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MAKING AFRICAN AMERICAA Virtual Symposium on Immigration and the Changing Dynamics of BlacknessMarch 2021Presented byThe University of Maryland,College ParkNational Museum of African AmericanHistory and Culturenmaahc.si.edu/MAA Nelson Stevens. Artwork courtesy of Arlene Turner Crawford.Photograph courtesy of Rose Blouin.
Print of M. G. Sishuba, 1913–1918Collection of the Smithsonian NationalMuseum of African American History andCulture, Gift of Catherine M. Bailey2WELCOMEWELCOMEOn behalf of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African AmericanHistory and Culture, I am honored to welcome you to this symposium on theimpact of immigration on black American identity co-sponsored with theCenter for Global Migration Studies at the University of Maryland, CollegePark. The symposium, titled Making African America: Immigration and theChanging Dynamics of Blackness, will explore how demographic changes havetransformed the social, cultural, and political significance of blackness in theUnited States. This is the first gathering of its kind.Welcome to the University of Maryland, College Park, a globally recognizedleader in transnational research on migration. The Center for GlobalMigration Studies at the University of Maryland and the National Museum ofAfrican American History and Culture proudly present the symposium MakingAfrican America: Immigration and the Changing Dynamics of Blackness.The participants will examine definitions of African Americanness, notionsof home and belonging, and the tensions and alliances between blackAmericans of different ethnicities, among other topics. Each of the elevenpanel discussions will generate meaningful conversations that will resonate farbeyond this multi-day online symposium.Nationally, nearly one in 10 black Americans is an immigrant or the child ofan immigrant. This figure is significantly higher in our home community, theMaryland-DC-Virginia metropolitan area. The discussions we generate arevital for better understandings of black American identity at a global, national,and local level. As a center of interdisciplinary scholarship and teaching, weare thrilled to bring together a multidisciplinary community of professionalsto discuss how immigration has shaped and is continuing to reshape what itmeans to be black in the United States.At the National Museum of African American History and Culture, we presentblack American identity as multicultural and immigration as an important partof the black American story.Migration has influenced all aspects of our nation’s experiences. Over the nextthree weeks, we will specifically explore how the experiences and contributions of immigrants from the African diaspora have shaped U.S. culture.Thank you for joining this timely discussion.Thank you for being here.Kevin YoungBonnie Thornton Dill, Ph.D.Andrew W. Mellon DirectorNational Museum of African American History and CultureDeanUniversity of Maryland College of Arts and Humanitiesnmaahc.si.edu/MAA#DiasporaLensPoster for African Liberation Day,1977Collection of the Smithsonian NationalMuseum of African American History andCulture3
Pinback Button for ShirleyChisholm for President, 1972Collection of the Smithsonian NationalMuseum of African American History andCultureABOUT THE SYMPOSIUMOBJECTIVESThe Making African America symposium brings together scholars, journalists,activists, curators, filmmakers, and writers to discuss how immigrationhas shaped and is continuing to reshape what it means to be black in theUnited States. This project is motivated by our understanding that blackimmigrants—from the Caribbean migrations of the late 19th and early 20thcentury to the Caribbean, Latin American, and African immigrations since1965—have exercised a profound influence on the making of African America,yet have received insufficient attention. Connecting African American historyto the history of immigration, this symposium will explore the rich waysa changing demography has transformed the social, cultural, and politicalsignificance of blackness in the United States.F To explore the interconnections between black immigration and AfricanAmerican historyJoin us as we explore topics such as the expanding geographies of civil rights,defining African American and transnational identities, and notions of homeand belonging, as well as the forces underlying the tensions, shared histories,and alliances between different black ethnicities in the United States.African-American history might best be viewed as a series ofgreat migrations, during which immigrants—at first forced andthen free—transformed an alien place into a home, becomingdeeply rooted in a land that once was foreign, even despised. Aftereach migration, the newcomers created new understandings of theAfrican-American experience and new definitions of blackness.F To highlight how race informs national dialogues about immigrationF To bring greater visibility to the diversity of black American identitiesF To present and explore immigration and black identity through amultidisciplinary lensF To reach and engage a broad cross-section of communitiesFree Huey!, 1970Collection of the Smithsonian NationalMuseum of African American History andCulture— Ira Berlin4nmaahc.si.edu/MAA#DiasporaLens5
