2019 Wisconsin Weed Science Research Report
2019 Wisconsin Weed ScienceResearch ReportRyan DeWerff, Nick Arneson, and Rodrigo WerleDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Extensionwww.WiscWeeds.info
2019 Wisconsin Cropping Systems Weed ScienceResearch TeamDr. Rodrigo WerleAssistant Professor, Extension Cropping Systems Weed ScientistMSc. Ryan DeWerffWeed Science Research Specialist, Wisconsin Herbicide EvaluationProgram CoordinatorMSc. Nick ArnesonWeed Science Outreach SpecialistDr. Maxwel OliveiraWeed Science Postdoctoral Research AsociateMSc. Dan SmithUW-NPM Southwest Wisconsin Regional Agronomy SpecialistWeed Science Graduate Research Assistants:Sarah Striegel, Nikola Arsenijevic, Victor Ribeiro, Kolby Grint, FelipeFaleco, Haleigh Ortmeier-ClarkeUndergraduate Research Assistant:Madison Melms, UW-Platteville
The purpose of this report is to share annual research results with cropproduction clientele of Wisconsin. Information herein does not constitute arecommendation or endorsement of any particular product or practice.Information herein also does not replace any information presented on pesticidelabels. More complete product use guidelines are given through the Universityof Wisconsin Extension publication:A3646, Pest Management in Wisconsin Field CropsAvailable at: https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Despite careful proof reading, there may be some typing or compilation errors inthe report. Should you find any information presented to be questionable,please contact:MSc. Ryan DeWerffWeed Science Research SpecialistWisconsin Herbicide Evaluation Program CoordinatorDepartment of AgronomyUniversity of Wisconsin-Madisondewerff@wisc.eduorDr. Rodrigo WerleExtension Weed ScientistDepartment of AgronomyUniversity of Wisconsin-Madisonrwerle@wisc.edu(608) 262-7130DO NOT REPRODUCE INFORMATION PRESENTED WITHIN THIS REPORT FORPUBLIC DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE EXPRESSED WRITTEN CONSENT FROMRODRIGO WERLE. 2019 Rodrigo Werle – Wisconsin Cropping Systems Weed Science
We sincerely thank the following companies and organizations who havegenerously supported our research program through financial and/or materialdonations (listed in alphabetical order):AMVACBASFBayer CropScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesCorteva AgriscienceDepartment of Agronomy, UW-MadisonFMCHelm AgroO’Brien HybridsSipcam AgroSyngentaUnited Soybean BoardUPLValentWest Central/CHS AgronomyWisconsin Corn Promotion BoardWisconsin Soybean Marketing BoardWe would also like to give a special thanks to all the organizations andindividuals who provided valuable technical assistance with many aspects of theresearch projects presented herein.University of Wisconsin faculty and staffMichael Bertram – Arlington Ag Research Station SuperintendentDouglas Wiedenbeck – Lancaster Ag Research Station SuperintendentArlington and Lancaster Ag Research Station personnelAgricultural Research of Wisconsin, LLCDan and Mark O’Brien – O’Brien HybridsNick Baker – UW Extension – Rock CountyJeff Laufenberg – Syngenta
Table of ContentsCorn Weed Control TrialsTrial #Page #Bayer Integrated Corn Herbicide ProgramsCN021-5Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-pass Programs with AtrazineCN046-10Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-pass Programs without AtrazineCN0511-14Systems Approach to Weed Management in CornCN0915-27Evaluation of Corn Herbicide Soil Residual ActivityCN1128-34Trial #Page #XtendFlex Soybean Herbicide ProgramsSB0435-41Soybean Herbicide EvaluationSB0742-45UPL Preemergence Soybean Herbicide ProgramsSB1046-51Enlist Weed Control System in