Presentation - NMMB Presentation Svedberg V15 072911.ppt
http://www.nationalacademies.org/NSF Ceramics PI Workshop 07/29/2011
Insight into the Operations ofThe National AcademiesErik Svedberg, NMMB Senior Staff OfficerNSF Ceramics PI Workshop 07/29/2011
OVERVIEW OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIESAND THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Four organizationsgcompriseptheAcademies:the National Academy of Sciences,the National Academy of Engineering,the Institute of Medicine andthe National Research Council.Known collectively as the NationalAcademies,Our organization produces groundbreakingreports that have helped shape soundpolicies inform public opinion,policies,opinion andadvance the pursuit of science,engineering, and medicine.
Ralph J. Cicerone isPresident of theNational Academy ofSciences and Chair ofthe National ResearchCouncil.CouncilCharles M. Vestis President of theNAEHarvey VV. Finebergis President of theInstitute ofMedicine.
National Academy of Sciences Building (CLOSED FOR RESTORATION UNTIL 2012)2100 C St., N.W.This historic building hosts the NAS, NAE, and IOM Annual Meetings, and various symposia,lectures, and cultural events and art exhibits that are open to the public. Visitors can see theAlbert Einstein Memorial and explore the building’s interesting art and architectural featuresduring normal business hours.Keck Center of the National Academies500 Fifth St., N.W.Opened in 2002,2002 the Keck Center houses more than 1,0001 000 employees and is a popular site for public meetings.meetingsThe National Academies Press Bookstore is on the first floor.Marian Koshland Science Museum of the National Academy of SciencesSixth and E streets, N.W.The Koshland Science Museum engages the general public in an exploration of the currentscientific issues that affect their lives. The museum's state-of-the-art exhibits, public events,and educational programs provide information that stimulates discussion and offers insight intohow science supports decision-making.Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center of theNational Academies100 Academy Drive, IrvineThe Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center Theaward-winning conference center is situated onseven acres bordering the cities of Irvine andNewport BeachBeach.J. Erik Jonsson Conference CenterJ314 Quissett Ave., Woods HoleLocated on Cape Cod, the J. Erik JonssonConference Center is a historic year-roundconference facility that hosts the DistinctiveVoices Series @ the Jonsson Center andwelcomesla varietyi t off scientific,i tifi educational,d ti land corporate meetings. The property boastsmagnificent views of Quissett Harbor andBuzzards Bay and can accommodate groupsranging in size from five to 100.
Dr. Leroy E. Hood: [ NAS / NAE / IOM ]Frances Arnold accepts the 2011 Draper Prize, Pim Stemmer accepts the DraperPrize, Leroy Hood accepts the Russ Prize, Ed Crawley accepts the Gordon Prize
Th NTheNationali lAAcademydoff SSciencesi(NAS) isi organizedi d intoisixibroadly defined Classes, further divided into 31 disciplinarySections. The current organization of Classes and Sections isshown below.Class I: Physical and Mathematical SciencesSection 11: MathematicsSection 12: AstronomySection 13: PhysicsSection 14: ChemistrySection 15: GeologySection 16: GeophysicsClass II: Biological SciencesSection 21: BiochemistrySection 22: CellularCell lar and DevelopmentalDe elopmental BiologyBiologSection 23: Physiology and PharmacologySection 24: Cellular and Molecular NeuroscienceSection 25: Plant BiologySection 26: GeneticsSection 27: Evolutionary BiologySection 28: Systems NeuroscienceSection 29: Biophysics and Computational BiologyClClassIIIIII: EngineeringE ii andd AppliedA li d SciencesS iSection 31: Engineering SciencesSection 32: Applied Mathematical SciencesSection 33: Applied Physical SciencesSection 34: Computer and Information SciencesClass IV: Biomedical SciencesSection 41: Medical Genetics, Hematology, and OncologySection 42: Medical Physiology and MetabolismSection 43: ImmunologySection 44: Microbial BiologyThe National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is organized intwelve sections representing broad engineering categories; thenames and scopes of these sections are below. Members arerequired to select a primary section affiliation, and may also choosea secondary affiliation.01 - Aerospace Engineering02 - Bioengineering03 - Chemical Engineering04 - Civil Engineering05 - Computer Science & Engineering06 - Electric Power/Energy Systems Engineering07 - Electronics Engineeringgg08 - Industrial, Manufacturing & Operational Systems Engineering09 - Materials Engineering10 - Mechanical Engineering11 - Earth Resources EngineeringClass V: Behavioral and Social SciencesSection 51: AnthropologySection 52: PsychologySection 53: Social and Political SciencesSection 54: Economic SciencesClass VI: Applied BiologicalBiological, AgriculturalAgricultural, and EnvironmentalSciencesSection 61: Animal, Nutritional, and Applied Microbial SciencesSection 62: Plant, Soil, and Microbial SciencesSection 63: Environmental Sciences and EcologySection 64: Human Environmental Sciences12 - Special Fields & Interdisciplinary Engineering
