PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSISUPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Submitted to the Town of Orangetown
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION .3SECTION I: GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS .3Regional Context . 3Local Context. 4Downtown Pearl River . 5SECTION II: DEMOGRAPHICS .6Population and Household Demographics . 6Income Levels. 10Employment Characteristics . 13SECTION III: ECONOMIC & FISCAL CONDITIONS . 15Economic Base . 15Income of Workers in Pearl River . 16SECTION IV: HOUSING . 18General Housing Conditions . 18Housing Inventory in Pearl River. 19Housing Costs . 22Rental Units. 22Cost Burden Analysis. 24Housing Conditions . 27SECTION V: LAND USE . 28Current Land Use Conditions . 28Zoning Code Analysis . 33SECTION VI: COMMUNITY DESIRES . 43October 2, 2018 Workshop Overview . 43Pearl River Days Outreach . 44Visual Preference Survey . 44Results Overview. 44CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS . 46LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 2
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018INTRODUCTIONThe Town of Orangetown seeks a downtown revitalization strategy for the hamlet of Pearl River. Whilethe Town’s Comprehensive Plan identifies opportunities for revitalizing other hamlet centers, Pearl Riveris uniquely positioned for physical and economic rejuvenation. The hamlet’s key assets include arelatively large downtown, a compact urban form with a mix of uses, and excellent rail connectivity toSecaucus Junction and New York City via the Pascack Valley Line. Over the last twenty years, thepopulation has remained roughly stable in terms of total size while becoming more diverse with agrowing Hispanic population joining a large and established Irish community. While the quality of thehamlet’s schools and affordable single-family homes remain a draw for families, Pearl River has alsobeen attracting increasing volumes of millennials seeking an urban lifestyle without New York City realestate prices.At the same time, Pearl River is facing planning challenges that are common for many similarly sizedcommunities in the Hudson Valley. Although housing prices are lower compared to the eastern side ofthe Hudson River, home sales and rents have been rising especially for one-bedroom apartments. Whilerestaurants and bars continue to attract a flow of evening patrons, the neighborhood-scale retailofferings along Central Avenue have become smaller and less diverse in the face of competition fromon-line shopping and Rockland County’s nearby malls. And while the comprehensive plan and its updatecalled for urban design improvements, only minimal infrastructure improvements have beenimplemented in the downtown core over the last decade.The generation of a downtown revitalization strategy would help the Town of Orangetown crystalize along-term vision for enhancing the quality of life for its current and future residents whilesimultaneously unlocking the full economic value of its rail station. Eventually, the Town will also needto craft an implementation plan that specifies zoning changes, infrastructure improvements, and urbandesign enhancements. As the first step toward change, however, this deliverable identifies theopportunity for transit-oriented development at the Pearl River rail station based upon market analysis,land use assessment, and community input.With the completion of the Pearl River TOD Opportunities Analysis, the Town will be able to undertakemore detailed planning as well as implementation steps such as updates to the comprehensive plan,adoption of a form-based code, solicitations to the real estate development community, and pursuit offunding for infrastructure enhancements.SECTION I: GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSISRegional ContextThe hamlet of Pearl River is a census designated place (CDP) located in the town of Orangetown.Orangetown is located within Rockland County, a County in New York State that is situated west of theHudson River and directly north of the New York/ New Jersey border, and extends to the most northernpart of Harriman State Park. The hamlet of Pearl River is in the southernmost part of the county andshares its southern border with Montvale, a town in northern New Jersey.Pearl River is 17 miles north of Manhattan, and typically a 40-minute drive without traffic to midtownManhattan. There are a few commuting options into New York City, including a train on New Jersey’sLAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 3