SoybeanSB2052-53Systems Approach to Weed Control in Xtend SoybeansSB1354-57Spray Early with Confidence Program in Xtend SoybeanSB0258-65Tavium Plus VaporGrip Efficacy in XtendSB0666-71Authority Brands Program Efficacy in SoybeanSB0972-75Evaluation of Soybean Soil Residual HerbicidesSB1176-87Utility of Layering Residual Herbicides in SoybeanSB1288-94Liberty and Enlist One/Enlist Duo Efficacy in Enlist SoybeanSB1795-97Valent Herbicides in a Liberty Link SystemSB2698-101Trial #Page #Fall vs Spring Burndown Control of DandelionBG01102-107Engenia, Enlist One, and Liberty Burndown EfficacyBG03108-110Postemergence Control of WaterhempBG04111-115Soybean Weed Control TrialsBareground Weed Control TrialsAdditional InformationPage #Precipitation and temperature summary116List of figures and tables117-118Index of weeds evaluated119Index of adjuvants119Index of herbicides evaluated120-122Index of trial sponsors123Predominant Weed Species in Trial: Color Codinggiant ragweedwaterhempcommon ragweedvelvetleaf
Trial: Bayer Integrated Corn Herbicide ProgramsTrial # 19-ROK-CN02Project Goal: Gain exposure to Bayer corn herbicide product offerings and potential integratedweed control systemsSite Description:Location:Field #:Soil type:% OM:pH:Fertilization:Janesville, WICrop: Corn4Variety: DKC 54-38 RIBPlano silt loamPlanting Date: 5/143.3Emergence Date: 5/226.7Population: 34,000 seeds/acre200 lbs N/acreDepth: 2 in75 lbs potash/acreRow spacing: 30 inPrevious crop: SoybeanPlot Size: 10 x 30 ftTillage: conventionalWeed species: giant ragweed (AMBTR), giant foxtail (SETFA), green foxtail (SETVI),barnyardgrass (ECHCG)Herbicide Application Information:Date:Treatment:Air Temp ( F):2” Soil Temp ( F):Soil moisture [surface]:RH %:Cloud cover %Wind speed (mph)/directionGPA:PSI:Nozzle:Nozzle spacing (in):Boom Height (in):5/15PRE (A)7480moist72102-4/W1519XR1100220206/36/13EPOST (B) POST TI110015 TTI11001520202324Crop and weed information at application:CornAMBTRWiscWeeds.InfoDate:Height (in):Stage:Height (in):Density (m2):5/15-6/33V22-44-406/136V3/V41-60-50University of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension1
Trial: Bayer Integrated Corn Herbicide ProgramsTrt # Treatment1Harness Xtra 5.6L2Harness Xtra 5.6LBalance Flexx3Harness Xtra 5.6LCorvus4Corvusatrazine5CorvusHarness Xtra 5.6L6Harness MAXatrazine7Acuron8Resicoreatrazine9Harness MAXatrazineDiFlexxMSOAMS (liquid)10 Harness MAXatrazineDiFlexx DUOMSOAMS (liquid)11 Harness MAXatrazineCaprenoNISAMS (liquid)12 CorvusatrazineHarness MAXNISAMS (liquid)13 Harness Xtra 5.6LBalance FlexxDiFlexxMSOAMS (liquid)WiscWeeds.InfoFormulation5.6 lb/gal5.6 lb/gal2 lb/gal5.6 lb/gal2.62 lb/gal2.62 lb/gal4 lb/gal2.62 lb/gal5.6 lb/gal3.85 lb/gal4 lb/gal3.44 lb/gal3.35 lb/gal4 lb/gal3.85 lb/gal4 lb/gal4 lbae/galTrial # 19-ROK-CN02SOAGroup5, 155, 15275, 152, 272, 2752, 275, 1515, 2755, 15, 274, 15, 27515, 27543.85 lb/gal4 lb/gal2.13 lb/gal15, 2754, 273.85 lb/gal4 lb/gal3.45 lb/gal15, 2752, 272.62 lb/gal4 lb/gal3.85 lb/gal2, 27515, 275.6 lb/gal2 lb/gal4 lbae/gal5, 15274Rate2.4 qt/a2 qt/a3 fl oz/a2 qt/a3.3 fl oz/a4.5 fl oz/a2 pt/a4.5 fl oz/a1.6 qt/a2 qt/a2 pt/a2.5 qt/a2.5 qt/a2 pt/a2 qt/a2 pt/a8 fl oz/a1% v/v2.5% v/v2 qt/a2 pt/a24 fl oz/a1% v/v2.5% v/v2 qt/a2 pt/a3 fl oz/a0.25% v/v2.5% v/v3.3 fl oz/a2 pt/a1.75 qt/a0.25% v/v2.5% v/v2 qt/a3 fl oz/a8 fl oz/a1% v/v2.5% CUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of POSTPOSTPOSTPREPREPOSTPOSTPOSTPREPREPOSTPOSTPOST2
