SWAT Dog Performance Objectives - DPS
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training ManualSWAT Dog Performance ObjectivesThese Performance Objectives are based on a Reality-Based training format, in order tooptimize training efficiency and also to provide the most realistic training environmentpossible, within the current time/logistical constraints.These guidelines also areconsistent with internationally-accepted performance standards for SWAT Dogs.The skills outlined in these Performance Objectives are considered important for theseasoned/veteran SWAT Dog. However, if an Agency or Handler does not perceive the needfor all 11 scenario skill-sets, certification by individual scenario is available.General Information1.The skills favorable for successful deployment of a SWAT Dog are recognized withinthe below-listed categories. The Dog can be successfully trained to an appropriateskill level by a qualified SWAT Dog Handler under the guidance of a qualified SWATDog Instructor. The competency can then be evaluated and declared by a qualifiedSWAT Dog Judge.2.A SWAT Dog is intended to supplement or enhance Tactical Team personnel insituations wherein the abilities of a Dog may be useful. The utilization of a SWATDog must never compromise the integrity of an operation. The application of sucha Dog must conform with the philosophy, "The Dog adapts to the Team, not the Teamto the Dog." Consideration of deploying a SWAT Dog in a high intensity situationmust be sanctioned accordingly.3.These exercises cover a limited number of tactical applications. No single exerciseis intended to be a resolution in and of itself. Any combination of behaviors maybe used according to tactical need.4.Due to the unique and meticulous training associated with a SWAT Dog, Handlers maychoose to concentrate on one skill category at a time. Accordingly, certificationmay also be conducted one category at a time.5.The SWAT Dog evaluation shall be concluded within a reasonable length of time afterit is begun. Most evaluations may be concluded within 24 hours, however, climateconditions, injuries, etc. may cause delays. This is to establish that the Dog'smental and physical endurance are sufficient to withstand the rigors of activeservice.6.A certification is an official police function.Accordingly, official uniformsRevised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only24
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training Manualshall be worn by any Handler presenting a Dog for an examination. Handlers areexpected to display appropriate tactical skills during the course of theexamination. All collars, harness, etc. worn by the dog shall be approved by theJudge prior to an examination.7.In the event a Handler or Dog does not exhibit suitable skill during an examination,no certification shall be issued at that time. A re-take of certain elements maybe permitted, at the Judge’s discretion. If elements are re-taken, they must beexamined within the “reasonable-time” constraint. The entire examination may be retaken if desired, after a period of time to be established by the respective Judgeor Agency.8.No portion of these performance objectives should be construed to suggest arestriction against participating in other types of Dog Trials, so long as the eventcarries significant benefit to the Dog’s official function.Handlers shouldexercise caution when determining whether or not to participate in such Trials.Handlers should seek competent input from administrators or other experiencedHandlers or Trainers as to the degree of benefit versus the risk.9.In the interest of equity for all certificants, the following should be ensuredduring an examination:1.All scenarios are deployed within a reasonable time frame;2.All simulated suspects utilized in the scenarios are foreign to the Dog.10.Voice commands, hand signals, or other discreet forms of communications arepermitted. Repeating a command or a signal is permitted only if it is evident theDog did not hear or see it or if it is integral to the exercise. The Judge shalldetermine the appropriateness of the action. Commands or signals other than thosedeclared as official shall be considered Handler Help. Excessively loud commands,objects, and food used as motivations are not professional and are not allowed. TheDog should respond to commands in a professional manner.11.The Handler shall act in a professional manner at all times during the examination.Questions and clarifications may be directed to the SWAT Dog Judge at anyappropriate time.12.The SWAT Dog Judge shall issue a weapon (pistol, knife, etc.) to the simulatedsuspect