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Transit Pascack Valley Line to Secaucus Junction and then Pennsylvania Station, or to Hoboken and thenvia the PATH train, both which take around 55 minutes. Some commuters choose to drive 20 minutes toTarrytown’s Metro North station where they can catch a direct 45-minute train to Grand CentralTerminal, and others choose to drive to the Vince Lombardi Service Area of the New Jersey Turnpike (a30-minute drive) to take a New Jersey Transit bus into Port Authority, which is around a 30-minute busride.Local ContextPearl River is a hamlet and a census designated place in Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. PearlRiver is surrounded by the towns of Chestnut Ridge, Nanuet, West Nyack, and Blauvelt in New YorkState. Due south of Pearl River is Montvale, a town in Northern New Jersey. Pearl River is one of 10hamlets and 4 villages in Orangetown.Around half of Pearl River is zoned as residential, and much of its residential area contains single familydetached homes and a few garden apartments. Around three quarters of a square mile is designated asopen space and parkland, and the rest is zoned for commercial. The hamlet does have a downtownwalkable district with a train station that can take passengers to Manhattan.LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 4
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Downtown Pearl RiverPearl River’s downtown core is generally understood as the area between the train station on the west,John Street on the east, Washington Avenue on the north and Franklin Avenue on the south.Unfortunately, there is not a census unit that is sufficiently small to provide accurate statistical data forthis area. The smallest available unit for which reliable data is available is census tract 36080127. Asshown in the map, this area includes the entire downtown core as well as residential areas extending asfar north as Forest Avenue and as far south as the border with New Jersey.LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 5
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Downtown Pearl River Analysis AreaSECTION II: DEMOGRAPHICSThis section examines the demographics of Pearl River’s downtown in terms of the resident population’sages, incomes, races, ethnicities, genders and family situations. Like the other quantitative sections ofthis report, the downtown is compared to both the entire hamlet of Pearl River and Rockland County.Population and Household DemographicsPopulation TrendsBetween 2000 and 2016, Pearl River’s population grew at a much slower pace ( 3.2%) than RocklandCounty ( 12.5%). However, Pearl River’s downtown grew at a much faster pace than Pearl Rivergenerally; its growth is at around three times the rate than the rest of the town.Change in PopulationLocationPearl River DowntownPearl RiverRockland 2012/20164,57216,076322,642Percent Change 2000-2012/201610%3.2%12.5%Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census and 2012/2016 American Community SurveyThere are numerous places in Rockland County that experienced population growth of above 25% since2000. These places include Grand View on Hudson, Monsey, Montebello, Pomona, New Square, andSpring Valley.LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 6
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census and 2012/2016 American Community SurveyHousehold CompositionThere are 1,697 households in Pearl River’s downtown. Around 40% of these households, however, arecomprised of people who are not related to one another. In Pearl River generally and Rockland County,only around 25% of the total households are non-family households.Distribution of Households by TypeTotal HouseholdsFamily HouseholdsNon-family HouseholdsDowntown Pearl River1,6971,02860.6%66939.4%Pearl River5,6454,13873.3%1,50726.7%Rockland County99,03874,00974.7%25,02925.3%Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyOut of downtown Pearl River’s 1,028 family households, a little more than half are families withoutchildren. This breakdown is similar to both the hamlet of Pearl River and Rockland County, wherearound half of the family households do not have children. Downtown Pearl River has a higherproportion of families with a single parent and children compared to the hamlet and county, and apointedly higher proportion of family units with children headed by a single female, with a proportion of12.7% in downtown Pearl River compared to 4.8% in Pearl River generally and 6.8% in the countygenerally.LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 7
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Distribution of Families by TypeDowntown Pearl River1,02851149.7%51750.3%Total FamiliesFamilies with childrenFamilies without childrenMarried with childrenSingle with childrenSingle female with childrenGrandparents with grandchildren3651461313835.5%14.2%12.7%2.2%Pearl River4,1381,95047.1%2,18852.8%Rockland Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyChange in Household TypeThe Downtown’s percentage of families without children has decreased at a faster pace than both PearlRiver and Rockland County. All three geographies have seen growth in households headed by a singleadult with children. Pearl River has experienced a lot of growth with this demographic and grew at 233%since 2000. The downtown area of Pearl River experienced growth at around 62% of this demographic.Percent Change of Households by Family Situation: 2000-2012/20162000Total FamiliesDowntown Pearl River1,052Pearl River4,214Rockland County71,741Without ChildrenDowntown