Trial: Bayer Integrated Corn Herbicide ProgramsTrial # 19-ROK-CN02SOAGroup5, 15272, 27Trt # TreatmentFormulation14 Harness Xtra 5.6L5.6 lb/galBalance Flexx2 lb/galBCapreno3.45 lb/galNISAMS (liquid)15 Harness MAX3.85 lb/gal15, 27NISAMS (liquid)16 Degree XTRA4.04 lb/gal5, 15Capreno3.45 lb/gal2, 27NISAMS (liquid)17 Halex GT4.39 lb/gal9, 15, 27atrazine4 lb/gal5NISAMS (liquid)Adjuvants: AMS Amsol; NIS Induce; MSO Premium MSORate2 qt/a3 fl oz/a3 fl oz/a0.25% v/v2.5% v/v1.25 qt/a0.25% v/v2.5% v/v3 qt/a3 fl oz/a0.25% v/v2.5% v/v3.6 pt/a2 pt/a0.25% v/v2.5% OSTEPOSTTrial Summary:This trial evaluated the weed control and crop safety of various corn herbicide programs froman integrated Bayer portfolio. There was no visible corn injury from the PRE herbicides. Therewas minor leaf necrosis, less than 5%, from some of the herbicides applied at the EPOST andPOST timings (data not shown). Control of grass weed species was excellent, greater than 97%,for all PRE and PRE POST herbicide programs (data not shown). Grass control was fair to good(75-88%) for the EPOST herbicide programs at the last rating date on 6/26 (data not shown).Giant ragweed was the predominant species and in plots with heavy densities it largelyoutcompeted other species. The average control of giant ragweed was impacted by herbicideprogram (Figure 1). In general, the PRE treatments containing a group 27 herbicide (Trts 2-14)had better and more consistent giant ragweed control than without (Trt 1). All 2-pass herbicideprograms provided at least 90% control of giant ragweed 13 days after the POST application;whereas, none of the 1-pass programs exceded 90% at the same rating timing. Corn yield wassignificantly impacted by herbicide program, p 0.0001 (Figure 2). Averaged across alltreatments, yields of the 2-pass programs were consistently higher, 233 bu/acre, than the 1pass programs, EPOST 204 bu/acre and PRE 182 bu/acre.WiscWeeds.InfoUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension3
Trial: Bayer Integrated Corn Herbicide ProgramsTrial # 19-ROK-CN02Giant RagweedPRE100EPOSTPRE RE: 5/15 EPOST: 6/3 POST: 6/13Figure 1: Giant ragweed efficacy ratings for trial #19-ROK-CN02. Bars indicate the average % control the standard deviation of fourreplications following herbicide applications. Numbers on the x-axis correspond to the herbicide treatment list for the respective trial number.The dashed line indicates 90% control.WiscWeeds.InfoUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension4
Trial: Bayer Integrated Corn Herbicide ProgramsTrial # 19-ROK-CN02p 0.0001LSD 46.0Yield (bu/acre)PREEPOSTPRE POST2502001501005001234567891011121314151617Figure 2. Grain yield for trial #19-ROK-CN02. Bars indicate the average yield in bushels per acre the standard deviation of four replications.Numbers on the x-axis correspond to the herbicide treatment list for the respective trial number. Treatments are grouped according toapplication timing.WiscWeeds.InfoUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension5
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs with Atrazine# 19-ROK-CN04Project Goal: Evaluate various herbicide programs for season long weed controlSite Description:Location:Field #:Soil type:% OM:pH:Fertilization:Janesville, WICrop: Corn4Variety: Wyfels W4358Plano silt loamPlanting Date: 5/143.3Emergence Date: 5/226.7Population: 34,000 seeds/acre200 lbs N/acreDepth: 2 in75 lbs potash/acreRow spacing: 30 inPrevious crop: SoybeanPlot Size: 10 x 30 ftTillage: conventionalWeed species: giant ragweed (AMBTR), common lambsquarters (CHEAL), velvetleaf(ABUTH), giant foxtail (SETFA), green foxtail (SETVI), barnyardgrass (ECHCG)Herbicide Application Information:Date:Treatment:Air Temp ( F):2” Soil Temp ( F):Soil moisture [surface]:RH %:Cloud cover %Wind speed (mph)/directionGPA:PSI:Nozzle:Nozzle spacing (in):Boom Height (in):5/15PRE (A)7480moist72102-4/W1524XR1100220206/36/13EPOST (B) POST TI110015 TTI11001520202324Crop and weed information at Date:Height (in):Stage:Height (in):Density (m2):Height (in):Density (m2):Height (in):Density (m2):Height (in):Density 6V3/V41-710-40.5-10-1-University of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension6
