Optimization Of Pressure Vessel Using A Composite Material

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International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 3, March-2014ISSN 2278-776391Optimization Of Pressure Vessel Using AComposite Material124DEEPAK THOMAS , COLIN JOHNSON , SARATH KRISHNA3,N.SIVASELVA KUMARDepartment of Aeronautical EngineeringPark College Of ero06@gmail.com.ABSTRACTcomposite material which shows betterperformance results. We are going to design andIJOARTThe project is proposed to analyse and design acylindrical pressure vessel made up ofcomposite material. The new composite materialconsidered is waspaloy. In today’s aviationbrass is the major element used for constructionof pressure vessels .It has high minglingproperties which provide various properties.ButBrass has many disadvantages like gettingdeformed, bursting, hydraulic failure andpneumatic failure. The design features focus onproviding high fuel efficiency, reduction ofbursting of pressure vessels in aircrafts.Pressure vessels have been manufacturedby filament winding for a long time. Althoughthey appear to be simple structures,pressure vessels are difficult to design. Theadvantages are superior specific strength andstiffness, resulting in a lighter design. Thismakes the use of fiber reinforced compositesideally suited for applications where a pressurevessel must withstand high internal pressurealong with axial, bending, and shear loads. Incertain applications, significant loads areimparted to composite pressure vessels due toaccelerations caused by transportation andhandling operations. This project will present thedevelopment, application and results of this newCopyright 2014 SciResPub.analyse the pressure vessel to enhance theperformance characteristics of the pressurevessel using composite ent winding-lighter design-advantages ofcomposite wrapped pressure vessels-betterperformance results.I. INTRODUCTIONPressure vessels are being widely used incommercial and aerospace industries, forexample in rocket motor cases, fuel tanks,portable oxygen storage bottles, and so on. Theyoffer a high stiffness and strength combined witha low weight and an excellent corrosionresistance. Pressure vessels are commonlyconstructed with a filament overwrap offiberglass, carbon fiber, or Kevlar in customizedresin systems. Various properties can beachieved through an appropriate selection offiber type, fiber orientation, and resin matrix ofthe composite structure required for theapplications in question. The strong and stiffIJOART

International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 3, March-2014ISSN 2278-7763fibers carry the load imposed on the composite,while the resin matrix distributes the load acrossthe fibers. The process for producing acomposite pressure vessel is termed filamentwinding. The techniques for filament-woundcomposite pressure vessel can be classified intotwo main types: geodesic winding and in-planewinding, which consist of three basic steps.First, the fibers are impregnated with a resin. Toobtain good results, the impregnation must bedone in a carefully controlled manner, by pullingthe fibers through a basin filled with the resin.Then, by the use of a winding machine, thefibers are positioned onto a mandrel, which hasthe shape of the pressure vessel required.Finally, the wet fibers are removed from thewinding machine and placed in an oven, wherethe resin is cured under well-defined conditionsof temperature and time. Typicalpressure vesselsare generally designed with a central cylindricalsection and two spherical end caps with optionalpolar openings. The relative dimensions ofdifferent sections of the vessel are designedaccording to the corresponding space and weightrequirements and the pressure levels that thevessel is expected to withstand. Along withthickness and length dimensions, the shape ofthe end caps also plays a vital role in the design.This is due to the fact that the dome regionsundergo the highest stress levels and are themost critical locations from the viewpoint ofstructure failure. The design concept requiresthat the pressure vessels provide extremely highefficiencies in meeting the overall yielding andbuckling failure criteria. Moreover, the slippagetendency of the band at its edges must be takeninto account, especially when utilizing the inplane winding technique.922) Fatigue Failure of the Metallic Liner.Fatigue failure of the metallic liner is mitigatedby inspection and testing. Nondestructiveinspection of the liner at manufacture ensuresthat critical flaw sizes are adequately screened.The PV design may then be pressurization cycletested during qualification to a factorsignificantly greater than the design life toensure an adequate margin on design cycle life.3) Burst Resulting from Metallic Liner.Failure of the is mitigated by appropriateprotection from damage and damage-tolerancetesting. Visual inspection may be valuable inidentifying surface damage, although subsurfacedamage to the composite or liner may not beeasily identifiable.4) Stress Rupture. Fiber-wrapped vessels differfrom metal vessels in that they experience aneffect known as stress rupture, or static fatigue.Stress rupture is a situation in which thecomposite experiences degradation, as afunction of time. This degradation results in asudden structural failure of the pressurizedvessel’s composite overwrap, resulting in therapid release of the vessel’s contents and thestored energy of the pressurized gas – possiblycausing serious injury and damage to thesurroundings.IJOART1.2 PRESENT PROBLEMS IN PRESSUREVESSEL1) Burst from Over-pressurization. Theunexpected burst of a PV from overpressurization is mitigated by materialcertification, designing to conservative materialallowable and proof-pressurization of the vesselduring acceptance testing. The externalpressurization source must also be controlled toprevent accidental excessive pressurization.Copyright 2014 SciResPub.1.3 PROJECT CONCEPTThis project is proposed to analyse and design acylindrical pressure vessel made up ofcomposite material. The new composite materialconsidered is waspaloy. In today’s aviationbrass is the major element used for constructionof pressure vessels .It has high minglingproperties which provide various properties. ButBrass has many disadvantages likegettingdeformed, bursting, hydraulic failure andpneumatic failure. The design features focus onproviding high fuel efficiency, reduction ofbursting of pressure vessels in aircrafts.Pressure vessels have been manufacturedby filament winding for a long time. Althoughthey appear to be simple structures,pressure vessels are difficult to design. Theadvantages are superior specific strength andstiffness, resulting in a lighter design. Thismakes the use of fiber reinforced compositesideally suited for applications where a pressurevessel must withstand high internal pressureIJOART

