IdudkH F;dr; Re ;dlaIK úNd - Doenets.lk
idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.hjr I 2018 iy bka miqj meje;afjk úNd.i yd m%%Yak m;%% jHQQyh yd uQQ,dlD;s rningTSmr fhaIK yd ixjr Ok YdLdjcd;sl we.hSï yd mrSlaIK fiajdjY%S ,xld úNd. fomdr ;fïka; j
ishÆ u ysñlï weú 'idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h - jr I 2018 iy bka miqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%%Yakm;%% jHQQyh yd uQQ,dlD;s m%%YakY%%S ,xld úNd. fomdr ;fïka; jm%%:u uqøKh - 2018uQ,H wkq.%yhwOHdmk wdxYsl ixjr Ok jevigyk (ESDP) u.sks'uqøKh ( Y%%S ,xld úNd. fomdr ;fïka; j2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h- ii -
úNd. flduid ia ckrd,af.a mKsúvh21 jk ishji hkq f;dr; re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fmr lr.;a ishjils' úYaj.ïudk ixl,amfhka werUqKq iyi%%h ; cx.u rl:kh" m .Klh" wka;r cd,h yd pkaøsld;dlaIKh idudkH fuj,ï njg m;aúh' oYl folla ; fuu fÈaa;%fha is jQQ woaú;Sh fjkif,dalh mqrd iuia; ck;djf.a iud„h" wdr :ßl" ixialD;sl wd iEu wxYhlu m%%n, fjkialïis lrk , ' ta wkqj ;dlaI l kqu flakaø lr.;a ixjr Ok Wmdhudr . ; ska wdr :ßlixjr Okh .d lr .ekSu i yd iEu wdr :ßlhlau lghq; l w;r ta ; ska f,dal wdr :ßl;;a;ajfhys ;shqKq fjkila we;s úh'fõ.j;a wdr :ßl ixjr Ok b,lal .d lr .ekSu i yd Y%%S ,xldj ; o fuu fjkialïld,dkqrEmj is lrk ,o w;r wOHdmksl lafIA;%fha o ta i yd wjYH f,i kj úIhh y kajd u yd úIh ksr foaY kùlrKh lrk , 'ta wkqj idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úIhh (GIT) jr I 2004 mdi,a moaO;shg y kajdfokq ,enQQ w;r 12 fY%%aKsfha isiqka fuu úNd.h i yd m%%:u jrg fmkS isáfha 2005 jr Ifha h' t;eka mgka jdr Islj GIT úNd.h ,sÅ; úNd.hla f,i YS% ,xld úNd. fomdr ;fïka; júiska mj;ajkq ,nhs'tfia jqjo m%%dfhda.sl yelshd uek ne,sh hq; úIhla ,sÅ; we.hSï l%%ufõohlska we.hSug,la ls u fhda.H fkdjk neúka fjk;a we.hSï l%%ufõohl wjYH;djh mek ke. Ks' ta wkqj2018 jr Ifha isg idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h m%%dfhda.sl we.hSï l%%ufõohla yrydudr .; (online) l%%uhg meje;aùug lghq; fhdod we;' tu fya; fjka fuu úNd.h i ydisiqka ; mj;sk Woafhda.h iy ckm%%sh;djh jeä jk nj wmf.a ye .Suhs'jdr Islj f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h i yd b† m;a úh hq; wh ïlrejkaf.ka 75%muKla úNd.h i yd fmkS isák w;r fuu kj fjki ; ska úNd.h i yd b† m;a jkwh ïlrejka ixLHdj o by hkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr 'ixjr Okh .d lr .ekSu i yd fjkiaùu w;HjYH h' ta i yd lgql jQ;a IalrjQ;a l%shdudr . ; ska jevigyka l%shd;aul l hq; h' fuu m%%h;akh 21 jk ishjfiys úYaùhwNsfhda.hkag uqyqK †h yels ore mrmqrla wm rg ; ìys ls u fukau kùk ;dlaIKh ; skaksjer† fõ.j;a yd M,odhS we.hSï l%%ufõohla ksr udKh ls ug moku imhkq we;'idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h i yd ilia lr we;s fuu Wmfoia ix.%%yfhysI fldgfiys úNd.h iïnkaO fmd f;dr; re yd úNd.h meje;afjk wdldrh o II fldgfiysm%%Yak m;%%j, jHQQyh yd uQQ,slD;s m%%Yak m;%h o we; ;a fõ'fuu ix.