Th NTheNationali lAAcademydoff SSciencesi(NAS) isi organizedi d intoisixibroadly defined Classes, further divided into 31 disciplinarySections. The current organization of Classes and Sections isshown below.Class I: Physical and Mathematical SciencesSection 11: MathematicsSection 12: AstronomySection 13: PhysicsThe National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is organized intwelve sections representing broad engineering categories; thenames and scopes of these sections are below. Members arerequired to select a primary section affiliation, and may also choosea secondary affiliation.01 - Aerospace EngineeringSection 14: ChemistrySection 15: Geology02 - BioengineeringSection 16: Geophysics03 - Chemical EngineeringClass II: BiologicalgSciencesSection 21: BiochemistrySection 22: Cellular and Developmental BiologySection 23: Physiology and PharmacologySection 24: Cellular and Molecular NeuroscienceSection 25: Plant BiologySection 26: GeneticsSection 27: Evolutionary BiologySection 28: SystemsyNeuroscienceSection 29: Biophysics and Computational Biology04 - Civil Engineering05 - Computer Science & Engineering06 - Electric Power/Energy Systems Engineering07 - Electronics EngineeringClass III: Engineering and Applied SciencesSection 31: Engineering SciencesSection 32: Applied Mathematical SciencesSection 33: Applied Physical SciencesSection 34: Computer and Information SciencesClass IV: Biomedical SciencesSection 41: Medical Genetics, Hematology, and OncologySection 42: Medical Physiology and MetabolismSection 43: ImmunologySection 44: Microbial BiologyClass V: Behavioral and Social SciencesSection 51: AnthropologySection 52: PsychologySection 53: Social and Political SciencesSection 54: Economic SciencesClass VI: Applied Biological, Agricultural, and EnvironmentalSciencesSection 61: Animal, Nutritional, and Applied Microbial SciencesSection 62: Plant, Soil, and Microbial SciencesSection 63: Environmental Sciences and EcologySection 64: Human Environmental Sciences08 - Industrial, Manufacturing & Operational Systems Engineering09 - Materials Engineering10 - MechanicalM h i l EngineeringE ii11 - Earth Resources Engineering12 - Special Fields & Interdisciplinary Engineering
Election to the National Academy of Sciences:Pathways to membershipEvery spring, in late April or early May, the NationalAcademy of Sciences (NAS) elects new members.Membership in the NAS is a widely recognized signof excellence in scientific research, but most scientistsare not familiar with the process by which membersare elected.electedThe election’s successive ballots have become morecomplicated over time,time in part reflecting the rapidexpansion of scientific fields. The complexity reflectsa consensus process designed to ensure that an individual,or small ggroupp of individuals,, cannot have an undueinfluence on the election.www pnas orgcgidoi10 1073pnas 0503457102 PNAS May 24www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.050345710224, 2005 volvol. 102 nono. 21 7405–74067405 7406Bruce Alberts, President, National Academy of SciencesKenneth R. Fulton, Executive Director, National Academy of Sciences, and Publisher, PNAS
Consideration of a candidate begins with his or her nomination.Although many names are suggested informallyinformally, a formal nominationcan be submitted only by an Academy member.Each nomination includes a brief curriculum vitae pplus a 250-wordstatement of the nominee’s scientific accomplishments— the basis forelection—and a list of not more than 12 publications.The latter limit helps to focus on the quality of a nominee’s work,rather than the number of publications.Once a nominationOi i hash beenbprepared,d iti isi sent to theh chairh i off one offthe Academy’s 31 discipline based Sections, e.g., chemistry, cellularand developmental biology, or mathematics.(for a complete list, see www.nas.edu/sections)
Flow chart of the membernomination and election process.1,, Optional,p, as specifiedpbyySectional procedures;2, subject to modification bySectional procedures;p;3, an intersectional candidate mustreceive at least 25% on eachSection’s Informal Ballot toadvance to Formal Ballot and atleast 50% of total Formal Ballotvote to become a Nominee;4, Voluntary Nominating Group(VNG);py Nominatingg Groupp5, Temporary(TNG), which conducts informaland formal ballots subject to thesame rules as Sections.