in at least one of the apprehension scenarios being resolved. The weaponshall be carried such that it can be discovered only by a careful frisk.TheHandler is expected to find all weapons thus assigned and failure to do so shall begrounds for withholding the certification from the Handler.13.The SWAT Dog Handler and Dog form an operational team. Therefore, a Dog is to beexamined with the respective Handler it is to be deployed with.14.The SWAT Dog must achieve an overall skill rating of at least “Suitable” in thescenarios challenged to be declared serviceable.For agencies that employ aPass/Fail evaluation standard, a Pass is required for the previous constraint.Additionally, the Dog must also achieve a skill level rating of “Suitable” or “Pass”in each of the following critical behaviors, respective to the individual scenariobeing tested:1.Detaining a submissive person;2.Subduing a furtive, hostile or fleeing person;3.Releasing a person on command;4.Indicating the presence of a person;Revised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only25
Utah POST Service Dog Program5.Disengaging upon command;6.Over-ride Command;7.Tactical Release; and/or8.Emergency Release.SWAT Dog Training ManualThe SWAT Dog must achieve a skill rating of “Pass” in the following skills, whichare evaluated on a Pass-Fail basis:15.9.Sociability;10.Gunfire; and11.Pain Tolerance.Definitions of Behavior.1.Heel:The Dogshall accompany theHandlerwillinglyandattentively,keeping its shoulder in line with theHandler’s torso.Forging or lagging,wide or crowding behavior is faulty.Only at a change of pace may the Handlerissue an additional command or signal.The normal and fast paces shall bedistinctlydifferent.PoliceDogheeling is not competition heeling. Ifthe Dog is attentive to its environmentwhile heeling, this is desirable.Arobotic focus on the Handler is notoptimal.2.Sit:If the Handler halts, the Dogshall, without command or signal, sitimmediately in the Heel position. TheHandler shall not move in order to favorthe Dog’s position, but rather, the Dogshall position itself according to theHandler. This behavior is important sothat the Handler does not have to worrywhat the Dog is doing if s/he stopsduring team movement or stops to talk toanother Officer or person. Assuming asit position causes the Dog to feelcontrolled and less likely to move abouton its own.Revised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only26
Utah POST Service Dog Program3.Down:If the Handler commands orsignals the Dog to Down, it shall complyimmediately.If this occurs duringHeeling, the Dog shall lie parallel tothe Handler. If this occurs during anapprehensiontaski.e.,Detaining,Pursuit, etc., the Dog shall lie facingthe relevant person. The down postureis the most controlled of all thepositions a Dog may be commanded toassume. It is also the most submissiveof all postures.4.Recall: If the Handler Recalls the Dog,it shall respond immediately and run attop speed to the Handler. Either the“Front”orthe“Heel/Finish”isprescribed for a Recall, depending onthe verbal/silent command given by theHandler.The Recall is a criticalbehavior, as it is one of the major waysto control a Dog that has acquired awrong target ID or has misinterpretedthe Handler’s intention.5.Jump/Climb: If the Handler commands orsignals the Dog to jump/climb anobstacle, it should respond immediately.When the Dog is exiting an obstacle ithas had to climb, it should also attemptto climb down, rather than just jumpoff. This is to diminish the risk of ashoulder injury. A Dog’s shoulders arenot in a joint or socket, and are heldto the rib cage only be sinew.Continued jumping has a cumulativeeffect which damages the integrity ofthe connective tissue and the shouldersmay become irreparably damaged.Thepractice of having Dog’s jump offobstacles 6'-10' high, as in years past,should be avoided as much as possible.SWAT Dog Training ManualRevised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only27
