LWBK942-FM.qxd 6/25/11 8:45 AM Page X

3y ago
228 Views
73 Downloads
7.31 MB
450 Pages
Last View : Today
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Josiah Pursley
Transcription

LWBK942-FM.qxd6/25/118:45 AMPage x

Med-Surg FM.indd i8/17/2011 3:29:56 PM

STAFFPublisherJ. Christopher BurghardtAcquisitions EditorBill LamsbackClinical DirectorJoan Robinson, RN, MSNClinical Project ManagerBeverly Ann Tscheschlog, RN, MSClinical EditorMarian Pottage, RN, MSNProduct DirectorDavid MoreauThe clinical treatments described and recommended in this publicationare based on research and consultation with nursing, medical, andlegal authorities. To the best of our knowledge, these procedures reflectcurrently accepted practice. Nevertheless, they can’t be consideredabsolute and universal recommendations. For individual applications,all recommendations must be considered in light of the patient’s clinical condition and, before administration of new or infrequently useddrugs, in light of the latest package insert information. The authors andpublisher disclaim any responsibility for any adverse effects resultingfrom the suggested procedures, from any undetected errors, or fromthe reader’s misunderstanding of the text. 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. Thisbook is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—withoutprior written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotationsembodied in critical articles and reviews and testing and evaluation materials provided by publisher to instructors whose schoolshave adopted its accompanying textbook. For information, writeLippincott Williams & Wilkins, 323 Norristown Road, Suite 200,Ambler, PA 19002-2756.Senior Product ManagerDiane LabusPrinted in China.EditorMSNCert5-011111Margaret EckmanCopy EditorsLeslie Dworkin, Erika KorsEditorial AssistantsKaren J. Kirk, Jeri O’Shea, Linda K. RuhfArt DirectorElaine KasmerDesign AssistantKate ZulakVendor ManagerCynthia RudySenior Manufacturing CoordinatorBeth WelshProduction ServicesSPi GlobalMed-Surg FM.indd iiLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataLippincott’s review for medical-surgical nursing certification.— 5th ed.p. ; cm.Review for medical-surgical nursing certificationRev. ed. of: Springhouse review for medical-surgicalnursing certification. 4th ed. c2007.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-4511-1657-11. Nursing—Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Surgicalnursing—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Springhouse reviewfor medical-surgical nursing certification. II. Title: Review formedical-surgical nursing certification.[DNLM: 1. Nursing—Examination Questions. 2. Nursing—Outlines. 3. Certification—Examination Questions. 4. Certification—Outlines. 5. Perioperative Nursing—ExaminationQuestions. 6. Perioperative Nursing—Outlines. WY 18.2]RT55.A47 2012610.73076—dc2320110276448/17/2011 3:29:57 PM

ContentsContributors and consultantsForewordChapter 1Medical-surgical nursing certificationChapter 2Foundations of nursingChapter 3Legal and ethical aspects of nursingChapter 4Principles of medical-surgical nursingChapter 5Principles of wound careChapter 6Disruptions in homeostasisChapter 7Cardiovascular disordersChapter 8Hematologic disordersChapter 9Respiratory disordersChapter 10Neurologic disordersChapter 11Musculoskeletal disordersChapter 12Gastrointestinal disordersChapter 13Skin disordersChapter 14Endocrine disordersChapter 15Renal and urinary tract disordersChapter 16Reproductive system disordersChapter 17Immune system disordersChapter 18Eye, ear, and nose disordersChapter 19Perioperative nursingNANDA-I taxonomy II by domainNursing implications of diagnostic testsNursing implications in oncology careNursing implications in clinical pharmacologyCommon infectious disordersCDC hand hygiene guidelines fact sheetCDC isolation precautionsGuide to laboratory test resultsPosttestSelected iiMed-Surg FM.indd iii8/17/2011 3:29:57 PM