International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 3, March-2014ISSN 2278-7763along with axial, bending, and shear loads. Incertain applications, significant loads areimparted to composite pressure vessels due toaccelerations caused by transportation andhandling operations. This roject will present thedevelopment, application and results of this newcomposite material which shows betterperformance results.93III CALCULATIONS3.1METHODFORDETERMININGSTRAIN IN AXIAL DIRECTIONSTRAIN :It is defined as the ratio of change inII PROJECT METHODOLOGYdimension by original dimension.For theoretical calculation strain isProject methodology is defined as the stepstaken by the team for successful completion ofthe project. The project methodology involvestheinitiative step to the final step till thecompletion of the project. x 1/E(α x - α y )Where x strain actingE young’s modulusSTARTα x stress in axial directionIJOARTα y stress in circumferential direction poisons MININGCIRCUMFRENTIALDIRECTIONLITERATURE REVIEW y 1/E(α y - α x )whereDESIGN x strain actingE young’s modulusα x stress in axial directionα y stress in circumferential directionANALYSIS poisons ratioENDCopyright 2014 SciResPub.IJOART

International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 3, March-2014ISSN 2278-776394DISPLACEMENT NODAL DIAGRAMIV DESIGNS4.1 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONMATERIAL1-PRESSURE VESSEL MADE OFBRASSDiameter of the pressure vessel 0.075mThickness of the vessel 0.001mLength of the vessel 0.1mFIG 1Pressure applied in the vessel 0.2 to 1 kg/cm2REACTION FORCE NODAL DIAGRAMMATERIAL 2-PRESSURE VESSEL MADE OFCOMPOSITE MATERIAL (WASPALOY)IJOARTDiameter of the pressure vessel 0.075mThickness of the vessel 0.001mLength of the vessel 0.1mPressure applied in the vessel 0.2 to 1 kg/cm2FIG 2VONMISES CHANGE DIAGRAMFIG 1 PROPOSED DESIGN OF THEPRESSURE VESSELV DESIGN RESULTS5.1 ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE VESSELMADE UP OF BRASSCopyright 2014 SciResPub.IJOART

International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 3, March-2014ISSN 2278-7763955.2 ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE VESSELMADE UP OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL(WASPALOY)DISPLACEMENT NODAL DIAGRAMVI RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFrom the analysed results it is evident thatwaspaloy has greater performance parametersFIG 4IJOARTthan brass.6.1COMPARISON OF THE ANALYSEDREACTION FORCE NODAL DIAGRAMDATAPARAMETERSBRASSWASPALOY1.092E .007DISPLACEMEN2.3334E .00T NODAL7REACTION0.02570.02571.894E 0.021.874E 0.02NODALVONMISESFIG 5STRESSVONMISES CHANGE DIAGRAMTABLE 2Copyright 2014 SciResPub.IJOART

International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 3, March-2014ISSN 2278-7763966.2 DISCUSSIONS FROM THE ANALYSEDapplications were used to fabricate this vessel.RESULTSThis report focuses on the results of performancein the qualification testing. Thus the assumed From the analyzed results it is clear thatthe newcomposite material hasresults are got. When comparing waspaloy andbrass; waspaloy shows better performanceresults.better performance results than brass. The displacement variation is much lessInin waspaloy than brass. Reaction force of brass and waspaloy isfuture we have to study about analysis of theaxial displacement of the pressure vessel,almost equal. Vonmises stress variation is lesser forwaspaloy.material collection with less cost and a real timemodel with the assumed dimensions and testingof the model.VII CONCLUSIONSIJOARTREFERENCESStructural Composites Industries has developed,qualified, and delivered a number of highperformancecompositewrappedpressurevessels for use in military aircraft where lowweight, low cost, high operating pressure andshort lead time are the primary elopment, and qualification for a typicalprogram. The vessel requirements included amunitions insensitivity criterion as evidenced byno fragmentation following impact by a .50 pectrabythehybridcomposite overwrap on a thin-walled n, and test processes that are used toproduce lightweight, thin walled seamless1. M. H. Young and B. A. Lloyd, “Rocket caseperformance optimization,” in: 17th NationalSAMPE Technical Conference (1985).2. J. T. Hofeditz, “Structural designconsiderations for glass pressure vessels,” in:18th Annual Meeting of the Reinforced PlasticsDivision (1963).3. M. Hojjati, A. V. Safavi, and S. V. Hoa,“Design of dome for polymeric compositepressure vessels,” Compos.Eng., 5, No. 1, 51-59(1995).4. Y. C. Lin and W. C. Hwang, “Design of domecontour for filament-wound rocket motor cases,”Trans. Aeronaut. Astronaut.Soc. R. O. C., 27,No. 1, 61-70 (1995).aluminum lined carbon/epoxy overwrappedpressure vessels for satellite and other spaceCopyright 2014 SciResPub.IJOART

Optimization Of Pressure Vessel Using A Composite Material . DEEPAK THOMAS. 1, COLIN JOHNSON2, SARATH KRISHNA3,N.SIVASELVA KUMAR 4 Department of Aeronautical Engineering Park College Of Technology . Coimbatore . deepakkallely@outlook.com. sivaaero06@gmail.com. ABSTRACT The project is proposed to analyse and design a cylindrical pressure vessel .

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