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs with AtrazineTrt #123SOAGroupTreatmentFormulationCheckAcuron3.44 lb/gal5, 15, 27Acuron3.44 lb/gal5, 15, 27Halex GT4.39 lb/gal9, 15, 27AAtrex4 lb/gal5NISAMS (liquid)4Acuron3.44 lb/gal5, 15, 27Callisto Xtra3.7 lb/gal5, 27Roundup PowerMAX4.5 lbae/gal9AMS (liquid)5Halex GT4.39 lb/gal9, 15, 27AAtrex4 lb/gal5NISAMS (liquid)6Corvus2.63 lb/gal2, 27AAtrex4 lb/gal5Roundup PowerMAX4.5 lbae/gal9AMS (liquid)7Capreno3.45 lb/gal2, 27Roundup PowerMAX4.5 lbae/gal9Warrant3 lb/gal15Superb HCAMS (liquid)8Harness XTRA 5.6L5.6 lb/gal5, 15ImpactZ4.26 lb/gal5, 27MSOAMS (liquid)9Impact2.8 lb/gal27AAtrex4 lb/gal5Harness7 lb/gal15MSOAMS (liquid)Adjuvants: AMS Amsol; NIS Induce; MSO Premium MSOWiscWeeds.Info# 19-ROK-CN04RateAppTimingAppCode3 qt/a1.5 qt/a3.6 pt/a1 pt/a0.25% v/v2.5% v/v1.75 qt/a20 fl oz/a32 fl oz/a2.5% v/v4 pt/a1 pt/a0.25% v/v2.5% v/v4.5 fl oz/a3 pt/a32 fl oz/a2.5% v/v3 fl oz/a32 fl oz/a2 qt/a0.5% v/v2.5% v/v1.6 qt/a10.7 fl oz/a1% v/v2.5% v/v1 fl oz/a1 pt/a1.75 pt/a0.5% v/v2.5% TEPOSTEPOSTEPOSTEPOSTUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension7
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs with Atrazine# 19-ROK-CN04Trial Summary:This trial evaluated the weed control and crop safety of various corn herbicide programs withatrazine from the Syngenta, Bayer, and AMVAC corn herbicide portfolios. There was nosignificant corn injury from the PRE herbicides. There was some corn leaf necrosis, less than10%, from some of the herbicides applied at the EPOST and POST timings (data not shown).Control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and all grass species was excellent for alltreatments throughout the growing season (data not shown). Giant ragweed was thepredominant species and in plots with heavy densities it mostly outcompeted other species.The average control of giant ragweed was impacted by herbicide program (Figure 3). All 2-passherbicide programs provided comparable giant ragweed control 19 days after the POSTapplication. Giant ragweed control fell below 80% for all 1-pass programs (PRE and EPOST) atthe same rating timing. Corn yield was significantly impacted by herbicide program, p 0.0001(Figure 4). In general, corn yields of the 2-pass programs were greater, 234 bu/acre, than eitherof the 1-pass programs, EPOST 203 bu/acre and PRE 201 bu/acre. Yield of the untreatedcheck was only 18 bu/acre, indicating the heavy giant ragweed pressure in this trial.WiscWeeds.InfoUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension8
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs with Atrazine# 19-ROK-CN04Giant Ragweed100PREEPOSTPRE POST80604020023466/386/205797/2PRE: 5/15 EPOST: 6/3 POST: 6/13Figure 3. Giant ragweed efficacy ratings for trial #19-ROK-CN04. Bars indicate the average % control the standard deviation of fourreplications following herbicide applications. Numbers on the x-axis correspond to the herbicide treatment list for the respective trial number.The dashed line indicates 90% control.WiscWeeds.InfoUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension9