Contributors and consultantsKatherine Balkema, RN, BA, BSN, MM, RRT, CMSRNElisa Mangosing-Lemmon, RN, MSN, CMSRNClinical Nurse EducatorHolland HospitalHolland, Mich.Nursing InstructorRiverside School of Professional NursingNewport News, Va.Kaye L. Claytor, PhD, CMSRN, ACNS-BCJohn Allan Menez, RN-BC, MS, CMSRNEducation SpecialistClarian HealthIndianapolis, Ind.FacultyUniversity of PhoenixPhoenix, Ariz.Kim Clevenger, RN, MSN, EdDc, BCD. Angela Nguyen, RN, BSN, CMSNAssociate Professor of NursingMorehead State UniversityMorehead, Ky.Nurse EducatorScripps Mercy HospitalSan Diego, Calif.Kathleen Conn, RN, MSNJoyce W. Pompey, RN,C, BSN, MSN, DNP, APRN-BCNurse EducatorStevens-Henager CollegeMurray, UtahMedical-Surgical and Psychiatric NurseDuke University Health SystemDurham Regional HospitalDurham, N.C.Assistant ProfessorUniversity of South Carolina AikenSchool of NursingAiken, S.C.Marian W. Pottage, RN, MSIndependent Clinical EditorPaoli, Pa.Sharon Conner, RN, MSN, CMSRNMonica Narvaez Ramirez, RN, MSNClinical Education ConsultantINTEGRIS HealthOklahoma City, Okla.Nursing InstructorUniversity of the Incarnate Word School of Nursing & HealthProfessionsSan Antonio, Tex.Iris K. Freisner, RN-BC, BSNAssistant InstructorMt. Carmel College of NursingColumbus, OhioMaria Elsa Rodriguez, RN, MSN-CNS, CMSRNAssistant Professor of NursingSan Diego City CollegeSan Diego, Calif.Anna Jarrett, PhD, ACNS/ACNP, BCOrthopedic Advanced Practice NurseCentral Arkansas Veterans Health SystemsLittle Rock, Ark.Michelle Rudolph, RN, CMSRNRegistered NurseUniversity of Colorado HospitalAurora, Colo.Grace G. Lewis, RN, MS, ACNS-BCAssociate ProfessorGeorgia Baptist College of Nursing of Mercer UniversityAtlanta, Ga.Denise Verosky, MSN, ACNS-BC, CMSRNDirector, Palliative CareUPMC Mercy HospitalPittsburgh, Pa.Phyllis Magaletto, RN, MS, BCInstructor, Medical-Surgical NursingCochran School of NursingYonkers, N.Y.Tonya L. Willingham, RN, BSN, MANursing FacultyWatts School of NursingDurham, N.C.ivMed-Surg FM.indd iv8/17/2011 3:29:58 PM

ForewordMedical-surgical nursing is alive and well! Once considered a basic skill required ofall nurses, medical-surgical nursing has become increasingly complex, evolving intoa vital specialty nursing practice. Medical-surgical nurses must care for a growingnumber of health care consumers with complex medical needs as well as keep currentwith continuing developments in health care science, technology, and economics. Theymust overcome the challenges these developments can bring to providing patient carewhile continuing to provide high-quality nursing care to diverse patient populations inall stages of life—from adolescents to the elderly.Specialty certification is the most important step a registered nurse can take in his orher career. It signifies a nurse’s commitment to professional growth and developmentand, most importantly, to provide safe, effective, timely, and high-quality patient care.Research by the American Board of Nursing Specialties confirms that certification validates specialized knowledge, enhances professional credibility and autonomy, indicates professional growth, and provides evidence of professional commitment.Lippincott’s Review for Medical-Surgical Nursing Certification will certainly help youin your pursuit of certification as a medical-surgical nurse. This thoroughly updatedreview book offers the most current content typically included in medical-surgicalnursing certification tests by both the Medical-Surgical Nursing Certification Board(MSNCB) of the Academy of Medical Surgical Nurses (AMSN) and the AmericanNurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).The core content of this new edition has been attentively revised to reflect the bestavailable practices that influence medical-surgical nursing. It includes review topics onthe foundations of nursing, legal and ethical aspects of nursing, principles of medicalsurgical nursing and wound care, and disruptions in homeostasis. It also reviews thedifferent body systems and associated diseases that certification exams frequentlycover—and that medical-surgical nurses commonly encounter.New content includes cultural and ethnic beliefs and practices, evidence-basedpractice, safety issues, health maintenance and wellness, and lifestyle management.The many new topics covered include collaboration, patient’s bill of rights and selfdetermination, the developmental theories of Jean Piaget and Abraham Maslow, nutrition, substance abuse, abuse and neglect, complementary therapies, obesity, herbalremedies, adult immunizations, and laboratory values. Another highlight is the addition of more practice questions with rationales at the end of each chapter. The posttestat the end of the book has also been greatly expanded to ensure your mastery of thecontent you’ve covered.Whether you’re a newly graduated nurse exploring the specialty of medicalsurgical nursing, a displaced nurse reentering the nursing profession, or a seasonednurse wanting to update your skills and knowledge in medical-surgical nursing orbecome certified in this prestigious specialty, I know you’ll find this book a valuablevMed-Surg FM.indd v8/17/2011 3:29:58 PM