%%yfhys we; ;a m%%Yak m;%% jHQQy iy uQQ,dlD;s m%%Yak ilia ls fï iyfhda.h ka iïm;a mqoa., uy;au uy;aókag;a Y%%S ,xld úNd. fomdr ;fïka; fõ mr fhaIK yd ixjr OkYdLdfõ ks,Od ka yd ldr h uKav,hg;a" uqøKd,hdêm;s we; Ω tu ldr h uKav,hg;a fuuldr hh i yd uQQ,H wkq.%yh lajQ wOHdmk wdxYsl ixjr Ok jevigykg;a (ESDP) udf.ayDohdx.u ia; ;sh m lrñ'î' ik;a mQ‚;úNd. flduid ia ckrd,a2018 Tlaf;daïnr 19YS% ,xld úNd. fomdr ;fïka; j2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h- iii -
WmfoaYl;ajh(î' ik;a mQ‚;úNd. flduid ia ckrd,afufyhùu yd ixúOdkh(.hd;s% wfí. KfialrúNd. flduid ia mr fhaIK yd ixjr Ok&iïnkaëlrKh(,isl iurfldakaiyldr úNd. flduid ia mr fhaIK yd ixjr Ok YdLdj&ta' l%%sIaKf.damsiyldr úNd. flduid ia mr fhaIK yd ixjr Ok YdLdj&mS' relau,a ufyaIa fmfr rdiyldr úNd. flduid ia mr fhaIK yd ixjr Ok YdLdj&;dlaI l WmfoaYl;ajh(wdpdr h ã'ã' lreKdr;akfcHIaG l:ßldpdr hm .Kl wOHhkdxYh" fld U úYaj úoHd,hwdpdr h tÉ't,a' fm%%aur;akf HIaG l:ßldpdr hm .Kl wOHhkdxYh" fld U úYaj úoHd,hwdpdr h rejka úl%%uwdrÉÑf HIaG l:ßldpdr h" le,Ksh úYaj úoHd,hfla'mS'tï'fla' is,AjdfcHIaG l:ßldpdr hm .Kl wOHhkdxYh" fld U úYaj úoHd,hwdpdr h tka' m%%;SIafcHIaG l:ßldpdr h" kef.kysr úYaj úoHd,htia'tï'iS'tï' w;a;kdhll ukdlref;dr; re ;dlaIK fomdr ;fïka; j" NSBMtia' Ykauq.,sx.ïfcHIaG l:ßldpdr hcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.uisâks chjr OkksfhdacH wOHCI ckrd,a úY%dñl&cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.uiqis,a udOqjf.awOHCI ;dCI l" úY%dñl&cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.um .Kl msgm; ieliqu(ví'ta'ã' p; ld †idkdhlo;a; igyka l%shdlretia' ldxpkdo;a; igyka l%shdlremsgljrh ksr udKh(tia'tÉ' iuka l udrrdcH l ukdlrK iyldr2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h- iv -
we; ; msgqI fldgi úNd.h yd iïnkaO fmd f;dr; re yd úNd.h meje;afjkwdldrh&II fldgi m%%Yak m;%%j, jHQQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak&msgq wxlh142018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-v-
I fldgiidudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK (GIT) úNd.h1. úNd.h yd iïnkaO fmd f;dr; re1.1 ye skaùuYS% ,dxlsh mdi,a orejkaf.a m .Kl idCIr;dj jeä †hqKq ls fï mshjrla jYfhkaw'fmd'i' W'fm & 12 fYa% fha isiqka i yd idudkH f;dr; re ;dCIK GIT& úIhh 2004jifr mdi,a moaO;shg y kajd fokq ,eîh' w'fmd'i' W'fm & mka;s meje;afjk iEumdi,lu fuu úIhh b.ekaùu is flfrk w;r w'fmd'i' W'fm & y rk iEu isiqfjl ufuu úIhh ye h hq; h'm .Kl ;dCIKh ms ns m%d% fhda.ls kqu yd Ndú;h jr Okh ls fï wruq ka fuysúIh ikaOdrh ieliS ;snqK o fuu úIhfha idOkh uekSu fï olajd u is lrkq ,enQfha ,sÅ;m CIKhla u.sks' fuu úIhfha wdrïNl wjêfha m%dfhda.sl we.hSula is ls ug ;rï há;,myiqlï m%udKj;a fkdjQ neúka tfia ,sÅ; m CIKhla u.ska idOkh uek ne,Su is fl 'miqld,Skj wOHdmk l,dm uÜgfï m .Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk msygs ùq u" mdi,aj,m .Kl ;dCIK úoHd.dr msygs ùq u wd†h ; ks a fuu úIh ms ns j o isikq fa .a wjOdkh jeäù we;' tfuka u m%dfhda.ls kqu ,sÅ; m CIKhla ; ks a uek ne,Su jvd;a idOdrK fkdjkksid;a fujeks úIhhla idïm% hsl ,sÅ; we.hSï l%ufhka neyerùh hq; ksid;a fuu úIhi yd jvd;a fhda.H we.hSï l%uhl wjYH;dj mek ke. 'ta wkqj fuu idudkH f;dr; re ;dCIKh GIT& úNd.h 2018 jifr isg udr .; Online& l%uhg meje;au i yd YS% ,xld úNd. fomdr ;fïka;j ishÆ lghq; ie,iqï lrf.khkq ,efí'úNd.h ms sn fmd Wmfoia1.2 úNd.h i yd b,aÆï ls uw'fmd'i' W'fm & 12 fYa%Ksfha bf.kqu ,nk ishÆ u wh ïlrejkaf.a wh ïm;%%b,aÆï lrk ,nk udOH iu . ú y,am;s úiska b† m;a l hq; h'1.3 úNd.h meje;afjk udOHhidudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h isxy," fou yd bx.s%is hk udOH ; fkkaumeje;aùug lghq; fhdod we;'1.4 wkkH;d m;%% ye kqïm;a&úNd. wfmalaIlhdf.a wkkH;dj ikd: ls u i yd ms s.kq ,nkafka mqoa.,hka,shdmoxÑ ls fï fomdr ;fïka; fjka ksl ;al cd;sl ye kqïm; fyda j,x. úfoaY.uka n,m;%%h mu '2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-1-
1.5 m%%fõY m;%%wh ïlrejka iïnkaOfhka wod ú yf,a ú y,am;s fj; úNd.h wdrïN ùug i;sfollg fmr m%%fõY m;%% ;eme,a lrkq ,efí' wh ïlrejkaf.aa m%%fõY m;%% mdi,g ,enqKqjydu tajd Tjqka fj; fnod tys m .Kl uqøß; f;dr; re ksjer† hs m laId lr n,kf,ig wh ïlrejkag Wmfoia †h hq; fõ' m%%fõY m;%%fha f;dr; rej, hï fjkila l hq; kï ú y,am;s úiska jydu ta nj Ys% ,xld úNd. fomdr ; fïka; fõ mdi,a úNd. ydixúOdk YdLdj fj; kaúh hq; h' ixfYdaOk lrkq ,nkafka uq,A wh ïm;g wkql ,jmuKs'1.6 úNd. kS;s ;súNd. flduid ia ckrd,a úiska úNd. i yd mkjd we;s fyda úáka úg mkjkq ,nkfyda kS;sˉ;s fuu úNd.fha iEu ldr hla i yd u j,x. fõ'1.7 fY%aKs ;SrKh lsˉum%;sM, ksl ;alsˉfï wh ïlrejka ,nd.;a ,l Kq wkqj my; i yka wdldrhgfY%aKs ms kefï',l Kq mrdihfY%aKsh75 - 10065 - 74A - úYsIag idudr :hB - wê iïudk idudr :h50 - 64C - iïudk idudr :h35 - 49S - idudkH idudr :h00 - 34W - r j, idudr :h2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-2-
idudkH f;dr; re ;dCIK úNd.h 2018 jifr isg iy bka miqj meje;afjk úNd. i yd&kj ksr foaYhg wod Wla; úNd.h 2019 ckjd ui meje;aùug fhda‚; fõ' fuujr Ifha isg idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h (GIT) udr .;j (Online) l%%uhgmeje;aùug ie,iqï lr we;' ta i yd mdi,a uÜgfï f;dard.;a m .Kl úoHd.dr ydl,dmSh m .Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk fhdod .kq we;'úNd.h meje;afjk wdldrh†klg w†hr folla hgf;a Woh jrej ijia jrej& †k wgla ; w†hr 16la hgf;aúNd.h meje;aùug wfmalaId lrhs' úNd.hg uqyqK ug wh ïlrejka ;u úoHd,Shm .Kl úoHd.drhg fyda wdikak;u m .Kl úoHd.drh fj; fhduq lrkq we;'úNd.h ms sn j fmr iQQodkï ùu yd udr .; úNd. iïnkaO;dj ms sn j isiqkagwjfndaOhla ,nd fï wruq ka úNd.hg fmr kshduk m laIK ; kla meje;aùugie,iqï lr we;' ta wkqj1' m uq kshduk m laIKh-Tlaf;daïnr ui2' fojk kshduk m laIKh-fkdjeïnr ui wjika i;sh3' f;jk kshduk m laIKh-2018 foieïnr 2019 ckjd m uq kshduk m laIKh wfmalaIlhkag ;u wNsu; ia:dkhg isgo" fojk yd f;jkkshduk m laIKh f;dard .;a uOHia:dkj, o uqyK ug yels jkq we;' kgm .Kl úoHd.dr myiqlï fkdue;s ú y,aj, isiqka m%%dfhda.sl m laIKh i yd tumyiqlï we;s wdikak mdi,a fj; fhduq ls ug wod l,dm wOHdmk wOHlaIjrekafj; Wmfoia yd kqj;a ls ï lr we;'2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-3-
