Unit 4 Cell Transport Study Guide - Weebly

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KEYName:CP Biology Unit 4 Cell Transport Study GuideVocabulary to know:CellsCell membraneCell oteGolgi ryoteRibosomeRough ERSmooth ERVacuoleTransportActive Facilitated DiffusionHypertonicHypotonicIsotonicOsmosisPassive TransportPhospholipid TailProtein Channel(Transport Protein)Semi-PermeableMembrane1. Match the organelle with its function and draw a picture of what it looks like in the cell.(continued on back)PictureOrganelle1. Nucleus HFunctionA. Make energy for the cell from sugar2. EndoplasmicReticulum LB. Cleans the cell by using digestive enzymes.3. Ribosome JC. Provides support for plant cells.4. Golgi apparatus ED. Liquid substance that fills the majority of the cell andholds the organelles in place.5. Lysosome BE. Transports proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates aroundthe cell.6. Mitochondria AF. Creates sugars from sunlight.7. Chloroplasts FG. Provides structure and helps move proteins aroundthe cell.8. Cytoplasm DH. Contains the genetic material of the cell.9. Cytoskeleton GI.A membrane bound space used for storage ortransport in/out of the cell.10. Vacuoles IJ.Creates proteins.

11. Cell Wall CK. Separates the internal and external environment of acell.12. Cell Membrane KL. Creates, packages and releases proteins and lipids.13. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:a. Similarities: All cells have ribosomes and a cell membrane. Both may be unicellular.b. Differences: Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, may bemulticellular. Prokaryotic Cells are more basic and do not have a nucleus or membranebound organelles14. Compare animal and plant cells:a. Similarities: Plant and animal cells both of many of the same organelles- nucleus, ribosomes,ER, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, and mitochondriab. Differences: Only plant cells have vacuoles, a cell wall, chloroplasts, and chlorophyll15. What can the different types and numbers of organelles in a cell tell us about a cells function? Givean example.The different types and numbers of organelles determine what the cell is used for. For example,Muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells, because muscles require more energy.Additionally, onion cells do not have chloroplasts because they are under the ground and do notperform photosynthesis.16. Draw and label the cell membrane. Include the following:phospholipid head, fatty acid tails, phospholipid bilayer, transport proteins, polar area, nonpolar area, inside of cell, outside of cell17. What does it mean that the cell membrane is "semi-permeable”?It allows some things, such as water, to pass freely through, while preventing other things, suchas sugar or salt, from passing through.

18. Compare passive and active transport:a. Similarities: Both move nutrients and waste across the cell membrane to help the cellmaintain homeostasis.b. Differences: Passive transport DOES NOT require energy while active transport REQUIRESenergy.19. Explain each type of passive transport and indicate how it is unique.Type of PassiveHow it worksTransportDiffusionSubstances move from an area of highconcentration to an area of lowconcentrationWhy it is uniqueThe most common form ofpassive transportOsmosisA type of diffusion; water moves across the Movement across a semicell membrane to an area of high solutespermeable membraneFacilitatedDiffusionA transport protein binds to a specificmolecule, allowing it to pass through theprotein channel20. Explain each type of active transport and indicate how it is unique.Type ActiveHow it worksTransportSodium-Potassium The pump binds to 3 sodium ions and anPumpATP. The channel changes shape andsodium pass outside the cell. Next 2potassium bind, and are moved in insideEndocytosisThe membrane forms a pouch, or vesiclearound the substance, allowing it to passinsideMovement is “facilitated”or helped by proteinsWhy it is uniqueMaterial is moved againstthe concentration gradientMoves large substancesinside the cellExocytosisA vesicle and the cell fuse, allowing asubstance to pass outside the cell.Moves large substancesoutside the cellMembranereceptor ProteinsA signal molecules binds to a receptorprotein, change permeability, sendingmessengers, or initiating enzyme actionReceptor proteins will onlybond with a specificsubstance21. Explain what the following solutions are and draw how a cell is affected.a. Hypotonic: There is a greater concentration of solutes inside the cell, so water flows into thecell, causing it to swell.

b. Hypertonic: There is a greater concentration of solutes outside the cell, so water flows out ofthe cell, causing it to shrink.c. Isotonic: There are equal concentrations of solutes on both sides, so overall, there is nochange.22. What can cross the cell membrane through osmosis? (circle one):SALTSUGARWATERPROTEIN23. The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%. Sucrose cannot pass through the cellmembrane, but water can.a. If the concentration of solutes outside the cell is 15%, what would happen to the cell?The cell would shrink because water would flow out, to where there is a higherconcentration of solutes.b. What type of solution would this be in comparison to the cell?This solution would be hypertonic24. At equilibrium, how many molecule will be found on either side of the semi-permeable membrane?3 4 molecules, there is not an equal number, so one will move back and forth.25. Which direction would water molecules move in the following diagram?There is more water and less solutes on the right, so water molecules would move from right to left.26. Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion and solute pumping (active transport).a. Similarities: Both move ions and polar molecules across the membrane, both requirechannel proteins.

b. Differences: Facilitated diffusion: passive transport-ions and polar substances across themembrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration so no energyis required.Solute Pumping: active transport-ions and polar substances across the membrane fromareas of low concentration to areas of high concentration so it requires the cell to useenergy to move them.27. What is homeostasis?Homeostasis is the ability for the body to have a steady internal environment despite the changingexternal environment.28. For the following situation, answer the questions and then fill in the boxes on the feedback loop.There are several mechanisms helping to control your blood pressure. One is the baroreceptorreflex. Here, baroreceptors found in the arterial walls monitor the pressure exerted on theartery. When the blood pressure is too high, the baroreceptors send a signal to a part of the medullain the brain. Here a series of signals are set in motion which ultimately adjusts the force and speedof the heart’s contractions returning the blood pressure back to normal.A. What is the stimulus?The blood pressure gets too high.B. What is the response?Lowers the blood pressure back to a normal range.Control Center: Medulla in thebrain.Receptor: Baroreceptors in bloodvessels.Change Detected:Blood pressureincreases.Effector: Signal to the heart.Response: Slows theheart rate and decreasesforce of contraction todecrease blood pressure.C. Explain how homeostasis is restored.The baroreceptors in the cell detect the change. The signal is sent to the brain where the brain respondsby sending a signal to the heart to decrease the force of contraction and the speed of contractions. Bothof these things reduce the blood pressure back to normal levels.

Transport Active Transport Diffusion Endocytosis Equilibrium Exocytosis Facilitated Diffusion Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic Osmosis Passive Transport Phospholipid Tail Protein Channel (Transport Protein) Semi-Permeable Membrane 1. Match the organelle with its function and draw a pictu

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