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs with Atrazine# 19-ROK-CN04lsd 29.7p 0.0001Yield (bu/acre)PREEPOSTPRE re 4. Grain yield for trial #19-ROK-CN04. Bars indicate the average yield in bushels per acre the standard deviation of four replications.Numbers on the x-axis correspond to the herbicide treatment list for the respective trial number. Treatments are grouped according toapplication timing. Bars with the same letter are not significantly different (p 0.0001).WiscWeeds.InfoUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension10
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs without Atrazine# 19-ARL-CN05Project Goal: Evaluate various herbicide programs for season long-weed control.Site Description:Location:Field #:Soil type:% OM:pH:Fertilization:Previous crop:Tillage:Weed species:Arlington, WICrop: Corn455Variety: NK 0142-3120-EZ1Plano silt loamPlanting Date: 5/42.8Emergence Date: 5/226.4Population: 36,000 seeds/acre150 lb N/acreDepth: 2 inSoybeanRow spacing: 30 inconventionalPlot Size: 10 x 25 ftcommon ragweed (AMBEL), common lambsquarters (CHEAL), velvetleaf(ABUTH), giant foxtail (SETFA), woolly cupgrass (ERBVI)Herbicide Application Information:Date:Treatment:Air Temp ( F):2” Soil Temp ( F):Soil moisture [surface]:RH %:Cloud cover %Wind speed (mph)/directionRainfall (in) 1 wk after APP:GPA:PSI:Nozzle:Nozzle spacing (in):Boom Height (in):5/5PRE7060moist4557-12/SW1.411524XR 1100220206/4EPOST7572moist63352-10/SE0.141540TTI 11001520236/20POST7570moist56752-9/SE1.241540TTI 5/V6.5-10-1.5-10-11-20-30Crop and weed information at Date:Height (in):Stage:Height (in):Density (m2):Height (in):Density (m2):Height (in):Density (m2):Height (in):Density (m2):5/5-University of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension11
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs without AtrazineTrt # Treatment1Check2Acuron FlexiPrincep 4L3Acuron FlexiHalex GTNISAMS4Acuron FlexiCallistoStatusRoundup PowerMAXAMS5Halex GTNISAMS6CorvusRoundup PowerMAXAMS7Balance FlexxTripleFlex IIRoundup PowerMAXAMS8HarnessLaudisRoundup PowerMAXDestiny HCAMS9CaprenoRoundup PowerMAXWarrantSuperb HCAMSAdjuvants: NIS Prefer 90WiscWeeds.InfoFormulationSOAGroup3.26 lb/gal4 lb/gal3.26 lb/gal4.29 lb/gal15, 27515, 279, 15, 273.26 lb/gal4 lb/gal56%4.5 lbae/gal15, 2727494.29 lb/gal9, 15, 272.63 lb/gal4.5 lbae/gal2, 2792 lb/gal4.25 lb/gal4.5 lbae/gal272, 4, 1597 lb/gal3.5 lb/gal4.5 lbae/gal152793.45 lb/gal4.5 lbae/gal3 lb/gal2, 27915# 19-ARL-CN05RateAppTimingAppCode2.25 qt/a1 qt/a1 qt/a3.6 pt/a0.25% v/v8.5 lb/100 gal1.3 qt/a3 fl oz/a2.5 oz/a32 fl oz/a8.5 lb/100 gal4 pt/a0.25% v/v8.5 lb/100 gal4.5 fl oz/a32 fl oz/a8.5 lb/100 gal5 fl oz/a2.5 pt/a32 fl oz/a8.5 lb/100 gal2 pt/a3 fl oz/a32 fl oz/a0.5% v/v8.5 lb/100 gal3 fl oz/a32 fl oz/a2 qt/a0.5% v/v8.5 lb/100 OSTEPOSTUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension12
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs without Atrazine# 19-ARL-CN05Trial Summary:This trial evaluated the weed control and crop safety of various corn herbicide programswithout atrazine from the Syngenta and Bayer portfolio. There was no significant corn injuryfrom the PRE herbicides. There was minor leaf necrosis, less than 5%, from some of theherbicides applied at the EPOST and POST timings (data not shown). Control of commonlambsquarters and common ragweed was excellent for all treatment throughout the growingseason (data not shown). Velvetleaf control was excellent for all treatments except for the PREHarness treatment (Trt 8), as control fell below 90% on the 6/21 rating. Grass control wasaffected by herbicide program throughout the growing season (Figure 5). All treatments with aPOST application had greater than 90% control on the 7/9 rating; whereas, the PRE onlytreatment (Trt 2) had 85% grass control. Corn yield did not significantly differ among herbicidetreatments (p 