SCHEDULEFRIDAY, MARCH 5, 2021Sign-Up Link3:30 p.m. ESTRemembering Ira Berlin and Welcome RemarksF Kevin Young, National Museum of African American History and CultureF Bonnie Thornton Dill, University of Maryland, College ParkF Lonnie G. Bunch III, Smithsonian InstitutionF INTRODUCTIONS: Julie Greene, University of Maryland, College ParkKEYNOTEDis-Locations, Dis-Possessions—On Borders, Walls, NationsF Carole Boyce Davies, Cornell UniversitySign-Up LinkSESSION 1: African American/American African EncountersIntroducing the methods and theories employed by scholars to understandthe African diaspora, this session will explore both historical andcontemporary migrations. Panelists will also consider the relationships andencounters between African Americans and African diasporic immigrants.F Msia Kibona Clark, Howard UniversityF Joshua Guild, Princeton UniversityF Nancy Mirabal, University of Maryland, College ParkCHAIR: Julie Greene, University of Maryland, College Park6SATURDAY, MARCH 6, 2021Sign-Up Link4:30 p.m. ESTSESSION 2: Transnational Ties and Conceptions of HomeThe meanings and experiences of “home” are often complex and complicated.This panel will investigate homes and homelands through discussions ofreturn migrations, dual residences, historical memory, familial ties, culturalproduction, and changing technologies of communication.F Nemata Blyden, George Washington UniversityF Violet Showers Johnson, Texas A&M UniversityF Paul Joseph López Oro, Smith CollegeCHAIR: Merle Collins, University of Maryland, College ParkSign-Up Link5:00 p.m. ESTSCHEDULEnmaahc.si.edu/MAA6:00 p.m. ESTSESSION 3: Struggles for Civil and Labor RightsStruggles for justice have shaped the relationship of black migrants andAfrican Americans for generations. This panel considers the contributions ofblack diasporic organizers and activists in the long history for civil rights andlabor rights.F Glenn Chambers, Michigan State UniversityF Fumilayo Showers, University of ConnecticutF Kaysha Cornealdi, Emerson CollegeCHAIR: Quincy Mills, University of Maryland, College Park#DiasporaLens7
SCHEDULEFRIDAY, MARCH 12, 2021SCHEDULESATURDAY MARCH 13, 2021Sign-Up Link3:30 p.m. ESTSign-Up LinkSESSION 4: Artistic Encounters: Literature, Music and Art HistorySESSION 6: Curating Blackness in Museums and Cultural SpacesExamining the diaspora through the lens of cultural production and retention offersAlthough measures of diversity name “black” as a single category, someF Mukoma Wa Ngugi, Cornell UniversityF Dagmawi Woubshet, University of PennsylvaniaF Silvio Torres-Saillant, Syracuse UniversityF Jason McGraw, Indiana UniversityCHAIR: Zita Nunes, University of Maryland, College ParkSign-Up Link5:00 p.m. ESTF Deborah L. Mack, National Museum of African American History and CultureF María Elena Ortiz, Perez Art Museum MiamiF Aleia Brown, University of Maryland, College ParkF Diala Touré, Appraisals of ValueMODERATOR: Ariana A. CurtisNational Museum of African American History and Culture4:30 p.m. ESTdynamic examples of the meanings and legacies of migration. This session will explorehow cultural productions in literature, music, and art both reflect and contribute to thecomplexity of encounters between African Americans and black immigrants during the20th century.museums and cultural institutions focus on the research, collection,preservation, and display of black diversity. This panel will explore what itmeans historically, and in a contemporary context, to present diverseblack stories, whether for “traditional” museum audiences, predominantlyblack visitors, or in digital spaces.SESSION 5: Global Geographies and Constructions of BlacknessThis session will address how black immigrants and their interactions with AfricanAmericans have forged new and more global experiences of blackness over thecourse of the 20th century.F Lara Putnam, University of PittsburghF J. Marlena Edwards, Pennsylvania State UniversityF Minkah Makalani, The University of Texas at AustinF Erik McDuffie, University of IllinoisCHAIR: Samir Meghelli, Anacostia Community Museum8nmaahc.si.edu/MAA#DiasporaLens9