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training Manual6.Stand in Place: If the Handler commandsor signals the Dog to stand in place(lifted over a fence, remain in car, vetinspection, etc.), it should respondimmediately.7.Behavior in Public:If the Handlerwalks through a group of people, the Dogshould remain at Heel - neutral andsafe. Touching or sniffing a person isfaulty.The Handler shall ensuresufficient space between the Dog andothers. This neutral and safe demeanorshall be maintained, even if the Handlerspeaks or a person speaks to theHandler.Theminimumacceptablestandard for a Patrol Dog is to actneutral in a neutral environment, it isnot mandatory that the Handler permitspetting or socializing . as that isaccording to Departmental or HandlerPolicy/Procedure/Practice.Any otherrequirement beyond “neutral in a neutral environment” exceeds the minimumprofessional standard of acceptable behavior.8.Surveillance: If the Handler assumes aSurveillance position with the Dog, theprescribed posture shall be a kneelingHandler beside a sitting Dog or a proneHandler beside a downed dog, whicheverisappropriate.Forexaminationpurposes, the Handler may hold the Dogby the collar.The Dog shall beattentivetotheterrainbeingsurveilled and shall remain quiet andattentive, even if the Handler addressesa person.Revised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only28
Utah POST Service Dog Program9.SWAT Dog Training ManualPursuit:IftheHandlercommandsorsignalstheDog to Pursuea person, theDogshallr e s p o n dimmediately byrunning at topspeed.10.SuspectSearch:IftheHandlerinitiates a Suspect Search, s/he shallbegin it from the Heel position and offleash.The Dog shall search ascommanded or signaled, purposefully,intensely, and systematically.Thecommand or signal may be issued togetherwith the name of the Dog. The Handlermay give additional commands or signalsas the Dog is directed to each newquadrant of the search area.11.Pinpointing(aka Finding):If a SWAT Dogis deployed ona search for apersonorc r i m i n a levidence,itshall do so asdescribedherein. If itperceives odorfrom a person or evidence, it shall immediately pinpoint the source of theodor.Pinpointing differs from Searching in that it is evaluated asindependent behavior manifested by the Dog, whereas Searching is a Handlercontrolled behavior.Revised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only29
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training Manual12.Suspect Indication: In note very case isa SWAT Dog commanded to engage a suspectwhen one is encountered. If no “override” command has been given, a SWAT Dogmay merely Indicate a person’s presence.In this case, if a SWAT Dog locates apassive,submissiveorinaccesiblesuspect while searching, it shallrespond by immediately and persistentlybarking to advise the Handler of theexact location. The barking should givethe impression that the Dog is callingfor backup (Handler) and not that theDog is attempting to induce the suspectto move, flinch, or flush the suspectout of his/her location.13.Detaining a Passive Person: If a SWATDog has been given a general searchcommand (not an over-ride command) andthen locates a passive person, it shallimmediately, intensely, and persistentlyholdthepersonwithoutphysicalcontact. The Dog may assume a postureofsitting,standing,downingorcircling to aid in the task.ADetaining SWAT Dog shall not invade thepassive person’s body space.Optimaldistance is 3-6 feet. Should the DogDetain from behind the suspect’s hidingplace or circle the entire location,this is not faulty.For evaluationpurposes, if a muzzled Detaining Dogbumps a passive person with the muzzleit shall be assumed to have bitten.Further, if an unmuzzled Dog bites a passive person, it is considered anescalation of force initiated by the dog.14.Richey Technique: A Handler may opt tostrategicallyomitanofficialannouncement prior to deploying a SWATDog to deal with a suspect. This mightoccur if the Handler perceives that theannouncement may, of itself, create asubstantial risk to the Handler and/orothers, or the announcement may createan opportunity for a high-threat-levelsuspect to evade capture. In this case,noannouncementisgivenbeforedeployment and the dog assumes aRelease/Guard posture at the moment theHandler issues lawful orders to thesuspect. This technique is named afterJon Richey of the Salt Lake City, Utahwho perfected its training/deployment process.A proper Richey Technique is as follows. The Handler quietly keys the Dog onthe suspect. Without an announcement, s/he deploys the Dog. The Dog runs attop speed toward the suspect.As the Dog approaches to about 30 feetdistance, the Handler yells out a lawful order, such as “Police! Stay Still!”Revised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only30
