Electrical Installation Handbook - ABB

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Electrical installation handbookVolume 14th edition1SDC008001D02041SDC008001D0204Printed in Italy03/06Protection and control devicesDue to possible developments of standards as well as ofmaterials, the characteristics and dimensions specified inthis document may only be considered binding afterconfirmation by ABB SACE.ABB SACE S.p.A.An ABB Group CompanyL.V. BreakersVia Baioni, 3524123 Bergamo - ItalyTel.: 39 035.395.111 - Telefax: 39 035.395.306-433http://www.abb.comABB SACEProtection andcontrol devices

Electrical installation handbookVolume 1Protection and control devices4th editionMarch 2006

IndexIntroduction . 2First edition 2003Second edition 2004Third edition 2005Fourth edition 2006Published by ABB SACEvia Baioni, 35 - 24123 Bergamo (Italy)All rights reserved1 Standards1.1 General aspects . 31.2 IEC Standards for electrical installation . 152 Protection and control devices2.1 Circuit-breaker nameplates . 222.2 Main definitions . 252.3 Types of releases . 283 General characteristics3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit breakers . 403.2 Trip curves . 513.3 Limitation curves . 1303.4 Specific let-through energy curves . 1693.5 Temperature derating . 2043.6 Altitude derating . 2253.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors . 2264 Protection coordination4.1 Protection coordination . 2324.2 Discrimination tables . 2414.3 Back-up tables . 2664.4 Coordination tables between circuit breakers andswitch disconnectors . 2705 Special applications5.1 Direct current networks . 2745.2 Networks at particular frequencies; 400 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz . 2855.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks . 3025.4 Automatic Transfer Switches . 3146 Switchboards6.1 Electrical switchboards . 3236.2 MNS switchboards . 3316.3 ArTu distribution switchboards . 332Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects insidelow-voltage switchboards . 335Annex B: Temperature rise evaluationaccording to IEC 60890 . 344Annex C: Application examples:Advanced protection functionswith PR123/P and PR333/P releases . 360ABB SACE - Protection and control devices1

Introduction1 StandardsScope and objectives1.1 General aspectsIn each technical field, and in particular in the electrical sector, a conditionsufficient (even if not necessary) for the realization of plants according to the“status of the art” and a requirement essential to properly meet the demandsof customers and of the community, is the respect of all the relevant laws andtechnical standards.Therefore, a precise knowledge of the standards is the fundamental premisefor a correct approach to the problems of the electrical plants which shall bedesigned in order to guarantee that “acceptable safety level” which is neverabsolute.The scope of this electrical installation handbook is to provide the designer anduser of electrical plants with a quick reference, immediate-use working tool.This is not intended to be a theoretical document, nor a technical catalogue,but, in addition to the latter, aims to be of help in the correct definition ofequipment, in numerous practical installation situations.The dimensioning of an electrical plant requires knowledge of different factorsrelating to, for example, installation utilities, the electrical conductors and othercomponents; this knowledge leads the design engineer to consult numerousdocuments and technical catalogues. This electrical installation handbook,however, aims to supply, in a single document, tables for the quick definition ofthe main parameters of the components of an electrical plant and for the selectionof the protection devices for a wide range of installations. Some applicationexamples are included to aid comprehension of the selection tables.Juridical StandardsThese are all the standards from which derive rules of behavior for the juridicalpersons who are under the sovereignty of that State.Electrical installation handbook usersTechnical StandardsThese standards are the whole of the prescriptions on the basis of whichmachines, apparatus, materials and the installations should be designed,manufactured and tested so that efficiency and function safety are ensured.The technical standards, published by national and international bodies, arecircumstantially drawn up and can have legal force when this is attributed by alegislative measure.The electrical installation handbook is a tool which is suitable for all those whoare interested in electrical plants: useful for installers and maintenance techniciansthrough brief yet important electrotechnical references, and for sales engineersthrough quick reference selection tables.Validity of the electrical installation handbookSome tables show approximate values due to the generalization of the selectionprocess, for example those regarding the constructional characteristics ofelectrical machinery. In every case, where possible, correction factors are givenfor actual conditions which may differ from the assumed ones. The tables arealways drawn up conservatively, in favour of safety; for more accuratecalculations, the use of DOCWin software is recommended for the dimensioningof electrical installations.Application fieldsElectrotechnics andElectronicsInternational BodyEuropean BodyIECCENELECMechanics, ErgonomicsTelecommunicationsITUETSIand SafetyISOCENThis technical collection takes into consideration only the bodies dealing with electrical and electronictechnologies.IEC International Electrotechnical CommissionThe International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) was officially founded in1906, with the aim of securing the international co-operation as regardsstandardization and certification in electrical and electronic technologies. Thisassociation is formed by the International Committees of over 40 countries allover the world.The IEC publishes international standards, technical guides and reports whichare the bases or, in any case, a reference of utmost importance for any nationaland European standardization activity.IEC Standards are generally issued in two languages: English and French.In 1991 the IEC has ratified co-operation agreements with CENELEC (Europeanstandardization body), for a common planning of new standardization activitiesand for parallel voting on standard drafts.2ABB SACE - Protection and control devicesABB SACE - Protection and control devices3

