2. Batteries R&D - Energy.gov
2019 ANNUAL MERIT REVIEW, VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE2.Batteries R&DTo strengthen national security, promote future economic growth, support American energy dominance, andincrease transportation energy affordability for Americans, the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) funds earlystage, high-risk research. This research will generate knowledge that industry can advance to deploy innovativeenergy technologies to support affordable, secure, reliable, and efficient transportation systems acrossAmerica. VTO leverages the unique capabilities and world-class expertise of the National Laboratory system todevelop new innovations in electrification, including advanced battery technologies; advanced combustionengines and fuels, including co-optimized systems; advanced materials for lighter-weight vehicle structures andbetter powertrains; and energy efficient mobility technologies and systems, including automated andconnected vehicles as well as innovations in connected infrastructure for significant systems-level energyefficiency improvement. VTO is uniquely positioned to address early-stage challenges due to its strategicresearch partnerships with industry (e.g., the U.S. DRIVE and 21st Century Truck Partnerships) that leveragerelevant technical and market expertise. These partnerships prevent duplication of effort, focus DOE researchon the most critical research and development (R&D) barriers, and accelerate progress. The partnerships helpVTO focus on research that industry does not have the technical capability to undertake on its own—usuallybecause there is a high degree of scientific or technical uncertainty or it is too far from market realization tomerit sufficient industry emphasis and resources. At the same time, VTO works with industry to ensure thereare pathways for technology transfer from government to industry so that Federally-supported innovations havean opportunity to make their way into commercial application.The Battery Technologies R&D (BAT) subprogram funds research programs with partners in academia,National Laboratories, and industry, focusing on generating knowledge of high-energy and high-power batterymaterials and battery systems that can support industry to significantly reduce the cost, weight, volume, andcharge time of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) batteries. Advanced Battery Materials Research focuses on earlystage research of new lithium-ion cathode, anode, and electrolyte materials, which currently account for 50%–70% of PEV battery cost. This work will be carried out through competitively selected, cost-shared projects, inaddition to research conducted as part of the Lithium Battery Recycling Prize and National Laboratory-ledRecycling Center launched in fiscal year 2019. Additionally, the subprogram will continue the Battery500research consortium, which focuses on developing “beyond lithium-ion” technologies that have the potential tosignificantly reduce weight, volume, and cost by three times ( 80/kWh). New research supports batteries andelectrification in large trucks, which may require unique technology based on the charging patterns, dailyusage, range, and overall length of vehicle life.The Advanced Battery Cell R&D effort focuses on early-stage R&D of new battery cell technology thatcontains new materials and electrodes that can reduce the overall battery cost, weight, and volume whileimproving energy, life, safety, and fast charging. This activity also supports high-fidelity battery performance,life, fast charging, and safety testing of innovative battery technologies at the National Laboratories and thelithium-ion battery recycling center.The Behind the Meter Storage (BTMS) effort focuses on innovative solutions capable of mitigating potentialgrid impacts of PEV high-power charging systems, such as critical materials-free battery energy storagetechnologies. Solutions in the 1–10 MWh range will support optimal charging system design, eliminatepotential grid impacts of high-power PEV charging systems, and lower installation costs and costs to theconsumer. Efforts will include research and development of advanced power electronics and controls to assureseamless integration of energy storage, vehicle charging, and behind-the-meter power transmission.Batteries R&D2-1
