notable projectsinclude the Pentagon Renovations during 911, the Baltimore Hilton Convention CenterHotel and the Russell Knox Headquarters project at Quantico, VA. He has the followingcertifications: DBIA, LEED BD C, STS and PMP. William has an MS from ColumbiaUniversity and a BS from Lehigh University both in Civil Engineering. He is also theacting President of the Roger Williams University Construction ManagementProfessional Advisory Board.
Market Forces Driving ChangeCompelling need to reduce energy costs Regulatory Demands (State, Local & Federal) Customer Demands – LEED Cachet Market Forces/Discipline of the MarketplaceEnergy Efficiency is Determined by 4 Key Factors:Active Energy ConservationPassive Energy ConservationQuality of Operations & MaintenanceDemand Management (not addressed here)
Bottom Line Up FrontOwners tend to:Overinvest in Active Energy ConservationUnderinvest in Passive Energy ConservationUnderestimate the Maintenance Costs of Complex BASComplexity is the Price of Performance Toyota vs. Ferrari
Bottom Line Up FrontRecognizing & Managing the Impact of Complexity Redistribution of the Total Cost of Ownership Energy Costs Mechanical/Controls Maintenance Costs The Theory: Decreases in Energy Costs should offset increasedconstruction and maintenance costsRebalancing these Factors can Improve the Owner’s returnon Investment
Ironic Evolution Functional PurposeSuccess/Stability brings excessExcess bring Unsustainable DesignUnsustainable design brings about regulationOr more simply chaos regulate theoryOutcome Complicated building systems withcompeting requirements Result – High maintenance systems with apotential for a poor ROI
Active Building SystemsActive Building Systems Principally Mechanical (HVAC) Automatic Valves, Dampers etcLighting ControlsOccupancy ControlsDemand Management & Peak ShavingElaborate monitoring schemes (Intelligent Systems)Advantages of Active Systems High Performance when properly operated and maintainedIntegrates multiple systems into a single “front end”Advanced Analytics and Real-Time performance monitoringMaintenance alerts via alarmInfinitely customizable down to the individual officeHigh “Cool” Factor
Active Building SystemsDisadvantages of Active Building Systems High First Cost (Known)High Maintenance Costs (More Difficult to Predict)VIP OverridesSoftware Intense – Requires Periodic UpdatesSecurity Issues: Addressable nodesLots of Moving Parts – Higher Failure RatesProprietary – Owner “Locked In”Hidden InterdependenciesSkill Gap Requires new and different skillsSubstantial Training Costs Without proper (i.e. costly) maintenance performance deterioratesquickly
Active Building SystemsBottom Line: Beware the Maintenance Tail of Active Systems Buy What You Can Afford to MaintainSometimes the Camry is the Right Answer!
Passive Systems4 Key Building Envelope Issues Water/Air/Vapor/ThermalAdvantages of Passive Building Systems One time costCosts Fixed and Known - High Cost CertaintyPredictable stream of benefitsTypically requires no Little or No MaintenanceNo Moving Parts & works 24 hours per dayDisadvantages of Passive Building Systems Increases First CostEssentially FixedCannot be easily UpgradedNo Sex appeal or cool plaques
Design Drivers
Other Design Drivers Temperature Set Point Constraints 72 degrees plus or minus a degree Future FlexibilityPeak vs Off Peak LoadsOccupied vs Unoccupied LoadsCO2 Monitoring/Occupancy Sensors
Simple Active Mech. Solution ChillersAHU/RTUFPIUVAVExhaust FansBoilersSupply Fans
Future Active Systems Adaptive and Fuzzy LogicEnthalpy/Energy Recovery ExchangersMicroenvironments (Occupancy Sensors)Geo ThermalLiquid Desiccant Air ConditioningMicrochannel Heat Exchangers
RealityInterdependencies are increasing– Electrical tied to Controls tied to Mechanical tied to securityControls Packages are getting more proprietaryand complicatedAddressable Controls create potential securityissues
Passive SystemsStagnant systems require no power, nomoving parts, no controls and little to nomaintenanceBuilt around the Four External EnvelopeIssuesWater / Air / Vapor / Thermal
Water/Air/Vapor Details
Solar
Water/Vapor/Air/Thermal
Passive System TechnologyBuilding Science Improvements More studies and expertsBetter Material Liquid Applied SprayedQualified Installers TrainingQualified Designers Interface details
Maintenance!!