1.1 General aspects1 Standards1 StandardsCENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization“Low Voltage” Directive 73/23/CEE – 93/68/CEEThe European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) wasset up in 1973. Presently it comprises 29 countries (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,Portugal, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,United Kingdom) and cooperates with 8 affiliates (Albania, Bosnia andHerzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbiaand Montenegro, Turkey, Ukraine) which have first maintained the nationaldocuments side by side with the CENELEC ones and then replaced them withthe Harmonized Documents (HD).There is a difference between EN Standards and Harmonization Documents(HD): while the first ones have to be accepted at any level and without additionsor modifications in the different countries, the second ones can be amended tomeet particular national requirements.EN Standards are generally issued in three languages: English, French andGerman.From 1991 CENELEC cooperates with the IEC to accelerate the standardspreparation process of International Standards.CENELEC deals with specific subjects, for which standardization is urgentlyrequired.When the study of a specific subject has already been started by the IEC, theEuropean standardization body (CENELEC) can decide to accept or, whenevernecessary, to amend the works already approved by the Internationalstandardization body.The Low Voltage Directive refers to any electrical equipment designed for useat a rated voltage from 50 to 1000 V for alternating current and from 75 to 1500 V fordirect current.In particular, it is applicable to any apparatus used for production, conversion,transmission, distribution and use of electrical power, such as machines,transformers, devices, measuring instruments, protection devices and wiringmaterials.The following categories are outside the scope of this Directive: electrical equipment for use in an explosive atmosphere; electrical equipment for radiology and medical purposes; electrical parts for goods and passenger lifts; electrical energy meters; plugs and socket outlets for domestic use; electric fence controllers; radio-electrical interference; specialized electrical equipment, for use on ships, aircraft or railways, whichcomplies with the safety provisions drawn up by international bodies in whichthe Member States participate.EC DIRECTIVES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTAmong its institutional roles, the European Community has the task ofpromulgating directives which must be adopted by the different member statesand then transposed into national law.Once adopted, these directives come into juridical force and become a referencefor manufacturers, installers, and dealers who must fulfill the duties prescribedby law.Directives are based on the following principles: harmonization is limited to essential requirements; only the products which comply with the essential requirements specified bythe directives can be marketed and put into service; the harmonized standards, whose reference numbers are published in theOfficial Journal of the European Communities and which are transposed intothe national standards, are considered in compliance with the essentialrequirements; the applicability of the harmonized standards or of other technical specificationsis facultative and manufacturers are free to choose other technical solutionswhich ensure compliance with the essential requirements; a manufacturer can choose among the different conformity evaluation procedure provided by the applicable directive.The scope of each directive is to make manufacturers take all the necessarysteps and measures so that the product does not affect the safety and healthof persons, animals and property.41.1 General aspectsABB SACE - Protection and control devicesDirective EMC 89/336/EEC (“Electromagnetic Compatibility”)The Directive on electromagnetic compatibility regards all the electrical andelectronic apparatus as well as systems and installations containing electricaland/or electronic components. In particular, the apparatus covered by thisDirective are divided into the following categories according to theircharacteristics: domestic radio and TV receivers; industrial manufacturing equipment; mobile radio equipment; mobile radio and commercial radio telephone equipment; medical and scientific apparatus; information technology equipment (ITE); domestic appliances and household electronic equipment; aeronautical and marine radio apparatus; educational electronic equipment; telecommunications networks and apparatus; radio and television broadcast transmitters; lights and fluorescent lamps.The apparatus shall be so constructed that:a) the electromagnetic disturbance it generates does not exceed a level allowingradio and telecommunications equipment and other apparatus to operateas intended;b) the apparatus has an adequate level of intrinsic immunity to electromagneticdisturbance to enable it to operate as intended.An apparatus is declared in conformity to the provisions at points a) and b)when the apparatus complies with the harmonized standards relevant to itsproduct family or, in case there aren’t any, with the general standards.ABB SACE - Protection and control devices5

