European Aviation Safety Agency Opinion No 10/2016

European Aviation Safety AgencyOpinion No 10/2016Performance-based navigation implementation in theEuropean air traffic management networkRELATED NPA/CRD 2015-01 — RMT.0639 — 28.7.2016EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis Opinion addresses safety, interoperability, proportionality and coordination issues related to the implementationof performance-based navigation (PBN) within the European airspace.The specific objective is to ensure a safe, efficient and harmonised implementation of specific International CivilAviation Organization (ICAO)’s PBN specifications and functionalities in the European air traffic management network(EATMN). The proposal extends the PBN implementation requirements beyond the 24 EU high-density terminalmanoeuvring areas (TMAs), as required by Regulation (EU) No 716/2014 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Pilot CommonProject Regulation’), and mitigates the risks associated with a non-harmonised implementation, thus ensuring asmooth transition to PBN operations.This Opinion includes a proposal that air navigation service providers (ANSPs) and aerodrome operators implement:—PBN approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) that conform to the requirements of the RNP approachspecification (RNP APCH) at all instrument runway ends (IREs) which are not served by precision approachprocedures before 30 January 2020;—PBN standard instrument departure (SID)/standard instrument arrival (STAR) and air traffic service (ATS) routesas required to meet locally defined performance objectives that conform to the RNAV 1 specification or theRNP1 specification including the use of additional functionalities, as of 6 December 2018;—PBN requirements for the transition between the en route network and the SIDs/STARs to be consistent withthe SIDs/STARs served; and—PBN requirements in support of rotorcraft operations in conformity with the RNP 0.3 specification.Aircraft operators wishing to operate along these routes and procedures will be required to ensure that their aircraftand flight crew are qualified for the required PBN operations.The proposed changes are expected to improve safety, ensure a harmonised implementation of PBN operations thatare consistent with the ATM Functionality AF 1 — ‘Extended AMAN and PBN in high density TMAs’ of the Pilot CommonProject Regulation and support the implementation of the European Air Traffic Management Master Plan.ApplicabilityAffectedregulationsand decisions:Regulation (EU) No 1332/2011;Regulation(EU) No 965/2012Affectedstakeholders:Member States; ATM/ANS providers;aerodrome ; CommissionImplementing Regulation (EU)No 716/2014).Reference:European Commission PBN mandateMOVE E2/EMM D(2011) (6.4.2011).Process mapTems of reference (ToR):Concept paper:Rulemaking group:RIA type:Technical consultationduring NPA drafting:Publication date of the NPA:Duration of NPA consultation:Review group:Focused consultation:Publication date of the Decision:25.6.2014NoNoFullNo19.1.20153 monthsNoYes2017/Q1TE.RPRO.00036-003 European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified.Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet.An agency of the European UnionPage 1 of 19

European Aviation Safety AgencyOpinion No 10/2016Table of contentsTable of contents1.Procedural information . 31.1.The rule development procedure.31.2.The structure of this Opinion and related documents .31.3.The next steps in the procedure.42. Explanatory note . 52.1.Issues to be addressed .52.2.Objectives .62.3.Outcome of the consultation .6General .62.3.1.2.3.2.Response to the major concerns identified.82.4.Summary of the regulatory impact assessment (RIA) .102.4.1.Impact analysis .112.5.Overview of the proposed amendments .122.5.1.Regulatory framework .122.5.2.Selection of the particular PBN requirements.132.6.Regulation text .132.6.1.Article 1 — Subject matter and scope .132.6.2.Article 2 — Definitions.132.6.3.Article 5 — Entry into force .142.6.4.Part-AUR, SUBPART ACAS .142.6.5.Part-AUR, SUBPART PBN.143. Comparison with other regions. 183.1.US PBN implementation .183.2.Australian PBN implementation .183.3.Summary of regional implementation .184. References . 194.1.Affected regulations .194.2.Related decisions .194.3.Reference documents.19TE.RPRO.00036-003 European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified.Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet.An agency of the European UnionPage 2 of 19