0.6814) as all treatments were effective at controlling most weeds (data notshown). Yield of the untreated check was reduced by 37 bu/acre (15%) when compared tothe average across all herbicide treatments. Although not significantly different, a small yieldreduction of the EPOST programs was observed. Yields of the various herbicide programswere as follows: untreated check 204 bu/acre, PRE only 244 bu/acre, EPOST 236 bu/acre,and PRE POST 243 bu/acre. This suggests that there may have been some yield losspotential by allowing weeds to compete with the crop early in the growing season.WiscWeeds.InfoUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison UW-Division of Extension13
Trial: Corn Herbicide Evaluation: 1 and 2-Pass Programs without Atrazine# 19-ARL-CN05GrassPREEPOSTPRE POST10080604020023455/2866/217897/9PRE: 5/5
Weed Science Research Specialist Wisconsin Herbicide Evaluation Program Coordinator Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison dewerff@wisc.edu or Dr. Rodrigo Werle Extension Weed Scientist Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison rwerle@wisc.edu (608)262-7130 DO NOT REPRODUCE INFORMATION PRESENTED WITHIN THIS REPORT FOR
W-253 2018 NORTH DAKOTA WEED CONTROL GUIDE Compiled by: Rich Zollinger Extension Weed Science Contributors: Mike Christoffers Research Weed Science, Weed Genetics Caleb Dalley Research Weed Science, Hettinger R&E Center Greg Endres Extension Area Agronomist, Carrington R&E Center Greta Gramig Research Weed Science, Weed Ecology Kirk Howatt Research Weed Science, Small Grains/Minor Crops
3.2 Chemical Weed Control 10 3.3 Thermal Weed Control 14 3.4 Biological Weed Control 15 4.0 Natural Areas Weed Management 16 4.1 Purpose 16 4.2 Limitations 16 4.3 Study Area 16 4.4 Weed Management Site Prioritisation 18 4.5 Weed Monitoring 20 4.6 Weed Prevention 22 4.7 Weed Control 24 4.8 Partnerships 28 5.0 Parks and Urban Landscaping
Introduction to Weed Science and Weed Identification . Definition of a Weed A plant growing where it is not wanted (Oxford Dictionary) Any plant or vegetation, excluding fungi, interfering with the objectives or requirements of people (European Weed Science Society)
A guide to spring weed control Spring weed control in established pasture There are three key steps to effective spring weed control in established pasture - timing, weed identification and product selection. 1. Timing One of the most common mistakes made with spring weed control is spraying too late.
control, weed control, weed control '. Of course there are other important tasks, but weed control is surely one of the most vital! It is important to achieve good weed control in the 1m2 around each seedling. However the amount of ground disturbance should be kept to a minimum as open ground is an invitation to fresh weed establishment.
Introduction Weed management has been identified in many surveys of organic growers and farmers as being their number one problem, often by over 80% of respondents. Good weed management is essential for a successful organic enterprise. However, the amount of detailed information on organic weed . Organic Weed Management: A Practical Guide .
weed dry weight and recordedhigher weed control efficiency in groundnut.The use of herbicide as a means of weed management is fast gaining momentum especially in groundnut cultivation. Herbicides are efficient in suppressing or modifying weed growth in such a way as to prevent interference with crop establishment (Kunjo, 1981).
E hub length D 1 with brake disc D.B.S.E D 2 w/o brake disc B 1 overall length with brake disc B 2 overall length w/o brake disc F H AGMA gear coupling size