NAS, NAE, and IOM Membership December 31, 2010 NAS: NAE IOM 2,136 members (75 emeritus)400 foreign associates31 sections in 6 classes2,224 members (227 emeritus)193 foreign associates12 sections1,722 members (77 emeritus)97 foreign associates12 sections
History of the National Academies
History of the National AcademiesThe National Academy of Sciences was born in the travail ofthe Civil War. The Act of Incorporation, signed by PresidentLincoln on March 3, 1863, established service to the nation asits dominant purpose.purposeOver the years, the National Academy of Sciences hasbroadened its services to the government.gIn 1916 the Academy established the National ResearchCouncil at the request of President Wilson to recruit specialistsfrom the larger scientific and technological communities toparticipate in that work.UnderUd ththe authorityth it off itsit charter,h t theth NationalN ti l AcademyA doffSciences established the National Academy of Engineering in1964 and the Institute of Medicine in 1970.
THE NATIONAL RESEARCHCOUNCIL (NRC) Serves as the principal operating arm of the NAS and theNational Academy of Engineering (NAE) in providing services togovernment,, the public,p, & the scientific & engineeringggthe gcommunities Administered jointly by the NAS & NAE and the Institute ofMedicine (IOM)
TodayThe mission of the NRC is to improvepggovernment decision makingg and ppublicpolicy, increase public education and understanding, and promote theacquisition and dissemination of knowledge in matters involving science,engineering, technology, and health.The NRC is committed to providing elected leaders, policy makers, and thepublic with expert advice based on sound scientific evidence. The NRC does notreceive direct federal appropriations for its work. Individual projects arefunded by federal agencies, foundations, other governmental and privatesources, and the institution's endowment.The work is made possible by 66,000000 of the world'sworld s top scientistsscientists, engineersengineers, andother professionals who volunteer their time to serve on committees andparticipate in activities.
THE NAS, NAE, IOM & NRCNAS(1863)ACT OF INCORPORATIONBruce AlbertsNAEIOM(1964)Chartered under the ActWilliama A. Wulfu(1970)Chartered under the ActHarveya ey Finebergebe gNRC(1916)ByBylaws,- Laws,ExecutiveExecutiveOrdersOrdersArticles of Organization
The NAS,ThNAS NAENAE, IOMIOM, anddRResearchhCCouncilil ddonot receive direct appropriations from thefederal government, although many of ouractivities are mandated and funded by Congressandd federalf d l agencies.i OurO workk extendsd wellllbeyond fulfilling federal government requests,however. Foundations, state governments, theprivate sector, and philanthropy fromi di id l enableindividualsbl us to addressddcriticali i l issuesion behalf of the nation.
METHODS OF OPERATION CONSENSUS STUDIES Balance and Composition of Committees Report Review CONVENING ACTIVITIES Workshops Roundtables OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS Fellowships and Associateships Research/Surveys Education and Training Data Banks
UNIQUE STRENGTHS Stature of academiesacademies’ memberships Ability to get the very best to serve “ProPro BonoBono” nature of committee service Special relationship to government Quality assurance and control procedures Reputation for independence and objectivity
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS Functions of NRC described in ExecutiveOrder 2859, as amended Noncompetitive contracting with government A privatei t organization,i tinott subjectbj t tto ththeFreedom of Information Act but subject toSection 15 of the Federal AdvisoryCommittee Act
EExecutiveti OrderO d 2859 Amendment of Executive Order No. 2859 of May 11, 1918, Relating to the National ResearchCouncil (Executive Order No. 10668 of May 10, 1956) "1. The functions of the Council shall be as follows:"(a) In general, to stimulate research in the mathematical, physical, and biological sciences, and inthe application of these sciences to engineering, agriculture, medicine, and other useful arts, with thej of increasingg knowledge,g , of strengtheninggg the national defense,, and of contributingg in otherobjectways to the public welfare."(b) To survey the broad possibilities of science, to formulate comprehensive projects of research,and to develop effective means of utilizing the scientific and technical resources of the country fordealing with such projects."(c) To promote cooperation in research, at home and abroad, in order to secure concentrationof effort, minimize duplication, and stimulate progress; but in all cooperative undertakings to giveencouragement to individual initiative, as fundamentally important to the advancement of science."(d) To serve as a means of bringing American and foreign investigators into active cooperationwith the scientific and technical services of the Department of Defense and of the civilbranches of the Government."(e) To direct the attention of scientific and technical investigators to the importance of military andindustrial problems in connection with national defense, and to aid in the solution of these problemsbyy organizinggg specificpresearches."(f) To gather and collate scientific and technical information, at home and abroad, in cooperationwith governmental and other agencies, and to render such information available to duly accreditedpersons. ment to executive order 2859.asp
FACAAcademies are exemptp from all but Sec. 15;; formost committees:– appointments, meeting notices will be posted on theWeb– principal report reviewers will be identified after thereport is completed– written materials provided by outsiders will be publiclyavailable (except classified or proprietary material)
STEPS TAKEN TO ENSURE INDEPENDENCE AND OBJECTIVITYThe reports of the National Academies are viewed as being valuable and credible because of theinstitution’s reputation for providing independent, objective, and non-partisan advice with highstandards of scientific and technical quality. Checks and balances are applied at every step in thestudy process to protect the integrity of the reports and to maintain public confidence in them. Thestudy process can be broken down into four major stages:1) defining the study,2) committee selection and approval,3) committee meetings, information gathering, deliberations, and drafting of the report, and4) report review.
