Ancient River Valley Civilizations
Ancient River ValleyCivilizations1. Mesopotamia: Tigris andEuphrates Rivers2. Egypt: Nile River3. India: Indus and Ganges Rivers4. China: Yellow and YangtzeRivers
The Growth of Civilization Agricultural Revolution: farming created settledcommunities The five traits of a d workersComplex institutionsTechnology
Mesopotamia /Fertile CrescentLocated between Tigris andEuphrates Rivers
Some contributions ofancient civilizations Sumer: first civilization, plow, sailboat,wheel, cuneiform, ziggurats, polytheism Babylon: Code of Hammurabi Phoenicians: the alphabet and improvedshipbuilding Jews: ethical monotheism, Judaism Persians: well-built empire based ontolerance
Egypt, “Gift of the Nile”
History of pharaohs Around 3200 B.C., King Narmer of UpperEgypt conquered Lower Egypt and unitedthe two kingdoms The Egyptian kinds used the title of“pharaoh” and were considered god/kings
Some contributions ofEgyptian civilization HieroglyphicsEgyptian religion (polytheistic)PyramidsMummificationMedicine
Br o n z e Ag eE mp i r e s
Indus Valley Located between Indus andGanges Rivers
Some of the many contributions ofIndus Valley civilizations include. . . SanskritHinduismBuddhismReincarnationCaste system
Complex InstitutionsReligion in the Indus ValleyHinduism Hinduism is a mixture of Aryan andancient Indian culture The sacred writings are the Vedas thatexplain the basic philosophy ofHinduism. Beliefs include reincarnation, moksha,and castes.
A second religion of the IndusValley is Buddhism. Founder Sidhartha Gautama Beliefs Four Noble Truths,Eightfold Path,Nirvana No complex rituals, as in Hinduism, and itis taught in the everyday language.
Indus River Valley Indus sites not fully discovered yetNo kings/queens knownFew available recordsWas largest empire until Persiadevelops 1000 years later
Indus River Valley Two main cities of the Indus ValleyHarappaMohenjo-DaroBoth carefully planned & laid out ina grid pattern Structures built of oven-fired bricks Homes had indoor plumbing
Indus River Valley Archaeologists believe the 2 citieshad strong organized government Food seemed to be in good supply City planning indicatesdevelopment of mathematical skills Indus first to cultivate cotton Polytheistic religious beliefs
Huang He River Valley China’s geography has isolated it Chinese developed belief thatChina was the center of the Earth &source of all civilization China to south & southwesthemmed in by Tien Shan &Himalaya mountains
China’s River Valley Located between the Yellow (Huang-He)and Yangtze (Chang Jiang) Rivers
Chinese philosophies Confucianism: based on family, respectand education Daoism: based on living simply andharmony with nature Legalism: based on a strict and powerfulgovernment
Some of China’s manycontributions include. . . Printing The Great Wall of China Dynastic cycle
Huang He River Valley China’s history began in Huang HeValley People learned to farm during theNeolithic Age The yellow soil particles in the rivergive it its name “Yellow” Also known as “China’s Sorrow”because of the unpredictableflooding
Huang He River Valley The flooding is due in part to the loess inthe water that raises the level of the river Flooding has often been disastrous First Chinese in the valley to developwere the Shang Zhou overthrew the Shang Developed Mandate of Heaven idea
Huang He River Valley Mandate of Heaven says that thegods allowed a dynasty to rule untilthat dynasty got old & corrupt New dynasty was given new Mandateof Heaven to over throw old This changing of dynasties is calledthe Dynastic Cycle
Start hereA newdynastycomes to power.The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it moreefficient.Lives of commonpeople improved;taxes reduced;farming encouraged.Emperor isdefeated !!Rebel bands findstrong leader whounites them.Attack the emperor.Th eDy n a st i cCy c l ePoor loserespect for govt.They join rebels& attack landlords.Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.Farming neglected.Droughts,floods,famines occur.Govt. increasesspending;corruption.
Huang He River Valley By 1000 BC Chinese had develop silkproduction Chinese also produced first booksunder the Zhou Also produced porcelain, writing,coined money and cast iron
Other Civilizations to Consider Indo-European Civilizations–Aryans–Hittites
Aryans Developed Caste System–Lighter skin, higher caste–Aryans blended cultures–Brought in Hinduism Believed in reincarnation Karma & dharma Cows are sacred
Hittites Centered in Anatolia (modern Turkey,Asia Minor) Developed iron technology Developed the chariot which changedwarfare dramatically
Other Civilizations to Consider Fertile Crescent–Phoenicians–Coast of eastern MediterraneanSea–Carriers of civilization–Created alphabet
Final Thoughts How are these groups similar?How are they different?What did they contribute to the world?What impact did geography have oneach society?
Some contributions of ancient civilizations Sumer: first civilization, plow, sailboat, wheel, cuneiform, ziggurats, polytheism Babylon: Code of Hammurabi Phoenicians: the alphabet and improved shipbuilding Jews: ethical monotheism, Judaism Persians: well-built empire based on tolerance
on the globe. The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China emerged at this time. Ancient River Valleys The ancient civilizations of Meso-potamia, Egypt, India, and China, are referred to as river valley civilizations. Each of these civilizations
ANCIENT RIVER CIVILIZATIONS-WHI.3 -The earliest civilizations developed near a major river. -The 4 Major river valleys were: Tigris and Euphrates, Nile, Indus, and Huang He -Tigris and Euphrates River Valley: Mesopotamia, Sumerians, Babylonians -earliest civilizations found her
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