CLASS OBJECTIVE: What Factors Influence Prenatal . - MCCC
Chapter 9- Life Span Development ICLASS OBJECTIVE:What factors influence prenataldevelopment?1Test Your Knowledge!True or False?‐Most babies are born healthy and most hazards canbe avoided.‐There are very few prenatal factors that can harm adeveloping person.‐Prenatal exposure to a dangerous substance is onlyharmful in the first trimester of the pregnancy.‐Research has proven that drinking alcohol (in any2amount) during pregnancy is safe.Is the prenatal environment thatimportant?‐YES! There are many factors that cannegatively impact the developingperson.‐aresubstances that can lead to birth defectsor even death during the prenatalperiod.31
What are some factors that wouldinfluence prenatal development?‐‐Almost anything can impact adeveloping fetus4It’s all about timing ‐The effect of a teratogen is very personal becausethe impact depends on the timing of exposure.‐is thetime when a particular organ or body part isthe most susceptible to damage‐Different teratogens can cause damage atdifferent times during development and each562
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)‐This syndrome is caused by a motherdrinking‐Heavy drinking during the secondtrimester seems to cause more features ofFAS.‐Particularly weeks 10-207What does FAS look like?‐Facial Characteristics‐Flattened features‐Low-set ears‐Down syndrome-like appearance8Facial abnormalities are anobvious indicator of FAS‐‐Small, widely-spaced eyes‐Prolongation of the fold of theupper eyelid‐A short, upturned nose‐‐Thin upper lip93
‐Approximately 10,000 infants are borneach year with physical or cognitivedisabilities associated with maternaldrinking (Jacobson, 1997).‐Every 1 in 750 births10The presence of alcohol in the fetus’sbloodstream triggersNormal brain of6-week-old babyBrain of 6-week-oldbaby with FAS11When is the CNS most vulnerable?124
How do infants experience theworld?Objectives:What senses do newborn babies have?What are Primary Reflexes?13After birth the period of Infancybegins14Infants are born with innateprimary reflexes:‐‐Indicate whether the newborn’s nervous system isworking properly.‐They can also be used to assess developmentduring infancy155
The Primary Reflexes1.The Babinski Reflex causes the toes to fan when the sole of thefoot is touched.2.The Moro reflex causes the newborn to stretch out thearms and legs and cry in response to a loud noise.3.In the Rooting reflex, the head is turned toward a touch onlips or cheek.4.The Sucking reflex will reflexively occur in response to fingeror nipple in mouth.5.The Grasping reflex causes newborn to grasp any objecttouching the palm or fingers.16How we develop attachment?Ch.10-Life Span Development II17CLASS OBJECTIVES-What is attachment?-How and why do we developattachment relationships?186
What was Your firstattachment relationship?19The first special relationshipwe experience developsIt is believed that this relationship willinfluence the development of ourfuture relationships20What is Attachment?‐A close emotional bond that is “personspecific” and is enduring across time.217
How do you know an infantis attached to someone?Infants show their attachment through22How does love developbetween mother andchild?Harry Harlow studied the impact ofsecurity and “contact comfort” on infantattachment.23Harry Harlow (1959)“The Monkey Love experiments”Harlow evaluated whether‐The young animals were“raised” by two kinds ofsurrogate monkey mothermachines.One mother was made ofsoft terry cloth, the othermade of wire mesh248
“Monkey Love Experiments”‐Harlow's research showed that theneed forcreated a stronger bond betweenmother and infant than did physicalneeds (food).25Harlow’s work suggestedthat the development of achild’s love for their caregiverwas26What does this mean for humans?‐Harlow showed that the development ofattachment was closely associated‐‐It is difficult or impossible to compensate for the loss of initialemotional securityFurther experiments on abusive conditionsshowed that no matter how abusive the “IronMaidens” were, the baby monkeys always cameback and displayed affection towards them.‐Even in the face of abuse, the need for lovewas overwhelming279
What happened to these monkeys?‐Monkeys raised without their mothers weresocially maladjusted the rest of their lives.‐‐“When confronted with fear, they displayedautistic and institutionalized behaviorsthrowing themselves on the floor, clutchedthemselves, rocked back and forth, andscreamed in terror.”They were incapable of having sexual relationsand they were also unable to parent theiroffspring, either abusing or neglecting them.28"Not even in our mostdevious dreams could wehave designed a surrogateas evil as these real monkeymothers were."29Did Harlow’s work influence oursociety?True or false?‐Less than 50 years ago parentswere told by doctors that rockingor picking up a crying infant could“damage” them.3010
True or False?Lack of attachment can be madeup for later in life by a lot ofcontact with peers‐31It is beneficial to place anewborn directly on itsmother's belly after birth32The Quality of Attachment‐Based on how the infant reacts toseparation from the caregiver and thereunion by using a procedure known asthe Strange Situation.‐Ainsworth (1993) and others haveidentified 4 basic types of attachmentrelationships1.2.3.4.Secure ure/Disorganized3311
3435Next ClassHow does our thinking develop?-Cognitive development3612
6 16 The Primary Reflexes 1. The Babinski Reflex causes the toes to fan when the sole of the foot is touched. 2. The Moro reflex causes the newborn to stretch out the arms and legs and cry in response to a loud noise. 3. In the Rooting reflex, the head is turned toward a touch on lips or cheek. 4. The Sucking reflex will reflexively occur in response to finger
1 Introduction to the Objective-C Interface 6 1.1 Introduction 6 1.2 Objective-C data types 6 1.3 Invoking Objective-C methods 7 1.4 Defining Objective-C classes and methods 12 2 Objective-C Reference 18 alloc-init-object 18 autorelease 18 can-invoke-p 19 coerce-to-objc-class 20 coerce-to-selector 21 current-super 21 define-objc-class 22
This Action Plan covers mental health and mental disorders across the life-course. It does not include substance use disorders. Table 1. Matrix: interface between Health 2020 and European Mental Health Action Plan Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Objective 6 Objective 7 Inequities and social determinants 4 Governance 4
mix were predominantly the major factors influencing the consumers ¶ decision to buy. These was based on durable goods, such as televisions fridge, motor vehicle and etc. Kotler and Armstrong (2007) conducted a research to study factors affecting consumer buying behavior. Amongst all the factors, physical factors, social factors, cultural factors
0.1 to 0.2 in sands. Therefore, the authors derived the strain influence factors for ν 0.1 and 0.2 using linear elastic model in FLAC. Figure 3 shows the effect of Poisson's ratio on the strain influence factors in circular and strip footings. Figure 3. Effect of Poisson's ratio on strain influence factor diagrams- a) circular footing,
several kinds of factors: (1) individual factors (per ceptions, self-image, peers); (2) social factors (societal norms); (3) environmental factors, such as advertising and economics; and (4) cultural factors, such as traditional uses of tobacco, acculturation, and the historical context of the tobacco industry in various communities.
is the amount of rth objective in the optimal solution and q r is the proportional satisfaction amount of rth objective relative to the normalizing factor. The objective function, maximizes multi-dimensional utility summed across all objectives. Each objective is weighted. The second equation sums the level of each objective into the variable gl r
After distinguishing motivational factors from satisfaction factors, motivational factors should be maintained in a list for further processing while satisfaction factors should be ignored. Step 3: Factors that are not being fulfilled at work place should be short listed. These are the factors that need to be addressed in order to improve the
The general objective of the study will be to establish the financial factors that influence the performance of cooperative Societies in Juja Sub County in Kiambu Kenya. 1.3.1 Specific objective. 1. To determine whether credit policy has an effect on financial performance of the cooperative societies