European Aviation Safety Agency1.Procedural information1.1.The rule development procedureOpinion No 10/20161. Procedural informationThe European Aviation Safety Agency (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Agency’) developed this Opinionin line with Regulation (EC) No 216/20081 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Basic Regulation’) and theRulemaking Procedure2.This rulemaking activity, RMT.0639, is included in the Agency’s Rulemaking Programme for 2016-20203.The scope and timescales of the task were defined in the related Terms of Reference.The draft text of this Opinion has been developed by the Agency. All interested parties were consultedthrough NPA 2015-014. 720 comments were received from interested parties, including industry andnational aviation authorities (NAAs).The Agency has addressed and responded to the comments received on the NPA. The commentsreceived and the Agency’s responses thereto are presented in Comment-Response Document (CRD)2015-015, published concurrently with this Opinion.The final text of this Opinion has been developed by the Agency with the aid of focused consultationswith specific stakeholders.The process map on the title page summarises the major milestones of this rulemaking activity.1.2.The structure of this Opinion and related documentsChapter 1 of this Opinion contains the procedural information related to this task. Chapter 2,‘Explanatory Note’, explains the proposed regulatory provisions, regulatory framework and describesthe issues to be addressed. The outcome of the consultation is addressed in Chapter 3. The draftregulations proposed by the Agency are published as annexes to this Opinion and can be found on theAgency’s website6.123456Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field ofcivil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC,Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC (OJ L 79, 19.3.2008, p. 1) (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?qid 1464170711619&uri CELEX:32008R0216).The Agency is bound to follow a structured rulemaking process as required by Article 52(1) of the Basic Regulation. Such a processhas been adopted by the Agency’s Management Board (MB) and is referred to as the ‘Rulemaking Procedure’.See MB Decision No 18-2015 of 15 December 2015 replacing Decision 01/2012 concerning the procedure to be RMP%202016-2020%20v6%2020151210.pdfIn accordance with Article 52 of the Basic Regulation and Articles 6(3) and 7 of the Rulemaking u/document-library/opinionsTE.RPRO.00036-003 European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified.Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet.An agency of the European UnionPage 3 of 19

European Aviation Safety Agency1.3.Opinion No 10/20161. Procedural informationThe next steps in the procedureThis Opinion proposes the repeal of Regulation (EU) No 1332/20117 and the amendment of Regulation(EU) No 965/20128 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Air OPS Regulation’) resulting from the repeal. It isaddressed to the European Commission to be used as a technical basis to prepare a legislativeproposal.The decision amending ED Decision 2012/002/R9, containing the related acceptable means ofcompliance (AMC) and guidance material (GM) will be published by the Agency when the relatedregulations are adopted by the European Commission.789Commission Regulation (EU) No 1332/2011 of 16 December 2011 laying down common airspace usage requirementsand operating procedures for airborne collision avoidance (OJ L 336, 20.12.2011, p. 20) (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?qid 1464703333021&uri CELEX:32011R1332).Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 of 5 October 2012 laying down technical requirements and administrative proceduresrelated to air operations pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council(OJ L 296, 25.10.2012, p. 1) d 1464703399540&uri CELEX:32012R0965).Decision 2012/002/R of the Executive Director of the Agency of 8 March 2012 on the Acceptable Means of Compliance andGuidance Material for Common Airspace Usage Requirements and Operating Procedures ‘AMC/GM to ED%20Decision%202012-002-R.pdf).TE.RPRO.00036-003 European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified.Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet.An agency of the European UnionPage 4 of 19

European Aviation Safety Agency2.Explanatory note2.1.Issues to be addressedOpinion No 10/20162. Explanatory noteThe main issues addressed by the draft regulations proposed in this Opinion are the following:—An efficiency/economic issueThe continued growth of aviation places increasing demands on the effective and efficient use of theavailable airspace, thus emphasising the need for its optimum utilisation. Improved operationalefficiency and airspace utilisation, derived from the application of PBN, has been demonstrated tobring capacity benefits through the optimisation of ATS routes and approach procedures. PBN istherefore one of the underpinning operational concepts required to improve the efficiency and safetyof European aviation operations and is being implemented worldwide as part of the ICAO Global AirNavigation Plan (GANP).PBN offers a number of advantages over the conventional sensor-specific methods for thedevelopment and operations of routes and approach procedures. For instance, PBN:(a)reduces the need to maintain sensor-specific routes and procedures, and their associated costs;(b)avoids the need for the development of sensor-specific operations. The expansion of globalnavigation satellite systems (GNSS) is expected to contribute to the continued implementationof PBN operations. The original basic GNSS equipment is evolving due to the development ofaugmentations such as the satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS);(c)allows for a more efficient use of the airspace (route placement, fuel efficiency, noiseabatement, etc.), in particular in the terminal areas; and(d)improves safety due to greater navigational accuracy and associated obstacle clearance.—Harmonisation issueIn order to ensure an efficient, harmonised and safe implementation of PBN in Europe, that enables aperformance improvement of the EATMN, the harmonised use of particular PBN specifications andfunctionalities is critical.Each Member State, ATM/ANS provider or aerodrome operator implementing airspace/proceduredesign on the basis of a PBN specification or functionality of their choice would lead to a fragmented,disharmonised, inefficient and unsafe PBN implementation in the European airspace. It is thereforenecessary to harmonise the PBN implementation in Europe by reducing/limiting the number of optionsthat may be applied.—ICAO alignmentICAO Assembly Resolution 37-11 calls for an ‘implementation of approach procedures with verticalguidance (APV) (Baro-VNAV and/or augmented GNSS), including LNAV-only minima, for all instrumentrunway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back-up for precision approaches [ ]’.TE.RPRO.00036-003 European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified.Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet.An agency of the European UnionPage 5 of 19