II fldgiuQQ,dlD;s m%%YakYsIH idOkh we.hSu i yd uOH.; úNd. l%%ufha m%%Odk jYfhka rpkd m laIKyd jdia;úl m laIK o m%%dfhda.sl úIhhkaf.a l i,;d uek ne,Su i yd m%%dfhda.sl m laIKl%%ufõo Ndú; flfr ' ms s; re ,l Kq ls fï ix.;;djh wdrlaId lr .ekSu i yd we.hSïl%%shdj,sfha jeo.;a ia:dkhla jdia;úl m laIKj,g ysñfõ'we.hSu i yd Ndú; lrk rpkd iajrEmfha m%%Yakhl ms s; re i yd ,l Kq fïl%%shdj,sfha m laIlhdf.a mqoa.,noaO;dj n,mdk w;r jdia;úl iajNdjfha m%%Yakhla i ydtla ksjer† ms s; rla muKla ;sîu ksid th iïmQQr Kfhka mqoa., noaO;djfhka f;drfõ' tfiaum%%dfhda.sl m laIKhla ; ska ienE olaI;djh wkqj ,l Kq ysñ ùu o úfYaIs; h'fuu Wmfoia ix.%%yfhys II fldgfiys m%%Yak m;%% jHQQyh yd m%%Yak i yd ,l Kq ,nd fïwdldrh iu . uQQ,dlD;s m%%Yak we; ;a lr we;s w;r tu m%%Yak wh ïlrejka yg úNd.fha ,sÅ;j ms s; re iemhSug ,nd fkdfok w;r udr .; l%%uhg (online) ms s; re iemhsh hq; h'fuu úNd.h m%%Yak m;%% follska iukaú; jk w;r m uq m%%Yak m;%%h jrK y;rlska hq;anyqjrK m%%Yak y; sylska iukaú; jk w;r udr .; l%%uhg (online) ksjer† ms s; r i,l Kql hq; h'tfiau II m%%Yak m;%%h m%%dfhda.sl m%%Yak y;lska iukaú; jk w;r ishÆu m%%Yakj,gudr .; l%%uhg (online) ms s; re iemhsh hq; h'2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-4-
idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIKhm%Yak m;% jHQQyhI m;%h -II m;%hjrK 4 ne.ska jQQ nyqjrK m%%Yak 40ls' m%%Yak ish,a,gu ms s; re iemhsh hq; h'tla m%%Yakhlg ,l Kq 1 ne.ska uqΩ ,l Kq 40ls'fuu m%Yak m;%h m%%dfhda.sl m%%Yak y;lska hqla; h' m%%Yak ish,a,g u ms s; reiemhsh hq; h' fuu II jk m%%Yka m;%%h i yd uqΩ ,l Kq 60ls'tu m%%Yak y; my; ioyka fÈa;% y; wdjrKh jk m † fõ'fjka lrk ,o ,l Kq1. fufyhqï moaO;s (operating systems)62. joka ieliqï (word processing) 123. me; reïm;a (spreadsheets) 124. o;a; iuqodh l uKdlrKh (database management)65. iur mK (presentations) 66. wka;r cd,h úoHq;a ;emE,& (Internet - email)67. fjí ixjr Ok Ys,aml%%u (web development techniques) 1260I iy II m%%Yak m;%% fol i ydu meh ; kl ld,hla ,efí'wjidk ,l K .Kkh ls u (I m;%hII m;%hwjidk ,l K 4060100ie'hq' ( isiqka fj; m%%Yakm;%% udr .; l%%uhg ,nd fokq we;'2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-5-
idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIKhI m;%h1. . ;uh fufyhqï lrkafka m .Klfha ljr fldgila (component) u .ska o@(1) uOH ieliqï tallh(2) m%O% dk u;lh(3) wdodk tallh(4) oaú;Shl wdpdhk tallh2.wdodk Wml%%uhla iy m%%;sodk Wml%%uhla hk folu i yd Ndú; l yelafla"(1) pqïNl ;Sk;a wkq,l Kq lshjkhl h (MICR)(2) u;l ldâm;l h (memoy card)(3) iamr Y mEvhl h (touch pad)(4) iamr Y ;srhl h (touch screen)3.m .Klhl we;s f.dkqjl m%%rEmh (file type) y kd .ekSug Wmld jkafka"(1) f.dkq †. j hs'(2) f.dkq kduh hs'(3) f.dkqj wvx. jk fµda,avrh hs'(4) f.dkqj wvx. jk Wm fµda,avrh hs'4.moaO;s uD ldx. (system software) muKla we; ;a jrKh f;darkak'(1) o;a; iuqodh l ukdlrK moaO;sh" fufyhqï moaO;sh yd me; reïm;a uD ldx.