Red Scare 1950s Crusade To Find Communists Or Those From .

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2nd Red Scare – 1950sCrusade to find communists or those from thepolitical left“Threat to our liberties and to our faith”Fear tactics, loyalty programs, backgroundchecksAccused blacklisted – names listed, passedamong employers

How to Spot a Communist - YouTube

“Dot” activityRed Scare activity.pdf

HUAC – House on Un-American ActivitiesCommittee – committee in Congress toinvestigate suspected CommunistsOctober, 1947 – 19 Hollywood figures testify“Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of theCommunist Party?”10 refused to answer – Hollywood Ten

Jailed for contempt 6mos-1 yr

Joseph McCarthy – (R) Senator WisconsinUp for reelection; claimed he had a list of205 known communists working in USState Dept (eventually, list was 57)List never shared, no proofLOTS of media attention

McCarthyism - publicizing accusations ofpolitical disloyalty with little to no evidence(1950-1954)Accused high ranking officials DeanAcheson and George MarshallLost power/popularity when accused armyofficials

“ involved in a conspiracy so immense andan infamy so black as to dwarf any suchprevious venture in the history ofmankind.” – McCarthy [on Acheson]“ pompous diplomat in striped pants” –McCarthy [on George Marshall]

"Until this moment, Senator, I think I neverreally gauged your cruelty or yourrecklessness You have done enough. Haveyou no sense of decency?“- Army lawyer Joseph Welch [to McCarthy]

What should our country’s leaders bemore focused on protecting – securityof the nation or freedom of thenation’s people? Should this change?Should it remain the same? Why?

Alger Hiss – government official accused ofespionage in 1948-worked within New Deal, Yalta Conference, plans for UNAccused by Whittaker Chambers – formerCommunist Party member. Claimed Hiss passedhim papers to go to USSRFrench intel, Soviet defector, confirmed Sovietagent – all claim high ranking governmentofficial passed government documents

Venona papers – codename Ales for Sovietagent in State Dept who went to Yalta andMoscowPumpkin Papers – Chambers’ papersproved connection to HissHiss convicted of perjury (lying under oath)at 2nd trial – served 44 months

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg – accused ofpassing atomic secrets to USSR – 1950David Greenglass – Ethel’s brother,confessed to espionage, claimedRosenbergs were involvedMaintained innocence until death – 1953electric chair

“Immeasurably increasing the chances ofatomic war, the Rosenberg’s may havecondemned to death tens of millions ofinnocent people all over the world. Theexecution of 2 human beings is a gravematter. But even graver is the thought ofthe millions of deaths may be directlyattributable to what these spies havedone.”– President Eisenhower

Red Scare political cartoons

Korean War (June 1950-July 1953)Japan controlled Korea – after WW2, Koreadivided at 38th parallelUSSR - North KoreaUS – South KoreaJune 25, 1950 – N. Korea invaded S. Korea

UN and US sends troops – Truman appoints GeneralDouglas MacArthur supreme commanderNorth winning – Sept 15th UN landed at Inchon anddrove NK outOct 19 – NK capital Pyongyang captured – drove NK toChinese borderNovember – Chinese Communists aid NK – drove UNback, captured Seoul (SK capital)Months of fighting – focused on 38th parallel

MacArthur wanted to use atomic bomb inChina and publically criticized US - Fired byTrumanArmistice – cease fireSigned July 27, 1953US – 54,000 dead 103,000 wounded

Red Scare political cartoons . Korean War (June 1950-July 1953) Japan controlled Korea – after WW2, Korea divided at 38th parallel USSR - North Korea US – South Korea June 25, 1950 – N. Korea invaded S. Korea . UN and US sends troops – Truman appoints General

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