SCHEDULEFRIDAY, MARCH 19, 2021SCHEDULEFRIDAY, MARCH 19, 2021Sign-Up Link4:30 p.m. ESTSign-Up LinkSESSION 7: Mediating Blackness: A Journalist's RoundtableSESSION 8: Movement of a People: Framing Black Migration on FilmAlthough black migrations within and into the United States are nothing new,Film can be a powerful visual medium of expression and commentary. This6:00 p.m. ESTarticulations of black diversity are receiving a surge in media attention. BlackAmericans are increasingly naming their transnational, multiethnic, andmultilingual realities, among other identities. The journalists on this panelwill explore the use of collective terminologies such as African American andblack, and discuss how the multiplicity of news media, both written andsocial, is responding to diverse black perspectives.F Carl-Philippe Juste, Miami Herald Media CompanyF Isma’il Kushkush, Freelance journalistF Felice León, The RootF Jeneé Osterheldt, The Boston GlobeMODERATOR: Natalie Hopkinson, Howard Universitypanel, part of the Creatively Speaking film series, will use short films to showvarious aspects of multicultural black American experiences, includingmigration pathways, the search for roots, and mixed feelings of bothalienation and belonging.F Cassandra Bromfield, co-creator/talent, Into My LifeF Julie Dash, filmmaker, *Standing at the Scratch LineF Ellie Foumbie, filmmaker, No Traveler ReturnsF Kavery Kaul, filmmaker, The Bengali: A Work in Progress TrailerMODERATOR: Michelle Materre, Creatively Speaking*Standing at the Scratch Line is part of The Great Migration (1916-1930):A City Transformed a project of Scribe Video Center with major fundingfrom the Pew Center for Arts and Heritage.10nmaahc.si.edu/MAA#DiasporaLens11
SCHEDULEFRIDAY, MARCH 19, 2021FILMSF Standing at the Scratch Line, by Julie Dash, 2016 (11 minutes)The year 2016 marks a century since the beginning of the first Great Migration of AfricanAmerican families to the Philadelphia area at the start of World War I. Dash capturesthe stories of a people seeking refuge and freedom in the African Methodist EpiscopalChurch. Working with Mother Bethel AME in Philadelphia, and Mother Emmanuel AME inCharleston, South Carolina, Dash creates a cinematic poem about returning to sacred spacesof departure and arrival.F No Traveler Returns, by Ellie Foumbi, 2018 (12 minutes)Migrating to the United States as a young black male can be a difficult process. For a youngAfrican immigrant, the adjustment can at times be overwhelming. This beautifully shot black-and-white film tells the story of one young man’s struggle to adapt to life in America,which eventually pushes him toward an existential crisis.F The Bengali: A Work in Progress, by Kavery Kaul, 2020 (8-minute trailer)An untold story of ties between South Asians and African Americans in the United States. Inthe early 1900s, an Indian Muslim man marries an African American Christian woman. Agranddaughter of this vibrant cultural tangle travels to Bengali, India, in search of family aworld apart—a remarkable quest of hope and fear, as she tackles deep divides of culture.F Into My Life, by Cassandra Bromfield with Grace Remington, Sarah Keeling,and Ivana Hucíková, 2018 (15 minutes)Since 1965, an African American mother-daughter filmmaking duo has chronicled their12lives on 8-mm film. Into My Life pays tribute to their drive for self-preservation and self-representation, highlighting the memories, identities, and relationships housed within theirarchive. From Puerto Rico to Lindsay Park in South Williamsburg, Brooklyn, thewomen experience vast changes to the places they have made their home.nmaahc.si.edu/MAASCHEDULESATURDAY, MARCH 20, 2021Sign-Up Link1:00 - 2:30 p.m. ESTCOMMUNITY DAY: Telling Tales of the DiasporaThis community day engages visitors in exploring what diaspora is and whatit means to them. Dr. Jessica Harris will discuss her recent book, VintagePostcards from the African World: In the Dignity of their Work and the Joy of theirPlay. During this presentation, selected postcards will come to life throughtheatrical scenes written and directed by playwright Gabrielle Fulton Ponder.Sign-Up Link4:30 p.m. ESTSESSION 9: Advancing Blackness in Activism and JusticeWithin black populations, despite unvarying concerns about violence andracism, each generation believes more strongly in the possibility of racialequity. Millennials are members of one of the most populous, well-educated,and racially and ethnically diverse generations in the United States. Thispanel discussion will explore contemporary sites of black activism formillennial leaders, including anti-racism, immigration, and economic justice.F Malachi Hernandez, Massachusetts State HouseF Gregory “Ronnie” James, UndocuBlack NetworkF DeJoiry McKenzie-Simmons,National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleF Nakia Woods, HOPE CollaborativeMODERATOR: Nana Afua Brantuo, Justice for Muslims Collective#DiasporaLens13
SCHEDULESATURDAY, MARCH 20, 2021Sign-Up Link6:00 p.m. ESTSESSION 10: I, Too, Sing America: Writing Blackness in Poetry and FictionThis panel discussion brings together renowned authors whose cultural rootsspan the African diaspora. They will discuss their use of the written word asa medium to communicate black immigrant experiences, including thecomplexity of encounters with other black Americans in the United States.F Dinaw Mengestu, authorF Edwidge Danticat, authorF Elizabeth Acevedo, poet and authorMODERATOR: Joanne Hyppolite,National Museum of African American History and CultureBook PurchasesTitles by Dinaw Mengestu, Edwidge Danticat, and Elizabeth Acevedo are available for14purchase from the NMAAHC gift shop using this order form.nmaahc.si.edu/MAAPARTICIPANTSElizabeth Acevedo is a National Poetry Slamchampion who received the 2018 NationalBook Award for her New York Times bestsellingnovel for young adults, The Poet X. She is also awinner of the Boston Globe-Hornbook Awardfor Best Children’s Fiction, and author of thechapbook Beastgirl & Other Origin Myths. Sheholds a B.A. in Performing Arts from The George WashingtonUniversity and an M.F.A. in Creative Writing from the University ofMaryland. Her most recent book, With the Fire on High, is a youngadult novel. She lives in Washington, D.C.