(2) fufyhqï moaO;sh" Wmfhda.;s d uD ldx. yd Wml%u% Odjlh (device driver)(3) iur mK uD ldx." Wml%u% Odjlh yd Ñ;%l% uD ldx.(4) joka ilikh" fjí w; laijq yd me; reïm;a uD ldx.5.uOHu ieliqï tallfhys wka;r .; tall jkafka"(1) md,k tallh" wxl .Ks; yd ;r lk tallh fõ'(2) md,k tallh" wxl .Ks; yd ;r lk tallh" wdodk tallh fõ'(3) md,k tallh" u;l tallh" m%;% os dk tallh fõ'(4) m%;% os dk tallh" wxl .Ks; yd ;r lk tallh" u;l tallh fõ'6.Wml%u yeisrùu i yd fufyhqï moaO;sh u.ska Ndú; flfrk uD ldx. y kajkafka l uk kulska o@(1) fh ï uD ldx. (application software)(2) m%%;sjhsri uD ldx. (antivirus software)(3) Wml%%u uD ldx. (device drivers)(4) oafõI uD ldx. (malware)7.my; oelafjk wjia:d i,lkak'A – oDvdx. iy m YS,l w;r w; re uqyqK;la fia l%shd ls uB – m%ia;dr ksr udK ls uC – u;lh (memory) l uKdlrKh ls ufufyhqï moaO;shl l%shdj,s jkafka by; i yka wjia:dj,ska"(1) A mu (2) A iy B mu (3) A iy C mu (4) B iy C mu 2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-6-
8.GIMP uD ldx.h tla;rd isifq jl g ;j rg;A wjYH fkdjk ksid th m .Klfhka uqΩukskua bj;al hq; hehs Tyq l,amkd lrhs' fuu wruqK bgqlr .ekSu i yd fufyhqï moaO;sfhys ljr wx.hNdú; l hq; jkafka o@(1) Add/remove program(2) ;eá m%%;s-LKavlh (disk defragmenter)(3) Snipping fuj,u(4) Windows Explorer9.my; m%%ldY i,lkak'A – m .Klhl ldr hlaIu;djh jeä l yels tla l%%uhla jkafka fufyhqï moaO;sfha we;s diskcleanup Wmfhda.S;djh Ndú; ls uhs'B – tl †.g .nvd jk fia f.dkq kej; ieliSu ;eá m%%;sLKavkh (disk defragmentation) f,iye kafõ'by; m%%ldYhkays"(1) A muKla i;H fõ'(2) B muKla i;H fõ'(3) A yd B m%%ldY folu i;H fõ'(4) A yd B m%%ldY folu wi;H fõ'10. m .Kl moaO;shl uQ,Q ls ixrplhla fkdjkafka my; l ula o@(1) wdodk Wml%u% h(2) „jdx.(3) m%;% os dk Wml%u% h(4) uOH ieliqï tallh (CPU)11. my; lafjk m%%ldY i,lkak'A – Ñ;%%l m YS,l w; re uqyqK; (Graphical User Interface), úOdk fma s w; re uqyqK;g(Command Line Interface) jvd m YS,l ñ;%%YS,S fõ'B – úOdk fma s w; re uqyqKf;ys úOdk u;l ;nd .ekSfï wjYH;dj Ñ;%%l m YS,l w; reuqyqKf;ys we;s ksrEml (icons) Ndú;fhka u. yrjd .; yel'by; m%%ldYhkays"(1) A yd B hk m%l% dY fol u i;H jk w;r B m%l% dYh u.ska A m%l% dYh ;yjqre ls ug fya;j la foa'(2) A yd B hk m%l% dY fol u i;H jk kuq;a A yd B m%%ldY w;r iïnkaO;djhla fkdue;'(3) A m%%ldYh i;H jk w;r B m%%ldYh wi;H fõ'(4) A m%%ldYh wi;H jk w;r B m%%ldYh i;H fõ'12. M,odhs f;dr; rej, . Kdx.hla fkdjkafka my; oelafjk l ula o@(1) ksrjoH;djh(2) úYd, m%udKhla mej;Su(3) wod, nj(4) úYajdikSh;ajh13. ia:dkSh m%%foaY cd, (LAN) yd mqΩ,a m%foaY cd, (WAN) f,i m .Kl cd, jr .SlrKh ls ug my;l uk idOlh Ndú; fõ o@(1) m .Kl w;r we;s r(2) m .Kl ixLHdj(3) l%%shdlrk fõ.h(4) m YS,l ixLHdj2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-7-