Pearl River583Pearl River2,362Rockland County35,984Single Headed Families with ChildrenDowntown Pearl River90Pearl River136Rockland County5,63420102012/2016Percent 96,4681464536,96362.2%233%23.6%Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyHousehold SizeThe average household size is slightly larger in Pearl River’s downtown than in the hamlet of Pearl River,generally. The gap is much wider in renter occupied households than for owner occupied households.Additionally, the average household size in Rockland County is larger than Pearl River’s averagehousehold size. (This number is high partially due to places with large Hasidic populations like Monsey,Spring Valley, and Spring Valley but there are also in towns throughout Rockland County that havesimilar household sizes, with the average above 3 people in a household.)Average Household Size by Housing TenureDowntownPearlRiverPearl RiverRockland CountyAverage Household SizeRenter Occupied AverageOwner Occupied Average2.682.173.092.833.192.023.253.053.16Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyLAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 8
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018AgeThe percentage of youth is similar in Rockland County, Pearl River, and downtown Pearl River. The youthin Pearl River and its downtown comprise around 23% of the population, while in Rockland County thepercentage is closer to 28%.Population Under Age 18Location20002012/2016Pearl River Downtown22.6%23.4%Pearl River25.2%23.1%28%27.7%Rockland CountySource: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census and 2012/2016 American Community SurveyDowntown Pearl River experienced an increase of more than 4% in the proportion of young adults livingin the area while the hamlet and the County have seen more modest increases.Population Age 18 to 34LocationPearl River Downtown200022%2012/201626.4%Pearl River18.6%19.5%20%20.8%Rockland CountySource: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census and 2012/2016 American Community SurveyThe proportion of the population aged 35 to 64 decreased in downtown Pearl River, the hamlet of PearlRiver, and Rockland County. Downtown Pearl River saw the steepest decrease of around 6%.LocationPopulation Age 35 to 6420002012/1016Pearl River Downtown42.2%36%Pearl River41.9%40.3%Rockland County40.3%36.6%Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census and 2012/2016 American Community SurveyAll three study areas experienced slight increases in the proportion of people ages 65 and older.Rockland County and Pearl River saw increases of around 3% in this age group, while downtown PearlRiver saw only an increase of 1%.Population Age 65 and OlderLocation20002012/2016Pearl River Downtown13.2%14.2%Pearl River14.4%17%Rockland County11.7%14.9%Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census and 2011/2015 American Community SurveyRacial CompositionDowntown Pearl River has higher proportions of the community that are Hispanic or Latino (15.7%) thanthe hamlet of Pearl River (7.8%). The proportion of African Americans living in Rockland County is higher(12.6%) than Pearl River (2.6%) and downtown Pearl River (0.9%). All three study areas have highpercentages of White residents, with the highest proportion of White residents in Pearl River (88.2%).LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 9
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Population by Race and EthnicityRace or EthnicityWhiteBlack or African AmericanAmerican IndianAsianSome other raceTwo or more racesHispanic or LatinoDowntown Pearl 1815.7%Pearl .7%Rockland 027.5%7,8242.4%1,25254,7007.8%17%Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyAncestryPearl River is known for its large Irish population. In 2015, it was reported that Pearl River was the placewith the most Irish residents in New York State.1 Pearl River has a large St. Patrick’s Day Parade, multipleschools for Irish dance and music, and Irish named bars in its downtown. Pearl River is also home to alarge Italian population, with 20% of its residents reporting Italian ancestry.Reported ricanDutchDowntown Pearl rl 532%Rockland 1,8327%2,4241%Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyIncome LevelsHousehold IncomeAcross all indicators of income, downtown Pearl River has lower incomes than the hamlet of Pearl River.Downtown Pearl River’s income levels more closely resemble Rockland County. The median income inPearl River is around 20% higher than the median income in downtown Pearl River.Population Level IncomesIncome MeasureDowntown Pearl RiverPearl RiverRockland CountyMedian household income 82,708 101,995 86,134Mean household income 96,760 125,809 111,647Per Capita Income 37,132 44,959 35,557Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community Survey1Rosen, Kamran. “Most Irish Place in New York.” Nerdwallet, March 16, 2015. -new-york2015/?trk location ssrp&trk query pearl%20river&trk page 1&trk position 1LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 10