vi Forewordaddition to your library. More importantly, this book will give you the knowledge andconfidence you need to ace the medical-surgical nursing certification exam.I wish you well as you move forward in this major endeavor–becoming certified asa medical-surgical nurse.John Allan Menez, RN-BC, MS, CMSRNFaculty, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, Ariz.Adjunct Clinical Instructor, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minn.Medical-Surgical Nurse, St. Joseph Hospital, St. Paul, Minn.University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview, Minneapolis, Minn.Med-Surg FM.indd vi8/17/2011 3:29:58 PM

1Medical-surgical nursingcertificationMedical-surgical nurses are the backbone of health and wellness care in the United States. Indeed, new nursing graduates are strongly encouraged to work in a hospital as a medical-surgical nurse for 1 to 2 years tohone their skills before branching out into other areas of nursing. In 1972, the American Nurses Association(ANA) recognized this valuable specialty by certifying medical-surgical nurses through the American NursesCredentialing Center (ANCC)—almost 151,000 nurses have been certified to date in more than 30 specialtyand advanced practice areas of nursing. Further, as of 1990, a new medical-surgical nursing organization, theAcademy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN), was founded to serve the specific educational needs of thisgroup of nurses. The AMSN has also developed a certification examination to recognize the knowledge baseof the practicing medical-surgical nurse.The ANCC certification examinationThe ANA offers two examinations for medical-surgical nursing certification: a basic medical-surgical nurseexamination and a clinical specialist examination in adult health (formerly medical-surgical nursing). TheANCC administers the computer-based examinations in cities throughout the United States and its territories.The tests last about 4 hours.Eligibility and applicationThe ANCC establishes criteria for eligibility to take the examination. Requirements for the basic examinationdiffer from those of the clinical specialist examination. The criteria discussed in this book were in effect as ofthe 2010 examination. Because requirements can change, candidates should obtain the latest criteria beforeapplying for certification. (See ANCC certification eligibility requirements, page 2.) The medical-surgical nursingexamination is available to nurses with an associate’s degree or diploma, thus establishing two levels of credentialing. Nurses certified at the baccalaureate level are designated as Board Certified, or “RN-BC”; nursescertified at the associate or diploma level are designated as Certified, or “RN-C.” The credential approved forclinical nurse specialists is “APRN-BC.”After you have decided to prepare for the examination, obtain the certification catalog by writing to theAmerican Nurses Credentialing Center, 8515 Georgia Ave., Suite 400, Silver Spring, MD 20910-3492, or bycalling toll-free 1-800-284-2378. This catalog provides all the information you’ll need to apply. Examination information, catalogs, and applications may also be obtained through the ANCC Web site at www.nursecredentialing.org.Pay careful attention to all steps in the application process. Failure to complete any step correctly maymake you ineligible to take the examination on the date you had planned. All applicants must pay a nonrefundable application fee and an examination fee, set each year by the credentialing center.1Med-Surg Chap01.indd 18/2/2011 2:32:56 PM