14.15.my; wjia:d i,lkak'A – f;dr; re yqjudre lr .ekSuB – iïm;a yjqf,a Ndú;hC – m .Kl i yd wdrlaIdjby; lreKq w; ka m .Kl cd,hl jdishla jdis jkafka fudkjd o@(1) A muKs(2) A yd B muKs(3) A yd C muKs(4) B yd C muKsmy; lafjk ikaksfõok udOH i,lkak'A – wfOdarla; (Infrared)B – m%%ldY ;ka; (Fiber optics)C – iudlaI /yeka (Coaxial cables)D – Èqø ;rx. (Micro wave)by; lafjk ikakfs õok udOHj,ska kshuq fkdjk udOH (unguided media) i yd WodyrK jkafka"(1) A yd B muKs(2) A yd D muKs(3) B yd C muKs(4) C yd D muKs16. tlu f.dvke.s,af,a we;s m .Kl cd, folla tlsfklg iïnkaO ls ug Ndú; l yelsWmlrKh l ula o@(1) fudvuh(2) cd, iaúph(3) udr . ldrlh (router)(4) m f,dalh (scanner)17. my; lreKq i,lkak'A – m .Kl Wmdx.hB – wka;r cd, fiajd iemhqïlre (ISP)C – fudvuhlaD – rl:k iïnkaO;djhwka;r cd,hg m%%fõY ùu i yd my; l uk ixfhdackh Ndú; l yelso@(1) A, B yd C muKs(2) A, B yd D muKs(3) B, C yd D muKs(4) A, B, C yd D hk ish,a,u h18. my; lreKq i,lkak'A – jeä fõ.hB – f.dkq yqjudre lr .ekSfï myiqjC – lSm fofkl g tlu ,smsh ,eîug ie,iSfï myiqjby; ,laIK w; rska idudkH ;emE, yd ii k úg úoHq;a ;emEf,a jdishla jdis jkafka"(1) A muKs(2) B muKs(3) A yd C muKs(4) A, B yd C hk ish,a,u h2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-8-
19. rpkd fp!r;ajh (plagiarism) i yd WodyrKhla jkafka(1) udr .;j f–ohla lshjd th ;ukaf.a jpkj,ska kej; ,sùu h'(2) fjk;a wfhl f.a f,aLkhla ;udf.a u f,aLkhla f,i b† m;a ls u h'(3) ;udf.a u jev u; mokï jQQ iur mKhla ksr udKh ls u h'(4) wka;r cd,fhka hula msgm;a lrf.k fhduq iys;j ;udf.a f,aLkhlg th fhdod .ekSu h'20.my; i yka fiajd i,lkak'A – há;, myiqlï fiajd (infrastructure as a service)B – fõ†ld fiajd (platform as a service)C – uD ldx. fiajd (software as a service)by; fiajd w; ka j d m .Kkfha (cloud computing) uQQ,sl fiajd jkafka"(1) A yd B muKs'(2) A yd C muKs'(3) B yd C muKs'(4) A, B yd C hk ish,a,u h'21. fok ,o 10112 , 11012 , 11102 hk oaúuh ixLHdjkays wdfrdayK ms sfj, l ula o@(1) 10112 , 11012, 11102(2) 11102 , 11012 , 10112(3) 11102 , 10112 , 11012(4) 11012 , 10112 , 1110222. úoHq;a ;eme,a .sKuq la újD; ls u i yd m YS,l kduh iy uqr moh hk fol u ksjer†j we; ;al hq; fõ'fuu wjYH;d ksrEmKh jkafka my; l uk ;r lk oajdrh oajdr u.ska o@(1) AND oajdrfhka muKs(2) NOT oajdrfhka muKs(3) OR oajdrfhka muKs(4) AND iy NOT hk oajdr foflkau23. ASCII fla; l%u% fha ‘E’ wkq,laIKh 69 oYuh ixLHdjg iudk oaúuh ixLHdfjka ksrEmKh fõ'my; oelafjk l uk oaúuh ixLHdfjka ASCII fla;fhys ‘B’ wkq,laIKh ksrEmKh fõ o@(1) 11000012(2) 10000102(3) 10010012(4) 1100100224. my; oelafjk i;H;d j. j i,lkak'A wdodkhB wdodkhm%%;sodkh001101010111by; oelafjk i;H;d j. j u.ska ksrEmKh jkafka l ula o@(1) AND oajdrh(2) NOT oajdrh(3) OR oajdrh(4) NOT (OR) oajdr ixfhdackh2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h-9-