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Change in Median Household IncomeAlthough median household income has increased in the downtown, the Hamlet, and the County sincethe year 2000, incomes grew fastest in the downtown as a whole and slowest in Rockland County.Change in Median Household IncomeLocationPearl River DowntownPearl RiverRockland County2000 54,441 76,692 76,6922012/2016 82,708 101,995 86,134Change 2000-2012/201651.92%32.99%26.72%Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census and ACS dataIncome by Household CompositionMarried-couple families in Pearl River have the highest median income of any family situation. Familiesin downtown Pearl River have incomes more similar to Rockland County than to Pearl River. The medianincome of all families in downtown Pearl River is around 18% lower than the town of Pearl River, but just4% higher than Rockland County. The median income of families headed by single females, however, isover 50% less in downtown Pearl River than in Rockland County.Median Income by Household CompositionAll FamiliesWith biological children under 18With no biological children under 18Married-couple familiesMedian Income of Family headed bysingle female with childrenDowntown Pearl River 105,952 104,188 106,726 118,466 14,398Pearl River 125,286 130,278 119,919 132,088NARockland County 101,398 96,078 105,151 111,119 33,973Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyIncome by RaceThe median income for White and Asian households in downtown Pearl River is lower than the medianincome for White and Asian Households in the Hamlet and Rockland County. The median Hispanic orLatino household earns over 50% less than the median White household in downtown Pearl River andthe town of Pearl River. The median household income for Asians is 20,000 less in downtown PearlRiver than in the town of Pearl River, and almost 50,000 than the median income for Asians in RocklandCounty.Median Income by RaceRaceWhiteBlack or African AmericanAsianHispanic or LatinoDowntown Pearl River 85,801[X] 66,625Pearl River 102,929 121,076 84,306Rockland County 88,939 73,174 115,234 36,250 37,731 58,998Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyIncome by Housing TenureThe wealth in all three geographies is concentrated with homeowners. The median income for renters isaround 40,000 in all three geographies, though slightly higher in Pearl River than both downtown PearlRiver and Rockland County.LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 11
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Median Income by Housing TenureOwner Occupied HouseholdRenter Occupied HouseholdDowntown Pearl River 110,357 39,673Pearl River 120,877 42,009Rockland County 111,302 38,894Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyIncome by AgeOver 60% of householders between the ages of 25 and 44 earn over 100,000 a year in Pearl River. Indowntown Pearl River and in Rockland County, around 40% of the same age cohort earns above 100,000. Older householders in Pearl River are more likely to earn lower incomes and less likely to earnhigh incomes than older householders in Rockland County as a whole.Income by AgeIncomeTotal:Householder 25 to 44 years:Under 25,000 25,000 to 50,000 50,000 to 75,000 75,000 to 100,000 100,000 or moreHouseholder 45 to 64 years:Under 25,000 25,000 to 50,000 50,000 to 75,000 75,000 to 100,000 100,000 or moreHouseholder 65 years and over:Under 25,000 25,000 to 50,000 50,000 to 75,000 75,000 to 100,000 100,000 or moreDowntown Pearl 7.8%5916.8%8624.4%9012.6%5816.5%Pearl land 521.2%3,95714.8%5,65713.3%8,07230.3%Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyIncome of Pearl River ResidentsMost residents of Pearl River earn over 3,333 a month. The downtown area of Pearl River has slightlymore residents that earn under 1,250 a month.Incomes of Those Living in Pearl RiverDowntown Pearl RiverMonthly Earnings 1,250 per month or less 1,251 to 3,333 per monthMore than 3,333 per monthPearl River# of workers% of workers# of workers% of %19.6%63.5%Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics – Origin Destination Employment StatisticsLAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 12
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Poverty LevelsThe percentage of people living in poverty has increased since 2000 in all three geographies. DowntownPearl River has a higher concentration of people living in Pearl River than in the hamlet of Pearl River,generally.People Living in PovertyLocationDowntownPearlRiverPearl RiverRockland %9.5%1,09146,1286.8%14.5%Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyOver 65% of those living in poverty in downtown Pearl River are African American, and over 40% areHispanic. White people comprise only 8% of the population living in poverty in downtown Pearl River. Inthe hamlet of Pearl River generally, African Americans comprise around 20% of the population living inpoverty, and on the county level, the percentage is closer to 10.Poverty Levels by Race and EthnicityDowntown Pearl River469%8.2%66.8%Pearl River1,091%6.1%20.8%Rockland