@acevedowrites@AcevedoWritesNemata Blyden is associate professor ofHistory and International Affairs at The GeorgeWashington University. Her most recentmonograph is African Americans and Africa:A New History. Blyden’s research interests liein African and African diaspora history, andshe has published on women in 19th-centuryLiberia, West Indian migration to Sierra Leone, and relationshipsbetween African Americans and African and le Boyce Davies is professor of AfricanaStudies and English at Cornell University.She has held distinguished professorshipsat a number of institutions, including theHerskovits Professor of African Studies andProfessor of Comparative Literary Studies andAfrican American Studies at NorthwesternUniversity. She is the author of Black Women, Writing and Identity:Migrations of the Subject (Routledge, 1994) and Left of Karl Marx:The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones (Duke UniversityPress, 2008).@caroleboycedaviesNana Brantuo, a doctoral candidate atthe University of Maryland, College Park,is an educator, writer, and immigrants’rights advocate. She is the strategic policyand advocacy adviser for the Justice forMuslims Collective. Her research focuses onblack mobilities and migrations, immigrantacculturation, and return migration. Her writing has appeared inThe Hill, PBS Newshour, the African American Intellectual HistorySociety, and OkayAfrica.@NanaYBrantuo@newafricanCassandra Bromfield regards herself asa creative since birth. She has been a selfreliant businesswoman since the 1990s,creating wedding gowns and social occasiondresses for women in Brooklyn, New York.Her inspiration comes from her mother, whowas always documenting everyday events.@Cassbromfield@cassbromfieldAleia M. Brown serves as the AssistantDirector of the African American History,Culture and Digital Humanities (AADHum)Initiative where she co-directs the RestorativeJustice Project and leads research, teaching, andprogrammatic initiatives. She holds a Ph.D. inPublic History from Middle Tennessee StateUniversity. Her research and publicly engaged work explores blackwomen’s material and digital culture created to advance blackfreedom struggles. She is the co-curator of the traveling exhibitionUbuntutu: Life Legacies of Love and Action. She is also theco-founder and organizer of two digital humanities son.#DiasporaLens15
PARTICIPANTSPARTICIPANTSLonnie G. Bunch III is the 14th Secretary ofthe Smithsonian. He assumed his position June16, 2019. As Secretary, he oversees 19 museums,21 libraries, the National Zoo, numerousresearch centers, and several education unitsand centers. Bunch was the founding directorof the Smithsonian’s National Museum ofAfrican American History and Culture and is the first historian tobe Secretary of the Institution.@SmithsonianSecMerle Collins is professor of English at theUniversity of Maryland, College Park, anddirector of the Latin American Studies Center.She has published short stories, collections ofpoetry that include Because the Dawn Breaks andLady in a Boat, and the novels Angel and TheColour of Forgetting. Collins has also publishedseveral articles on politics and society in Grenada and produced aDVD on Grenadian culture.Glenn Chambers Jr. is associate professor ofHistory at Michigan State University and authorof Race, Nation, and West Indian Immigrationto Honduras, 1890–1940. His current projecthighlights West Indian migration to highlyracialized Jim Crow New Orleans. Centralto Chambers’s scholarship is an emphasis onthe ways in which people of African descent have maintained acommon identity rooted in a shared history and experience.Kaysha Corinealdi is assistant professor ofHistory at Emerson College and a fellow atthe Afro-Latin American Research Institute atHarvard University. She is completing revisionson her manuscript, Defining Panama: Zones ofExclusion and Afro-Caribbean Diasporic WorldMaking. Corinealdi’s work has been supportedby the Woodrow Wilson National Foundation and featured in theCaribbean Review of Gender Studies and the Global South.Msia Kibona Clark is associate professor ofAfrican Studies at Howard University. She haswritten on African migrant experiences andAfrican/black identity, including her co-editedvolume, Pan African
African American History and Culture proudly present the symposium Making African America: Immigration and the Changing Dynamics of Blackness. Nationally, nearly one in 10 black Americans is an immigrant or the child of an immigrant. This figure is significantly higher in our home community, the Maryland-DC-Virginia metropolitan area.
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