25. wxl 971 iïnkaO j my; oelafjk l uk j.ka;sh i;H fõ o@(1) fuh oYuh ixLHdjla muKs'(2) fuh oaúuh fyda oYuh ixLHdjla fyda úh yels h'(3) fuh YâoYuh (hexadecimal) ixLHdjla muKs'(4) fuh oYuh fyda YâoYuh ixLHdjla fyda úh yels h'26. my; l uk i;H;d j. j u.ska X Y nQ,shdkq m%ldYh ksrEmKh fõ o@(1)XY X Y(3)001101010001XYX Y001101011011(2)(4)XYX Y001101010011XYX Y00110101110027. PdhdrEmhla ixialrKh ls u i yd fhdod .; yels jvd;a iq iq uD ldx.hla jkafka"(1) ,sífr Tµsia bïfm%%ia (Libre Office Impress) h'(2) wefvdaì bka äihska (Adobe InDesign) h'(3) wefvdaì b,iafÜ%%gr (Adobe Illustrator) h'(4) ,sífr Tµsia rhsgr (Libre Office Writer) h'28. ixLHdxl wkqrEmhl (digital image) ;;a;ajh (quality) my; l ula u; r d mj;S o@(1) tys úfNaokh (resolution)(2) oDV ;eáfha Od ;djh(3) m .Klfha u;l Od ;djh(4) ilik iamkaolfha (clock) fõ.h29. my; m%%ldY i,lkak'A – fr Ld m%xc wdf,aL (raster graphics) f.dkq mslai,j,ska iE we;'B – fr Ld m%xc wdf,aL (raster graphics) f.dkq m:j,ska iE we;'C – gif iy jpeg fr Ld m%xc wdf,aL f.dkqj,g WodyrK fõ'by; m%%ldY j,ska i;H jkafka"(1) A muKs'(2) A iy B muKs'(3) A iy C muKs'(4) B iy C muKs'2018 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk udr .; úNd. i yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK úNd.h- 10 -
30.“.gif, .jpeg, .bmp, .png” †. kdu iys; f.dkq m%jr .(1) Y%jH f.dkq fõ'(2) wkqrEm f.dkq fõ'(3) mdG f.dkq fõ'(4) oDYH f.dkq fõ'31.my; oelafjk m%ldY i,lkak'A – . re isiq fofldÜGdihgu bf.kqï l uKdlrK moaO;s (LMS) Ndú;d l, yels h'B – bf.kqï yd b.ekaùfï ls%hdj,s myiqfjka jeä †hqKq lr .ekSug bf.kqï l uKdlrKmoaO;s (LMS) Wmld fõ'C – kEu fõ,djl" kEu ia:dkhl isg bf.kqï l uKdlrK moaO;shg (LMS) m%fõY úh yels h'by; i yka m%ldYj,ska i;H jkafka"(1) A iy B muKs(2) A iy C muKs(3) B iy C muKs(4) A, B iy C hk ish,a,u h32. my; m%%ldY i,lkak'A – udr .; idmamq ijd h (online shopping) idudkH idmamq hdug jvd myiq h'B – udr .; idmamq ijd fha (online shopping) ojfiys kEu fj,djl weKjqï l yels h'C – udr .; idmamq ijd fha (online shopping) Ndrfok ,o NdKav weKjqï l NdKavh ufkdúh yelsh'by; i yka m%%ldY w; ka ksjer† jkafka"(1) A iy B mu (2) A iy C mu (3) B iy C mu (4) A, B iy C ish,a,u h33. wka;r cd,h iy f,dal úis úhuk (WWW) ms sn my; ljrla i;H fõ o@(1) wka;r cd,h f,dal úis úhufkys fiajdjls'(2) wka;r cd,h iy f,dal úis úhuk hk fol tl u fohla fõ'(3) f,dal úis úhuk wka;r cd,fha fiajdjls'(4) wka;r cd,h iy f,dal úis úhuk w;r iïnkaO;djla fkdue;'34. iajhxl%Sh fg,r hka;%hlska (ATM) uqo,a .ekSug wod j my; oelafjk oE i,lkak'A – ATM ldâm; yd ryia wxlh we; ;a ls uB – uqo,a" isÜm;C – m%%udKj;a uqo,la ;sfí oehs m laId ls uby; l%%shdj,s w; ka wdodkh" ieliSu yd m%;sodkh wkqms sfj,ska"(1) A, B iy C fõ'(2) A, C iy B fõ'(3) B, A iy C fõ'(4) C, A iy B fõ'2018
- 1 - iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii2018ishiÆ uysñliyïlïwuel iú 'QQwi,H Qiskh iyq.u iywqil%Nhdih iúNf acwriyq.u imis ú %iew wK ïiw auvWi,H Qdi I fldgi idudkH f;dr; re ;dlaIK (GIT) úNd.h 1. úNd.h yd iïnkaO fmd f;dr; re 1.1 ye skaùu YS% ,dxlsh mdi,a orejkaf.a m .Kl idCIr;dj jeä †hqKq ls fï mshjrla jYfhka