County46,128%15.3%10.4%Asian6.2%2.2%3.8%Hispanic or Latino41.1%26.2%19%Total in PovertyRace or EthnicityWhiteAfrican AmericanSource: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyEmployment CharacteristicsIndustry of ResidentsThe industries of Pearl River residents are quite diverse; no industry has a percentage above 16% of thePearl River resident population. The leading industries of Pearl River residents are Educational Services,Health Care and Social Assistance, Retail, and Professional Services.Industry of Pearl River ResidentsIndustryTotal:Health Care and Social AssistanceRetail TradeEducational ServicesProfessional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesAccommodation and Food ServicesConstructionFinance and InsuranceReal Estate and Rental Leasing IndustriesPublic AdministrationDowntown Pearl 07.5%1636.8%1636.8%1526.4%Pearl 6.7%8.9%4.9%8.6%6.5%6.5%8.3%LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 13
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018Administrative and Support/ Waste Management ServicesOther Services (excluding Public ion and Warehousing and UtilitiesWholesale TradeArts, Entertainment, and 4%Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics – Origin Destination Employment StatisticsCommuting PatternsAround one quarter of Pearl River residents who work commute to New York City. One tenth of workingPearl River residents are employed within Pearl River. Downtown residents who work in Pearl Riverprimarily work outside of the downtown area, with over 10% of downtown workers working in PearlRiver outside of the downtown and less than 5% staying in the downtown area to work.Location of Employment: Pearl River ResidentsTotal:New York City, NYPearl River CDP, NYNanuet CDP, NYOrangeburg CDP, NYMontvale Borough, NJNew City CDP, NYWest Nyack CDP, NYNyack Village, NYBlauvelt CDP, NYWhite Plains City, NYAll Other LocationsDowntown Pearl 4%492.3%442.1%331.6%321.5%95444.8%Pearl .7%11.4%3.4%2.5%2.1%3.4%NA1.6%2.1%1.6%45.7%Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics – Origin Destination Employment StatisticsMode ChoiceThe majority of residents in downtown Pearl River commute to work via private car (67%). However,those that live in downtown Pearl River, compared to Pearl River generally, are more likely to commutevia public transportation, walk, or carpool to work.Means of Transportation to Work: Downtown Pearl River vs. Pearl RiverMode:Total:Drove aloneCarpoolPublic TransportationWalkedWorked from HomeDowntown Pearl River#%2,3361,56967%33814%22610%703%1034%Pearl River#7,7495,765713645132396%74%9%8%2%5%Source: US Census Bureau, 2012/2016 American Community SurveyWhile recent trends demonstrate that millennials are forsaking cars in favor of public transportation, indowntown Pearl River, the majority of public transit users to work are between the ages of 45-54.Workers between the ages of 25-44 in comprise around 38% of the downtown Pearl River workingpopulation, but only represent 17% of the downtown’s commuters via public transit.LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 14
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018SECTION III: ECONOMIC & FISCAL CONDITIONSEconomic BaseMajor Employers in Pearl RiverPearl River’s major employers include: NuAge Industries: An Information Technology consulting company located in Blue Hill Plaza in thedowntown area.Seailo Manufacturing Industries: a company that specializes in precision metalworking includingfirearms and other manufacturing services.Pfizer: One of Pfizer’s major research arms is in Pearl River and employs over 750 people workingin vaccine and oncology research and development.Types of Jobs Located in Pearl RiverAround 30% of jobs in Pearl River are in Manufacturing and Construction. Another leading sector isInformation. Other sectors that provide over 500 jobs include Administration and Support, EducationalServices, Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, Retail, and Health Care.Jobs Located in Pearl ctionAdministration & Support, Waste Management and RemediationEducational ServicesProfessional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesHealth Care and Social AssistanceRetail TradeAccommodation and Food ServicesWholesale TradeTransportation and WarehousingOther Services (excluding Public Administration)Finance and InsuranceManagement of Companies and EnterprisesArts, Entertainment, and RecreationUtilitiesReal Estate and Rental and LeasingAgriculture, Forestry, Fishing and HuntingPublic %0.0%Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics – Origin Destination Employment StatisticsLAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 15
PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANA
Nov 23, 2018 · PEARL RIVER TOD OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS – UPDATED NOVEMBER 23, 2018 LAND USE LAW CENTER & KEVIN DWARKA LLC 5 Downtown Pearl River Pearl River’s downtown core is generally understood as the area between the train station on the west, John Street on the east, Washington Avenue on the north and Franklin Avenue on the south.