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training ManualThe Dog closes to within about 3-6 feet and goes into a Release/Guard posture.15.Over-rideCommandor“ D i a lTechnique”: ASWATDogtrainedtoDetainorGuardap a s s i v esuspect holdsand restrictsthatpersonw i t h o u tphysical contact. Refer to Detaining and Guarding. A Dog lacks the mentalfaculties to recognize a slow yet furtive movement and normally does not thenEngage, even though it may be appropriate to do so. A Handler, however, mayrecognize a slow movement as being furtive and may decide to have the DogEngage the suspect. This may also be described as an “Override” command fora Detaining or Guarding Patrol Dog. The override command is also beneficialwhen the Handler decides to have a pursuing Dog automatically Engage asuspect, even if motionless. This technique is named after Wayne Dial of theSalt Lake City, Utah who perfected its training process.A proper Dial Technique is as follows. The Dog is Pursuing, Detaining, orGuarding when the Handler issues the override command. If Pursuing, the DogEngages without hesitation as it approaches; if Detaining or Guarding, the DogEngages immediately upon hearing the command. This command overrides anyother trained behavior and causes the Dog to Engage.16.Subduing a Fleeing Person:If a SWAT Dogengages a fleeing person while searching orpursuing, it shall exhibit considerable paincompliancethroughbitingtosubdue.Considerable combat behavior should enhancethe pain compliance. If the Dog is muzzled,as in training or certification, intensebumping and wrestling should be evident.Revised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only31
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training Manual17.Subduing a Hostile Person:If a SWAT Dogengages a hostile person while searching orpursuing, it shall exhibit considerable paincompliancethroughbitingtosubdue.Considerable combat behavior should enhance thepain compliance. If the Dog is muzzled, as intraining or certification, intense bumping andwrestling should be evident.18.Verbal Release: If a Handler commands a SWAT Dog to Release its grip or ceaseits Detain, it shall respond by1.Immediatelyrelease primarycontrol of the subject, whetherEngaged or Detaining;2.Assume a position, i.e., sit/stand/down/return1.Sit at a distance out ofsuspect striking range yetcloseenoughtoreactefficiently to a furtivemovement or an over-ridecommand, optimal distance is3-6 feetRevised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only32
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training Manual2.Stand at a distance out ofsuspect striking range yetcloseenoughtoreactefficiently to a furtivemovement or an over-ridecommand, optimal distanceis 3-6 feet3.Down at a distance out ofsuspect striking range yetcloseenoughtoreactefficiently to a furtivemovement or an over-ridecommand, optimal distanceis 3-6 feet4.Returnposition;tot h e Heel3.Remain quiet; and4.Remain alert for furtive movement.A proper Verbal Release is as follows. On a lawful order to a compliantsuspect, such as “Stay Still,” the Dog shall immediately let go, ifEngaged. If a position command is given such as “Heel” the Dog shallimmediately respond to the respective command (in this case return tothe Heel position). It should then be alert and quiet, ready to reactto a furtive movement. Reasonable human behavior from the suspect shallRevised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Only33
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training Manualbe tolerated by the Dog when commanded to Release.It should notEngage, for example, if the suspect merely coughs or cries out.1.19.If the Dog assumes a position near the suspect, it should be outof impact weapon striking range and personal body space, yet closeenough to react efficiently to a furtive movement or an over-ridecommand.T a c t i c a lRelease:AT a c t i c a lRelease is amaneuver whichm a yb eappropriatewhen there isconsiderablep h y s i c a la c t i v i t ybetweenthesubject,theHandler, or even the Tactical Team during a capture.It may be utilizedanytime the Handler perceives that the Dog may misinterpret the actions of anyof the above.It is a maneuver intended to diminish the possibility ofunintended injury to the Subject, Handler, or the Tactical Team. It is a formof Verbal Release, with the added element of physical control of the Dog. Itis commonly referred to as a “Hands-on Verbal Release.”It is critical to know that a Tactical Release is different from a Lift-Off(aka Choke-off). A Tactical Release is a deployment technique, while a LiftOff is a training technique. Also, during a Tactical Release, the Handlerissues a Verbal Release command; while during a Lift-Off, the Handler issuesthe Engage command. Finally, during a Tactical Release, the Dog is expectedto Release its grip within 3 seconds; while during a Lift-Off, the Dog istrained to hold on for as long as its air supply will sustain it.A proper Tactical Release is as follows.20.1.Handler gains control of the Dog’shead;2.Handler announces to the TacticalTeam “Tactical Release”;3.Handler gives the Verbal Releasecommand to the Dog;4.The Dog responds to the Handlerwithin three seconds;5.The Handler lifts the Dog clear of Subject and Tactical Team;6.The Handler announces to the Tactical Team “Dog Off”;7.The Handler moves the Dog away from the Tactical Team;8.The Handler/Dog assume a backup position; and9.The Dog remains alert and quiet, ready to Engage again.EmergencyRelease:AnEmergencyReleaseisRevised 21Nov2011 by Wendell Nope - Law Enforcement Use Onlyamaneuverwhichmaybe34