Maintenance RealityData Point Overload Massive amounts of dataReactive vs Proactive MaintenanceOverrides Manual and Programed
Maintenance ChallengesTrouble with Troubleshooting Building system interdependencies createmassive issues with troubleshooting.Education/Compensation Lag Unbalanced with current systemsSystem Training vs Technical Training Builder can’t make up the difference
Maintenance Moving ForwardTSO (Transition to Stabilized Occupancy) Look to the builder to overlap first 180 360 DaysChallenge Industry RFPs should require maintenance savings ideas in theproposals and be willing to pay for themPump Up the Pay Owners need to analyze the maintenance staff andbeef them up to match systemsReCx (ReCommissioning) good benchmark to see how the maintenance is going– Don’t be afraid of it.
Passive Systems FutureMaximize Passive Systems High Initial Cost with a low trailing CostBuilding Commissioning Building Pressure tests Water TestsThird Party InspectorsSimple Redundant Systems Gravity is free Belts and Suspenders Method
Active Systems FutureWork Backwards Realistically Align Systems with Maintenance CapacityMinimalize Only do if it you need it not because it can do it.Reduce Constraints Lessening some of requirements may encourage asimpler system which may actually enhancemaintenance.Technology Use technology that simplifies not complicates – e.g.Chilled Beams
Maximize the ROIOwners should seek to maximize thePassive systems, Simplify the Activesystems and Balance theirMaintenance capabilities to seek theideal ROI from their investments.
Passive Systems 4 Key Building Envelope Issues Water/Air/Vapor/Thermal Advantages of Passive Building Systems One time cost Costs Fixed and Known - High Cost Certainty Predictable stream of benefits Typically requires no Little or No Maintenance No Moving Parts & works 24 hours per day Disadvantages of Passive Building Systems
ENGINEERING GUIDE - ACTIVE & PASSIVE BEAMS Introduction Active & Passive Beams Engineering Guide Like radiant heating and cooling systems, active and passive beam systems use water as well as air to transport energy throughout the building. Like radiant and cooling systems, they offer savin
Active: Passive: The delivery man delivered the package yesterday. The package was delivered yesterday. Past Progressive Active: Passive: The producer was making an announcement. An announcement was being made. Future Active: Passive: Our representative will pick up the computer. The computer will be picked up. Present Perfect Active: Passive:
Prevention and Control - passive and active immunization How do we acquire immunity? Passive Immunity in Infants Artificial Passive Immunity Gamma globulin - Ig's from pooled blood of at least 1,000 human donors variable content non-specific Specific immune globulin - higher titers of specific antibodies Artificial Passive Immunity
1.1 Active and passive components. Passive component: Active component: A passive component can not deliver power or cannot process the electrical signal are known as the passive component. E.g. resistor ,inductor, capacitor An Active component is that which is capable of delivering power to some external device.
for the semi-passive recurring revenue rental properties can generate. You'll notice I said "semi-passive" here. The reason I say this is because owning rental properties can be a lot of work if you're taking on the management of those properties yourself. So, depending on your rental property strategy, you can be as passive or active .
Unlike their passive counterparts, active treatment systems can be engineered to accommodate essentially any Acidity, flow rate and Acidity Load. Although not limited by tight operational parameters as in the case of passive systems, economic considerations play a significant role in determining the viability of active treatment systems.
Application, Information & Device Management Unified Endpoint Management End User Computing . Microsoft Windows, Oracle Solaris Hochverfügbarkeit Active/Active Active/Passive Active/Active Active/Passive Enterprise-Version Ansible Tower Chef Infra SaltStack Enterprise Puppet Enterprise Lizenz GPL Apache Chef EULA (ab 2020)
Before accepting an appointment to continue a project started by someone else, the member should inform the previous appointee and also ascertain from the potential client: that the previous appointment has been properly determined; and the client holds a licence to use any information, including drawings, specifications, calculations and the like, prepared by the preceding appointee; and that .