3' 11 fYa%Ksh wjidkfha YsIHYsIHdjka idudkH fm úNd.hg mq yqKq ls Íu i oyd ieliQ m% Yak m;% 07 la wvx. fmd; 4' YsIHhka bf.k .;a lr eKq ;yjqre lr .ekS u yd úNd.hg mq reÿ ùu i oyd ilia l m% Yak wvx. whs;u nexl j 5' 10 fYa%Ksh wjidk
1 P a g e wOHdmk wud;HdxYh Y%S ,xld Wiia ;dCIK wOHdmk wdh;kh (SLIATE) 2021 wOHhk jrAIh izyd Wiia ;dlaIK wdh;kj,g isiqka nzjd .ekSu 2020 jrAIfha fyda Bg fmr w'fmd'i' Wiia fm ëNd.h idrA:l f,i iàmQrAK l wh àlrejkaf.ka Y S
2 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. already through with his part of the work (picking up chips), for he was a quiet boy, and had no adventurous, troublesome ways. While Tom was eating his supper, and stealing sugar as opportunity offered, Aunt Polly asked him questions that were full of guile, and very deep for she wanted to trap him into damaging revealments. Like many other simple-hearted souls .
Zoo Animal Nutrition III (2006) was edited by A. Fidgett, M. Clauss, K. Eulenberger, J.-M. Hatt, I. Hume, G. Janssens, J. Nijboer. Filander Verlag, Fürth ISBN-10: 3-930831-57-0 ISBN-13: 978-3-930831-57-9 To obtain a copy of the book, contact Filander Verlag at info@filander.de BIRDS Schoemaker, N.J. Some diet-related problems seen in birds 1 Ghysels, P. Transferring birds to pellet feeding 1 .
ASTM A 6/A 6M ASTM A153/A 153M ASTM A 325 (A 325M) ASTM A 490 (A490M) ASTM A 919 ASTM F 568M Class 4.6 . Section 501—Steel Structures Page 2 501.1.03 Submittals A. Pre-Inspection Documentation Furnish documentation required by the latest ANSI/AASHTO/AWS D 1.5 under radiographic, ultrasonic, and magnetic particle testing and reporting to the State’s inspector before the quality assurance .
12/10/2007 Noorlaily F/ IMAN/Matrikulasi 5 Assets Liabilities & Equity Current assets Current Liabilities Fixed assets Long-term debt Preferred Stock Common Equity The financing decision Gambar I.2 Keputusan Pembelanjaan C. Kedudukan Manajer Keuangan Dalam Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan Di dalam perusahaan yang besar bidang keuangan dipimpin oleh seorang manajer keuangan (chief funancial .
BIOLOGY PREAMBLE This is an examination syllabus drawn up from the curricula of the member countries of the West African Examinations Council. It should be used alongside the appropriate teaching syllabus(es) of the country where the candidates are domiciled. This examination syllabus is divided into three sections: Sections A, B and C. Section A is for all candidates, Section B is for .
Japan 22 Addy Hart; Partner: Asami 22 Avery Walcher; Partner: Shota 23 New Zealand: Avery Walcher; Partner: Dan 25 Arapaho, Wyoming 25. 4 Fall 2016 University of Wyoming LANG 1101 SLCE Funded There are lots of tropical foods in Colombia, and Angela said they are really refreshing to eat. A lot of