Utah POST Service Dog ProgramSWAT Dog Training Manualappropriate when the Handler perceives an exigent circumstance during acapture. For example, a subject may appear unconscious or catatonic, a BackupOfficer inadvertently is bitten, or some other situation in which lifethreatening conditions exist AND the subject is obviously compliant or nonthreatening.A proper Emergency Release is as follows:1.The Kerby Emergency Release - rigid hands at throat and at base ofskull.This technique is advantageous for a larger or stronger Handler. TheHandler approaches the Dog with his/her hands rigid and flat . placeone hand at the top of the throat and the other at the base of the skull. press inward firmly with both hands to secure the Dog’s head .squeeze tightly and hold on as the Dog opens its mouth . gentlymaneuver the Dog’s mouth away from the bite-site . firmly hold ontothe Dog’s head to prevent an inadvertent secondary bite . move the Dogaway from the person in a safe manner . be aware that the Dog may slipinto Survival Drive during the procedure . help the Dog to re
A certification is an official police function. Accordingly, official uniforms. . Law Enforcement Use Only 25 shall be worn by any Handler presenting a Dog for an examination. Handlers are expected to display appropriate tactical skills during the course of the examination. All collars, harness, etc. worn by the dog shall be approved by the .
9.1 SWAT Physical Fitness Standards 9.2 SWAT Selection Firearms Qualification Test 9.3 SWAT Selection Physical Fitness Test 9.4 SWAT Weapons Standards 9.4.1 SRT excusal from department training shoots 9.5 SWAT Safety Regulations 9.6 SWAT Use of Aiming Lasers 9.7 SWAT Low Visibility Operations 9.8 Night Vision Optical Devices
appended into the existing SWAT database. Once a SWAT project is set up, the following steps will instruct how to use FAO SOTER soil data within the project. SWAT Database: To append the necessary data into the database, first locate the soil files within SWAT. Inside the SWAT database (ie SWAT2009.mlb) there is a table entitled "usersoil".
the sub-hourly SWAT provides reasonable estimates of stream flow for multiple storm events. Keywords: Sub-hourly, SWAT, SWAT-CUP, SUFI-2, Uncertainty, Hydrological Modelling 1. Introduction SWAT (Soil & Water Assessment Tool) is a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds .
SWAT Teams Police Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams are responsible for handling high-risk tactical situations involving barricaded suspects, hostage situations, and the serving of warrants. The primary goal of SWAT, as stated in a SWAT training manual, is the "successful conclusion of high-risk situations through the use of specially
2021 SWAT ROUND-UP INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CLASS INFORMATION MORNING CLASSES @ HOTEL - 8:00 A.M. TO 12 NOON AFTERNOON CLASSES @ HOTEL - 1:00 P.M. TO 5:00 P.M. TRAINING MANAGEMENT AND RISK MITIGATION - Bill Young, NTOA / PA Tactical Officers Association This 4-hour block of instruction is part of the 40-hour NTOA SWAT Command and Decision Making course.
Running SWAT Is A Breeze Zhulu Lin Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering North Dakota State University at Fargo zhulu.lin@ndsu.edu SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, https://swat.tamu.edu) is a very popular semi-distributed watershed model, being good at simulating the long-term impact of agriculture
Phosphorus Modeling in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model 167 included in the model. All soil N processes are simulated in the SWAT model using relationships described in the model's theoretical documentation (Neitsch et al. 2001a). Once N enters channel flow, the SWAT model partitions N into four pools: organic N, NH 4-N, nitrite-N .
SWAT Model SWAT is a semi-distributed and semi-physically based model. SWAT considers the heterogeneity of a watershed by dividing it into sub-watersheds based on the river network and topography; subsequently, sub-watersheds are divided into hydrologic response units (HRUs) which lump land areas with unique soil, land cover and slope combinations.
