Pervious / Porous Pavements

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PERMEABLE / POROUSPAVEMENTSLOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE SOUTHWEST2013 LID Basics and Beyond

Todays Outline LID and stormwater water refresherPast pavement typesWater volumes and “C”Pervious / porous types of alternativesCOG / ASU / NAU project histories (5-6 yrs. inlocal environment2013 LID Practices in the Arid Southwest February 5th 2013

Low Impact Design (LID) “LID is an approach to land development/ redevelopment that works with nature to managestormwater as close to it’s source as possible” Recreatingnatural features to treat stormwater beforeit leaves the site Minimizing imperviousness to create functional siteattributes that treat stormwater as a RESOURCE ratherthan a WASTE product. (7200ciA)-c?2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Distinction of stormwater vs. treatedwater entering “waters of the US” Stormwater generated by (MS4) are regulated byADEQ - EPA – stormwater enters waters of the USuntreated by street flow etc. and must be managedon site !!!!!!2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Historical impermeable surfacetreatments Rigid pavements– Concrete / PCCPFlexible pavement – asphalt HMA, dense graded, open gradedNative soil surface treatments - chemical additives,emulsions- COG Thunderbird Parking LotsAll lead to high potentially unfiltered andcontaminated runoff volumes2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Environmental impacts from impervioussurfaces Produce higher peak sheet flows (Q’s)Produce landscaping , channel incision, erosion, increasedsediment transport – heavy metals from automobiles etc.Reduces infiltration due to rapid movementIncreases stormwater pollutant loads to aquifer – neverdeposited2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

How much water from 1 acre ?100 year rain event (design value) yields approximately 9918 cubic feet of water fromonly one acre of land 74,200 gallons of water !!Park and Ride in Glendale Arizona currently covers about 120,000 square feet of parkingarea 2.75 acres 204,000 gallons untreated water entering waters of the USC Storage capacity - LESS LAND for retention, vegetation, trees and MORE LAND forproject space !!!Agencies are grappling with storage credit etc.2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Pollutant removal – one benefit2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Additional benefit of pervious / permeable pavements –Mitigating heat island effectHEAT ISLAND MITIGATION Comparing surface temperatures between and Asphalt Road andConcrete Parking Lot in RioVerde, Arizona. Max air temperature that day was 100F.2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Well which is it - permeable or porous? (or pervious) ? Permeable surfaces allows or directs the water topass around the aggregate or paver – such as apaving block, paving stone, gravel / grass pavePorous / Pervious surfaces pavements allow or directthe water to pass “through” the medium such aspervious concrete or porous asphalt.Both reduce “c”2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Some types of pavement surfaces Wooden roadways / decks – 1900’s - ground orelevated ?Open graded aggregates surfaces (base course)Open–celled paving grids (geocells)Open jointed paving blocks /pavers / grid paversPervious / porous concretePervious / porous asphalt (arid SW not compatible)2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Open graded aggregate surfaces i.e. ABC –chips etc Inexpensive / effective - can be highlypermeable depending on gradation susceptibleto degradation2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Open jointed paving blocks, blockpavers, grid pavers Cost competitive with perviousconcreteRepairs – individual units can be replacedInitial infiltration rates reduced dueto void spaceHigh freeze-thaw, salt resistance In the arid southwest?2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013Medium to high urban heatisland reductionLEEDS benefit - recycledcomponent using flyash, slag,etc and can reused or re-crushupon removalMechanically installed, no lagtime for curing etc.

Properties of Pervious Concrete Slumps 0 - 3/4” - DRYUnit weights 125-135pcfapprox 70% of traditionalMix temperature (90Fmax) of concern as W/Cratio’s low – cannot cooleffectivelyPlacement times and datesshould be able toaccommodate temperatureconstraints2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013 Permeability appx.288in/hr.-770in/hr. 24ft./hr. – 65ft./hr.Compressive strengthappx.500-4000psi –2500 psi. avg. Susceptible to wheelloads

Pervious concrete examples in Arizonasince 2006 NAU-ARD BuildingLate 2006ASU Arts Building2007Glendale Park andRide 2008Super-lite Block facilityPhoenix CementTerminal2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013 NAU – ARD BuildingPavement failed andhas been overlaid /replaced with HMAdue to rip hazardsand is beingredesigned for morecompatible design (Dr.Jun Ho Chun).FREEZE / THAW?

Pervious Concrete Limitations Slopes should be limited to 5% to reduce runoffCan assume 40% voids in rock bed - STORAGEGenerally not for heavy loading – consider mixingpavement types to match vehicle types PCCP for drive aisles, pervious for low usage areasAggregates used in rock bed should be clean/wellto maximize capacityGOOD CONTRACTOR / DESIGNERS2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

City of Glendale Park and RideFacility (99th Avenue and Glendale) Phase 1 Completed January 2007388 spacesPhase 2 254 spaces 642 at build out Costs HMA 693,570 Pervious 844,07 20 yr. HMA more than pervious2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Placement – August 20072013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

1 to 3 Year warranty items2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

5 year performance COG Park andRide2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

ASU construction 20062013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

6 year performance - ASU2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

? Maintenance ? ASU pavement – NO discernible maintenance todate. Very satisfied with performance to dateCOG Park and Ride 6mos. hire contractor for vacuumed or brush work Flush pavement - pores appear to be self cleaning dueto dust size Extremely satisfied to date with performance Additional request for study in 20122013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

Additional studies Pore cleaning April 2012 – 3 locations 77.5in./hr. to 131.5 in./hr. ( 69.7%) 181.7 in./hr to 191.0 in./hr. ( 5.1%) 118.7 in/hr. to 137.7 in./hr. ( 16.1%)2013 LID Practices in the Arid Southwest February 5th 2013

Closing / Questions?tkaczmarowski@glendaleaz.com2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013

LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE SOUTHWEST 2013 LID Basics and Beyond . Todays Outline 2013 LID Practices in the Arid Southwest February 5th 2013 . 2013 LID Basics and Beyond – February 5th, 2013 . City of Glendale Park and Ride Facility (99th Avenue and Glendale) .

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