Membership function plots TOD 1 TOD 2 TOD 3 TOD 4 Plot points: 181 1 0.5 0 Input variable TOD 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 181 F : Membershipfunction of TOD. Four die rent times of day (TOD) in terms of -minute metering time interval is taken for the whole day and represented by four triangles membership function curves as shown in Figure
Color Chart for #54 & #56 Series 1 Clear Glitter Tipped Tri Colors: 2 Yellow 4 Pink/Pearl 5 Red/Pearl 7 Yellow/Pearl 8 Green/Chart. 9 Chart. Glitter 10 Chartreuse 11 Red/Chart. 13 Blue/Cl. Glitter 14 Purple/Pearl 15 Black/Pearl 18 White/Chart. 19 Pearl 20 Blue/Pearl 21 Blue/Chart. 22 Blk./Chart. Glitter 23 Blk./Chart. 34-3 Blue/Pearl/Cl. Glitter
2020-2022 Pearl River Community College Catalog 1 The Pearl River Community College district includes six counties: Jefferson Davis, Forrest, Marion, Lamar, Pearl River, and Hancock.
Mad River rinity Salmon Redwood eek Scott Shasta River River River River River River River Crater Lake Spring Creek Summer Lake gue Sprague Upper Klamath Lake Illinois TH RIVER W i l l i a m s o n R i v e r ood River A-Canal OREGON CALIFORNIA 0 50 100 KILOMETERS 050100 MILES Chiloquin Yreka Fort Jones Seiad Valley Agness Prospect Somes Bar .
R Oh i o I R l i n o i s R i v e I o w a R Gulf of Mexico Mississippi River!! MSSP-CL IOWA-WAP Iowa River Illinois River Missouri River Ohio River Arkansas River!!!!! ILLI-VC MSSP-GR MIZZ-HE MSSP-TH MSSP-OUT OHIO-GRCH Gulf of Mexico!!! Red River Atchafalaya River Mississippi River Tarbert Landing, Miss. St. Francisville, La.
Sep 06, 2016 · Mosdos Press CLEVELAND, OHIO àxÜtàâÜxMOSDOSOSDOS PRESSRESS PEARL E d u c a t o r s trans m i t t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e v a l u e s a n d a c a d e m i c e x c e l l e n c e Mosdos Press 001-006 Pearl 6th:001-006 Pearl 6th 1/22/07 10:26 PM Page 1
Mr. Pearl and his son, Gary, who has served as . the President and CEO since 1998, have evolved Pearl Insurance into today's multifaceted Pearl Companies. Despite its tremendous growth, Pearl Insurance has remained committed to designing, administering, and marketing insurance programs for membership organizations, affinity groups, and .
Designed by Cardiff Archaeological Illustration and Design Software: Adobe Creative Suite 6 Design Premium EXCAVATIONS AT CAERAU HILLFORT, CARDIFF, SOUTH WALES, 2014 National Primary Reference Number (NPRN) 94517 Cadw Scheduled Ancient Monument No. GM018. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Background 3 3. Previous Archaeological Work 7 4. Project Aims & Objectives 9 5. Excavation Methodology 13 6 .