2 Medical-surgical nursing certificationANCC certification eligibility requirementsThe American Nurses Credentialing Center’s (ANCC) eligibility criteria for certification in medical-surgical nursing, as of 2010,are listed below. Note that the requirements for the basic nursing examination differ from those of the specialist examination.Criteria for a medical-surgical nurse (RN-BC:Registered Nurse–Board Certified)By the time of application, you must:1. hold a current, active unrestricted professional registerednurse (RN) license in the United States or its territories orthe professional, legally recognized equivalent in anothercountry2. have practiced the equivalent of 2 years full-time as an RN3. have practiced as a licensed RN in medical-surgicalnursing for a minimum of 2,000 hours within the past 3years4. have received 30 contact hours within the last 3 years inmedical-surgical nursing.Criteria for a clinical nurse specialist in adulthealth (ACNS-BC: Adult Health Clinical NurseSpecialist–Board Certified)By the time of application, you must:1. hold a current, active RN license in the United States or itsterritories or the professional, legally recognized equivalentin another country2. hold a master’s degree or higher in nursing3. have been prepared in medical-surgical nursing through amaster’s degree program or a formal postgraduate master’sprogram in nursing4. have graduated from an accredited institution grantinggraduate-level academic credit for all of the coursework (including advanced health assessment, advancedpharmacology, and advanced pathophysiology) that includesboth didactic and clinical components, and a minimum of 500hours of supervised clinical practice in medical-surgical nursing.Source: American Nurses Credentialing Center, Silver Spring, MD.Available at www.nursecredentialing.org.Certification test planAfter establishing your eligibility, the credentialing center will mail you a handbook that contains the currentexamination blueprint, or test plan. The test plan outlines the test content and the ratio (weighting) of eachcontent area. Information about the test plan, especially its content, can provide considerable guidance inhelping you organize your study plan.In the ANCC catalog for 2010, medical-surgical examination topics included biophysical and psychosocialconcepts, pathophysiology of body systems, patient care, health promotion and wellness, management andleadership, and legal and ethical issues and trends. Examination topics for the clinical specialist in medicalsurgical nursing included clinical practice, consultation, management, education, research, and issues andtrends.The Board on Certification for Medical-Surgical Nursing Practice, one of the many ANCC certificationboards, develops the certification examination. The test objectively evaluates knowledge, comprehension, andapplication of medical-surgical nursing theory and practice to patient care. The test development committeedefines the content areas covered in each test and the emphasis placed on each area.Certified medical-surgical nurses from around the country contribute questions for each examination. Thecommittee reviews each test item for accuracy, readability, and relevance to the test plan. Sample questionsapproved by the committee are compiled into an examination that will be used on the next test date. All computer-based examinations offer on-site testing results. The certificate and ANCC pin are mailed about 8 weeksafter successful completion of the examination.Each test contains 175 multiple-choice questions. Of those questions, 150 are scored questions and 25 arenonscored, pretest questions. The pretest questions aren’t distinguishable from the scored questions. A candidate’s score is based solely on the 150 scored questions. Candidates have 4 hours to complete the test. A breakusually is provided.Med-Surg Chap01.indd 28/2/2011 2:32:56 PM

Strategies for a successful certification examination 3If the candidate takes a paper-and-pencil exam instead of a computer exam, test results are mailed about 6to 8 weeks after the examination. No results are released early or over the telephone to protect the privacy ofcandidates.The AMSN certification examinationThe AMSN is a professional organization for nurses who practice medical-surgical/adult health care. Theorganization developed the Scope and Standards of Medical-Surgical Nursing Practice; it builds on theANA’s Standards of Clinical Practice and helps to establish the responsibilities of medical-surgical nurses inall types of health care settings.The AMSN founded the Medical-Surgical Nursing Certification Board (MSNCB) to promote and implement a certification examination for medical-surgical nurses. The tests are offered as computer-based exams,available throughout the year, or as paper-and-pencil exams, administered four times a year. The test lasts 4hours.Eligibility and applicationThe MSNCB establishes criteria for eligibility to take the examination. However, because requirements canchange, candidates should obtain the latest criteria before applying for certification. (See AMSN certification eligibility criteria, page 4.) The medical-surgical certification examination does not require a BSN degree.Nurses who are certified through this examination are designated as “RN-CMSRN.”MSNCB works with a testing center, the Center for Nursing Education. The certification catalog and examination application may be obtained by writing to MSNCB, East Holly Avenue, Box 56, Pitman, NJ 08071. Ordownload an application from the Web site www.amsn.org.Again, be sure to read all directions, and pay careful attention to all steps in the application process. Failure to complete the application properly may lead to ineligibility to take the examination.Certification test planIf the application is completed properly, an examination permit is mailed approximately 2 weeks before thetest. The permit will include the test center address and the time you should report to the center. You musthave the examination permit to be admitted to take the exam.The paper-and-pencil exam contains 175 questions, including 25 nonscored, pretest questions. The exammust be completed in 4 hours, and results are mailed approximately 8 weeks after the exam.The computer-based exam contains 150 scored questions, with no pretest questions. The test must be completed in 3 hours, and the results are available immediately after the exam is completed.Strategies for a successful certification examinationWhen you’re ready to take a medical-surgical nursing certification examination, you’ll need to learn aboutthe certification process. Certification is a way to validate your knowledge, skills, and abilities as a medicalsurgical nurse. The certification test is based on predetermined standards, so you should become certified inyour area of clinical expertise.Start by selecting the organization you want certification from. Next, research the requirements for certification. You can begin your research by typing “medical-surgical certification” into a search engine. SomeWeb sites you might want to look more closely at include: www.msncb.org and www.nursecredentialing.org.Certifying organizations provide a test content outline, test reference list, and sample tests with pra