1.1 General aspects1.1 General aspects1 Standards1 StandardsCE conformity markingABB SACE circuit-breakers (Isomax-Tmax-Emax) are approved by the followingshipping registers:The CE conformity marking shall indicate conformity to all the obligationsimposed on the manufacturer, as regards his products, by virtue of the EuropeanCommunity directives providing for the affixing of the CE marking. When the CE marking is affixed on a product, it represents a declaration of themanufacturer or of his authorized representative that the product in questionconforms to all the applicable provisions including the conformity assessmentprocedures. This prevents the Member States from limiting the marketing andputting into service of products bearing the CE marking, unless this measure isjustified by the proved non-conformity of the product.The manufacturerdraw up the technicaldocumentationcovering the design,manufacture andoperation of theproductThe manufacturerguarantees and declaresthat his products are inconformity to the technicaldocumentation and to thedirective requirementsThe international and national marks of conformity are reported in the followingtable, for information only:COUNTRYMark ��Mark of compliance with theharmonized European standardslisted in the ENEC Agreement.AUSTRALIAAS MarkElectrical and non-electricalproducts.It guarantees compliance withSAA (Standard Association ofAustralia).AUSTRALIAS.A.A. MarkStandards Association ofAustralia (S.A.A.).The Electricity Authority of NewSouth Wales Sydney AustraliaAUSTRIAAustrian Test MarkInstallation equipment andmaterialsNaval type approvalThe environmental conditions which characterize the use of circuit breakers foron-board installations can be different from the service conditions in standardindustrial environments; as a matter of fact, marine applications can requireinstallation under particular conditions, such as:- environments characterized by high temperature and humidity, including saltmist atmosphere (damp-heat, salt-mist environment);- on board environments (engine room) where the apparatus operate in thepresence of vibrations characterized by considerable amplitude and duration.In order to ensure the proper function in such environments, the shippingregisters require that the apparatus has to be tested according to specific typeapproval tests, the most significant of which are vibration, dynamic inclination,humidity and dry-heat tests.6ABB SACE - Protection and control devicesItalian shipping registerNorwegian shipping registerFrench shipping registerGerman shipping registerBritish shipping registerAmerican shipping registerMarks of conformity to the relevant national andinternational StandardsASDC008045F0201ManufacturerEC declaration ofconformityRegistro Italiano NavaleDet Norske VeritasBureau VeritasGermanischer LloydLloyd’s Register of ShippingAmerican Bureau of ShippingIt is always advisable to ask ABB SACE as regards the typologies and theperformances of the certified circuit-breakers or to consult the section certificatesin the website http://bol.it.abb.com.Flow diagram for the conformity assessment procedures established by the Directive73/23/EEC on electrical equipment designed for use within particular voltage range:Technical fileRINADNVBVGLLRsABSOVEABB SACE - Protection and control devices7

1.1 General aspects1.1 General aspects1 StandardsCOUNTRY8Symbol1 StandardsMark designationApplicability/OrganizationCOUNTRYMark designationApplicability/OrganizationAUSTRIAÖVE IdentificationThreadCablesCROATIAKONKARElectrical Engineering InstituteBELGIUMCEBEC MarkInstallation materials and electricalappliancesDENMARKDEMKOApproval MarkLow voltage materials.This mark guarantees thecompliance of the product withthe requirements (safety) of the“Heavy Current Regulations”BELGIUMCEBEC MarkConduits and ducts, conductorsand flexible cordsFINLANDSafety Markof the ElektriskaInspektoratetLow voltage material.This mark guarantees thecompliance of the product withthe requirements (safety) of the“Heavy Current Regulations”BELGIUMCertification ofConformityInstallation material and electricalappliances (in case there are noequivalent national standards orcriteria)FRANCEESC MarkHousehold appliancesCANADACSA MarkElectrical and non-electricalproducts.This mark guarantees compliancewith CSA (Canadian StandardAssociation)FRANCENF MarkConductors and cables –Conduits and ducting –Installation materialsCHINACCEE MarkGreat Wall Mark Commission forCertification of ElectricalEquipmentFRANCENF IdentificationThreadCablesCzech RepublicEZU’ MarkElectrotechnical Testing InstituteFRANCENF MarkPortable motor-operated toolsSlovakiaRepublicElectrotechnical Research andDesign InstituteFRANCENF MarkHousehold appliancesEVPU’ MarkABB SACE - Protection and control devicesSymbolABB SACE - Protection and control devices9

1.1 General aspects1.1 General aspects1 StandardsCOUNTRYSymbol1 StandardsMark designationApplicability/OrganizationCOUNTRYMark designationApplicability/OrganizationGERMANYVDE MarkFor appliances and technicalequipment, installation accessoriessuch as plugs, sockets, fuses,wires and cables, as well as othercomponents (capacitors, earthingsystems, lamp holders andelectronic devices)ITALYIMQ MarkMark to be affixed on electricalmaterial for non-skilled users; itcertifies compliance with theEuropean Standard(s).GERMANYVDEIdentification ThreadCables and cordsNORWAYNorwegian ApprovalMarkMandatory safety approval for lowvoltage material and equipmentVDE Cable MarkFor cables, insulated cords,installation conduits and ductsNETHERLANDSKEMA-KEURGeneral for all equipmentKWEElectrical productsCertification ofConformityElectrical and non-electricalproducts. It guaranteescompliance with national standard(Gosstandard of Russia)SISIRElectrical and non-electricalproductsSIQSlovenian Institute of Quality andMetrologyAEEElectrical products.The mark is under the control ofthe Asociación ElectrotécnicaEspañola(Spanish RYMEEIBRUSSIAElectrical equipmentSLOVENIAIIRS MarkElectrical equipmentSPAINSINPPR O V ED TIIRS MarkOAIRELANDOFCO N FOR M I DA D AARR MA S U NTYMARFORNOMIKRC A DE CONIRELAN

Electrical installation handbook users The electrical installation handbook is a tool which is suitable for all those who are interested in electrical plants: useful for installers and maintenance technicians through brief yet important electrotechnical references, and for sales engineers through quick reference selection tables.

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