STEPS TAKEN TO ENSURE INDEPENDENCE AND OBJECTIVITY1) defining the study,2) committeeitt selectionl ti andd approval,l
STEPS TAKEN TO ENSURE INDEPENDENCE AND OBJECTIVITY3) committee meetings, information gathering, deliberations, and drafting of the report, and4) report review.
Conflict of InterestPOINT OF VIEW IS DIFFERENT FROM CONFLICT OFINTERESTA point of view or bias is not necessarily a conflict of interest. Committeemembers are expected to have points of view, and the NationalAcademies attempt to balance these points of view in a way deemedappropriate for the task. Committee members are asked to considerrespectfully the viewpoints of other members, to reflect their ownviewsiratherh thanh beb a representativei off any organization,i i andd to basebtheir scientific findings and conclusions on the evidence. Eachcommittee member has the right to issue a dissenting opinion to thereport if he or she disagrees with the consensus of the other membersmembers.
Publish 185 new reports every year Maintain a backlist of more than 3600 titles Offer all our reports free online to read andsearchh ffree onlineli – more thanth 650,000650 000printable pages! Now PDF’s arealso available forfree.
With some favouringfi a routet across NicaraguaNiandd othersth advocatingdti theth purchasehoffthe French interests in Panama. Eventually, in June 1902, the U.S. Senate voted infavor of pursuing the Panamanian option.
NATIONAL MATERIALS ANDMANUFACTURING BOARDVisionThe mission and vision of the board is to provide objective,independent assessments of the current state of materials andmanufacturing research- including at the atomic, molecular, andnano scales - and the applicationsppof new and existingg materials ininnovative ways, including pilot-scale and large-scalemanufacturing, the design of new devices, and disposal.
Chair Maj. Gen.Robert H. LatiffPaul Peercy [NAE]U. Wisconsin-MadisonValerie BrowningConsultantGeorge (Rusty)Gray, II LANLVincent RussoAerospace Tech. Assoc.Robert Pfahl, Jr.InEMINabil NasrRochester Inst. of Tech.Vice-ChairDenise SwinkConsultantRobert E. SchafrikPaul CitronGEMedtronic (ret.) [NAE]Peter BridenbaughAlcoa (ret.) [NAE]Carol HandwerkerPurdue U.Haydn WadleyUVAThomas HartwickConsultantMichael McGrathANSERKenneth SandhageDavid Johnson, Jr.GITStevens Inst. Tech. [NAE]Tomas KingORNLYet-Ming ChiangMIT [NAE]Steven WaxConsultantSundaresan JayaramanGeorgia Inst. of Tech.
Holds Topical Workshops (as well as similar meetings which may be called research briefings,briefings symposia,symposiaconferences, or forums) to increase visibility and awareness for materials science issues. These may be organizedin as little as a month, may or may not include a proceedings or a summary report, or may use an appointedcommittee and produce a consensus report with NRC recommendations.Performs Narrow-Focus Studies to answer a specific technical or policy question, or to provide a fast responseto a pressing issue. This activity includes appointing a knowledgeable committee as well as some degree ofresearch and other fact-finding to support the committee's findings. Full activity reporting is required, as well asa full-consensus report review. The standard timeframe for such a study is 6-12 months.Performs In-Depth Studies to thoroughly address an overarching, multifaceted question with diligence andrigor. This activity includes appointing a distinguished committee as well as comprehensive research andanalysis. Full activity reporting is required, as well as a full-consensus report review. The products of such anactivity may also include interim reports, letter reports, and one or more 'open' meetings, similar to workshops.The standard timeframe for such a study is 12-18 months.Facilitates Topical Roundtables to bring together policy makers, technical experts, and practitioners fordiscussion. The Roundtable may set any schedule for meetings or workshops, and produces no reports orrecommendations.ecoe da o s. No activityac v y reportingepo g iss required.equ ed. CommitteeCoee memberse be s ar
Section 53: Social and Political Sciences Section 54: Economic Sciences Class VI: Applied Biological, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences Section 61: Animal, Nutritional, and Applied Microbial Sciences Section 62: Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Section 63: Environmental Sciences and Ecology Section 64: Human Environmental Sciences
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