Medical-surgical nursing is alive and well! Once considered a basic skill required of all nurses, medical-surgical nursing has become increasingly complex, evolving into a vital specialty nursing practice. Medical-surgical nurses must care for a growing number of health care consumers with complex medical needs as well as keep current

Related Documents:

fabulas.qxd:Leyendas_Becquer_CAT.qxd 26/4/10 15:22 Página 14. 15 No hay que imitar a la cigarra ya que siempre llega el in-vierno en la vida y nos falta lo que despreciamos otro tiempo. Pero tampoco se debe ser tan poco caritativo como la hormiga, porque compartir las cosas da mucho gusto.

46672ffirs.qxd:Naked Conversations 3/26/08 1:36 AM Page iv. Dedicated to our families, friends, and the bloggers we have yet to meet. 46672ffirs.qxd:Naked Conversations 3/26/08 1:36 AM Page v. About the Authors Darren Rowse is t

LAURA NAPRAN has a Ph.D. in medieval history from University of Cambridge (Pembroke) and is an independent scholar. . The manuscripts xxviii Editions and translations xxx . Places xxxviii CHRONICLE OF HAINAUT 1 Bibliography 183 Index 199 COH-Prelims.qxd 11/15/04 5:56 PM Page v. COH-Prelims.qxd 11/15/04 5:56 PM Page vi. For Norm Socha COH .

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS By ERWIN KREYSZIG 9TH EDITION This is Downloaded From www.mechanical.tk Visit www.mechanical.tk For More Solution Manuals Hand Books And Much Much More. INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL FOR ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS imfm.qxd 9/15/05 12:06 PM Page i. imfm.qxd 9/15/05 12:06 PM Page ii. INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL FOR ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS NINTH EDITION ERWIN .

processes that have marked the human occupation and transformation of the landscape. (Joanna Dean’s chapter, which follows this one, reinforces this point by looking at urban forests in Toronto.) ch12.qxd 12/28/07 4:08 PM Page 214. By examining stages in the creation of water networks and green spaces in Montreal from the 1850s to the 1910s, we will see changes in how natural elements were .

USER GUIDE TOASTER PAGE 2 840141600 ENv01.qxd 3/31/06 2:06 PM Page 1. 2 Dear Toaster Owner, Congratulations on your purchase. The Hamilton Beach . Assistance and Service 840141600 ENv01.qxd 3/31/06 2:06 PM Page 5. 6 Parts and Features 1. Food Slots with Guides 2.

MICROECONOMICS FIFTH EDITION DAVID A. BESANKO Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management RONALD R. BRAEUTIGAM Northwestern University, Department of Economics with Contributions from Michael J. Gibbs The University of Chicago, Booth School of Business FM.qxd 10/5/13 1:36 AM Page i

from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer MARK TWAIN In this famous selection from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), written by Mark Twain (born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835–1910), Tom, burdened with the chore to whitewash his Aunt Polly’s fence as punishment for his having played hooky from school, comes up with an ingenious way to get out of his work: He convinces his friends that it’s .