KEY BRAIN Brain Gross Anatomy Terms

KEYBRAINBrain Gross Anatomy Terms1) Explain each of the following in terms of structure of the braina) Central sulcus- shallow groove that runs across brain sagitallyb) Lateral fissure- deep groove that runs anterior to posterior on lateral side of brainc) Precentral gyri- ridge anterior to the the central sulcusd) Temporal lobe- rounded region of brain on lateral aspect2) Describe the structure /location for each of the major parts of the braina)Cerebrum-forebrain, forms the bulk of the brains massb)Diencephalon-composed of thalamus and hypothalamus in central portion of brainc)Cerebellum-posterior/inferior brain, consists of two hemispheresd)Midbrain-in the middle of two other regions: the forebrain and the hindbrain.e)Brain stem- includes the pons and medulla oblongataf)Corpus callosum- band of tissue that connects the right and left hemispheres.3) Meningesa) Dura mater-most superior of the meningeal layers, it is tough and inflexibleb) Arachnoid mater-middle layer of the meninges, spider web like appearance of the bloodvessels below this membrane. CSF circulates through.c) Pia mater-innermost layer of the meninges, covers the surface of the brainBrain Lobes and RegionsBrain RegionFrontal lobe-Primary motor cortex-Prefrontal cortexParietal lobe-Primary sensorycortexTemporal lobe-Auditory cortexLocationAnterior brain, 2hemispheresPosterior frontal lobeAnterior frontal lobePosterior to frontallobeAnterior parietal lobeFunctionsConcentration, problem solving, cognitionInferior to frontal andparietal lobesSuperior temporallobeSound, smell, memoryVoluntary execution of movementProcessing area to reason and plan our actionsUnderstanding speech, perception of stimuli,spatial orientationProcesses and analyzes sensory informationReceive information the ears1

-Wernicke’s area-HippocampusOccipital lobe-Vision centersDiencephalon-Hypothalamus-Thalamus-Limbic systemPituitary glandMidbrainPonsMedulla oblongataCerebellumLateral, posteriorparietalMedial temporal lobePosterior cerebralhemispherePosterior occipital lobePerception and language processingIn diencephalon,below thalamusIn diencephalonIn diencephalonAttached to base ofbrainCentral part of brainRegulate appetite, thirst, and temperature.Produces hormonesRelay station for sensory inputRegulate emotional responsesRegulates hormone controlAnterior bulge of brainstemFrom pons to spinalcordPosterior/inferior tocerebrumShort term to long term memoryVisual imagesAssociate visual information with memoriesReflex of head and neck in response to sight andsoundRelay center between cerebellum and cerebrumVital functions such as heartbeat, BP, andbreathingCoordinates complex movementsLabel the following each of the following structuresFirst drawing: Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, primary sensory cortex,primary motor cortex, Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, central sulcusSecond drawing: Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pons, midbrain, medullaoblongata, cerebellum, corpus callosum2

Ventricles1) What is the importance of ventricles? Produces CSF2) What is Cerebrospinal fluid? - clear, watery fluid that fills the ventricles of the brain and thesubarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord. It protects, provides nutrients and eliminateswaste.3) Label the correct parts of the diagram. Describe the location of each partVentricleFourth ventricleThird VentricleLateral ventricles (right and left)Locationlocated posterior to the pons and upper medulla oblongataand anterior-inferior to the cerebellumcavity of the diencephalonis located within the parietal lobe. The roof is formed by thecorpus callosum3

EYEEyeABCDEFGHIJKStructureCorneaAqueous humorIrisCiliary bodyLensRetinaChoroidScleraFoveaOptic nerveVitreous humorFunctionProtection and refraction of lightGives cornea shape and nutrientsPigmented muscle that controls pupil sizeChanges the size of the lensRefracts lightPhotoreceptors that collect light (cones and rods)Layer that contains blood vesselsWhite of eye that gives eyes shape and supportHighest concentration of photoreceptorsSends signals to brain (also blind spot)Jelly-like substance that support the eye ball1)Describe Myopia and Hyperopia and how we correct these eye disorders.Myopia is nearsightedness. Focal point is before the retina. Concave (divergent) lens correctsHyperopia is farsightedness. Focal point is past the retina. Convex (convergent) lens corrects.2)What is astigmatism? How is it corrected? Irregular shape of cornea. Lens is shape to account for.4

EAREyeABCDEStructurePinnaMalleusSemicircular canalsVestibular nerveCochleaFEustachian tube (auditory)GTympanic membraneHEar or auditory canalFunctionExternal ear that collects vibrationHammer bone that amplify vibrationRotational equilibriumCarries information for gravitational equilibriumSnail shape structure contains hair receptors that sendvibration information to brainTube that equalize pressure in inner ear. Connects toback of throat.Vibrates to generate physical vibrations to send them tothe ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes)Connect pinna to tympanic membrane1) Trace the path of sound through the ear- include structures and functions.Pinna auditory canal tympanic membrane malleus incus stapes oval window - vestibule cochlea2) What are the two types of equilibrium and what controls them?Gravitational- vestibuleRotational – semicircular canals of5

1 KEY BRAIN Brain Gross Anatomy Terms 1) Explain each of the following in terms of structure of the brain a) Central sulcus- shallow groove that runs across brain sagitally b) Lateral fissure-deep groove that runs anterior to posterior on lateral side of brain c) Precentral gyri- ridge anterior to the the central sulcus d) Temporal lobe- rounded region of brain on lateral aspect