Project FeedbackIn this merit review activity, each reviewer was asked to respond to a series of questions, involving multiplechoice responses, expository responses where text comments were requested, and numeric score responses (ona scale of 1.0 to 4.0). In the pages that follow, the reviewer responses to each question for each project will besummarized: the multiple choice and numeric score questions will be presented in graph form for each project,and the expository text responses will be summarized in paragraph form for each question. A table presentingthe average numeric score for each question for each project is presented below.Table 2-1 – Project FeedbackPresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat028Materials BenchmarkingActivities for Cell Analysis,Modeling, and Prototyping(CAMP) Facility †Wenquan Lu(ANL)2-113.203.103.602.903.16bat030Cell Analysis, Modeling,and Prototyping (CAMP)Facility ResearchActivities †Steve Trask(ANL)2-163.703.503.703.403.56bat054First PrinciplesCalculations of Existingand Novel ElectrodeMaterialsGerbrand al ProcessesRobert ting andUnderstanding NovelElectrode Materials fromFirst PrinciplesKristin Persson(LBNL)2-283.633.633.883.503.64bat164Thick, Low-Cost, HighPower Lithium-IonElectrodes via AqueousProcessing †Jianlin Li (ORNL)2-323.423.423.673.333.44bat183In Situ Spectroscopy ofSolvothermal Synthesis ofNext-Generation CathodeMaterialsFeng Wang(BNL)2-383.753.503.503.633.58bat207Toward SolventlessProcessing of ThickElectron-Beam (EB) CuredLithium-Ion BatteryCathodes †David Wood(ORNL)2-413.303.003.303.403.162-2Batteries R&D
2019 ANNUAL MERIT REVIEW, VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES OFFICEPresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat220Addressing Heterogeneityin Electrode FabricationProcesses †Dean Wheeler(Brigham l SystemDiagnostics for HighEnergy CathodeDevelopmentGuoying Chen(LBNL)2-483.603.703.603.403.63bat226Microscopy Investigationof the Fading Mechanismof Electrode MaterialsChongmin ured Design ofSulfur Cathode for HighEnergy Lithium-SulfurBatteriesYi Cui High-Energy LithiumBatteries for ElectricVehicles †Herman Lopez(Zenlabs Energy,Inc.)2-613.383.383.383.133.34bat252Enabling High-Energy,High-Voltage Lithium-IonCells for TransportationApplications: ProjectCompletion Highlights,Part IJason Croy (ANL)2-653.603.503.603.503.54bat253Enabling High-Energy,High-Voltage Lithium-IonCells for TransportationApplications: ProjectCompletion Highlights,Part IIDan Abraham(ANL)2-693.503.503.603.753.54bat263PPG: Electrodeposition forLow-Cost, Water-BasedElectrode ManufacturingStuart rformanceLithium-Ion BatteryAnodes from ElectrospunNanoparticle/ConductingPolymer NanofibersPeter 3.00Batteries R&D2-3
PresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat265Development ofUltraviolet Curable BinderTechnology to ReduceManufacturing Cost andImprove Performance ofLithium-Ion BatteryElectrodesJohn rusion (CoEx) forCost Reduction ofAdvanced High-Energyand-Power BatteryElectrode ManufacturingRanjeet ion of HighCapacity BatteryElectrodesYi Cui (SLAC)2-893.173.253.252.923.19bat275Lithium DendritePrevention for LithiumBatteries †Wu Xu (PNNL)2-933.673.503.503.673.56bat276Mechanical Properties atthe Protected LithiumInterfaceNancy Dudney(ORNL)2-963.603.703.603.673.66bat280Novel Chemistry: LithiumSelenium and SeleniumSulfur Couple †Khalil nt of HighEnergy Lithium-SulfurBatteries †Dongping Lu(PNNL)2-1043.503.403.603.253.43bat286Lithium-Air Batteries †Khalil Amine(ANL)2-1093.674.003.833.833.88bat293A Closed-Loop Process forEnd-of-Life Electric VehicleLithium-Ion Batteries †Yan Wang (WPI)2-1123.703.603.603.503.61bat296Development andValidation of a SimulationTool to Predict theCombined Structural,Electrical,Electrochemical, andThermal Responses ofAutomotive Batteries †Chulheung Bae(Ford)2-1163.503.383.383.253.392-4Batteries R&D
2019 ANNUAL MERIT REVIEW, VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES OFFICEPresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat298Efficient Simulation ofMechanicalElectrochemical-ThermalAbuse Phenomena inLithium-Ion Batteries 53.41bat299MicrostructureCharacterization andModeling for ImprovedElectrode Design †Kandler um for AdvancedBattery Simulation:Development ofComputationalFramework for BatteryAnalysis under ExtremeConditions †Srikanth Allu(ORNL)2-1273.253.003.252.883.08bat309Electrode MaterialsDesign and FailurePredictionVenkatSrinivasan (ANL)2-1313.753.753.883.383.72bat310Advancing Solid-StateInterfaces in Lithium-IonBatteries †Nenad tanding andMitigating InterfacialReactivity BetweenElectrode and Electrolyte†Dusan ed Lithium-IonBattery Technology: HighVoltage ElectrolyteJoe Sunstrom(Daikin America)2-1433.103.003.002.903.01bat319Advanced Microscopy andSpectroscopy for Probingand Optimizing ElectrodeElectrolyte †Shirley Meng(University ofCalifornia at t of IonConducting InorganicNanofibers and Polymers†Nianqiang Wu(West ies R&D2-5
PresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat322High Conductivity andFlexible Hybrid Solid-StateElectrolyteEric Wachsman(University ming ThinInterphases andElectrodes Enabling 3-DStructured High EnergyDensity Batteries †Glenn 13bat326Self-Assembling and SelfHealing RechargeableLithium BatteriesYet-Ming ing Approachesto Dendrite-Free LithiumAnodesPrashant Kumta(University te-GrowthMorphology Modeling inLiquid and SolidElectrolytes †Yue Qi (MichiganState nding andStrategies for ControlledInterfacial Phenomena inLithium-Ion Batteries andBeyondPerla Balbuena(Texas rochemicallyResponsive, Self-Formed,Lithium-Ion Conductorsfor High-PerformanceLithium-Metal AnodesDonghai Wang(Penn h Electrode LoadingElectric Vehicle Cell †MohamedTaggougui treme Fast ChargingCell DevelopmentOverviewVenkatSrinivasan (ANL)2-1893.603.403.803.503.51bat339Impact of Anode Designon Fast-ChargeApplicationsKandler Smith(NREL)2-1943.633.383.633.253.452-6Batteries R&D
2019 ANNUAL MERIT REVIEW, VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES OFFICEPresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat340Impact of ChargingProtocols on CellDegradationDennis t of HighPerformance Lithium-IonCell Technology forElectric VehicleApplications †Keith Kepler(Farasis Energy)2-2023.253.133.633.133.22bat356Lithium-Ion CellManufacturing UsingDirectly Recycled ActiveMaterials †Mike Slater(Farasis Energy)2-2063.302.802.902.882.95bat357Thicker Cathode Coatingsfor Lithium-Ion ElectricVehicle Batteries †Stuart izing Lithium-MetalAnode by Interfacial LayerZhenan .47bat370Advanced Diagnostics ofNickel-Rich, LayeredOxide Secondary ParticlesWilliam 03.53bat371Understanding ElectrodeScale and ElectrolyteEffects During FastChargeAndrew inciples Modelingand Design of Solid-StateInterfaces for theProtection and Use ofLithium-Metal Anodes †Gerbrand Ceder(University ofCalifornia bilizingCathode/ElectrolyteInterface by NewElectrolyte DesignJohn on RecyclingCenter 03.61bat379Direct Cathode-toCathode EffortsJohn Vaughey(ANL)2-2403.503.603.503.403.54Batteries R&D2-7
PresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat380Other MaterialsSeparationKris Pupek(ANL)2-2443.383.383.383.503.39bat381Design For RecyclingJianlin Li (ORNL)2-2483.333.173.503.333.27bat382Modeling and Analysis forRecyclingQaing Dai (ANL)2-2513.333.173.003.503.23bat383Understanding the Impactof Local HeterogeneitiesDuring Fast ChargeEric Dufek (INL)2-2543.503.253.633.133.34bat386Extreme Fast Charge CellEvaluation of Lithium-Ion(XCEL) BatteriesVenkatSrinivasan (ANL)2-2583.503.383.753.253.44bat387Silicon ElectrolyteInterface StabilizationUpdate with Question andAnswer SessionAnthony n Deep-Dive Updatewith Question and AnswerSessionJohn ng the Stability ofLithium Metal Anodesand Inorganic-OrganicSolid ElectrolytesNitash tion Method forHigh-Energy, Long-LifeLithium-Ion Battery 03.21bat392Enabling Rapid Chargingin Lithium-Ion Batteriesvia IntegratedAcoustofluidics †James Friend(University ofCalifornia at t of anExtreme Fast ChargingBattery †Chao-YangWang (PennState University)2-2803.503.833.673.333.67bat394Highly OrderedHierarchical Anodes forExtreme Fast-ChargingBatteries †Neil Dasgupta(University ofMichigan)2-2833.002.833.502.832.962-8Batteries R&D
2019 ANNUAL MERIT REVIEW, VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES OFFICEPresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat395Developing Safe, HighEnergy, Fast-ChargeBatteries for Automobiles†Bryan Yonemoto(Microvast, Inc.)2-2863.383.383.633.383.41bat396Enabling Extreme FastCharging through AnodeModification †Esther Takeuchi(Stony anium Niobium OxideBased Lithium-IonBatteries for ExtremeFast-ChargingApplications †Sheng Dai(University ofTennessee atKnoxville)2-2933.133.133.503.383.20bat398Extreme Fast-ChargingLithium-Ion Batteries †Edward Buiel(Edward BuielConsulting, LLC)2-2963.133.002.753.133.02bat399High-Quality Natural andSynthetic Graphite forLithium-Ion Batteries †Edward Buiel(Edward BuielConsulting, LLC)2-3003.503.503.333.173.44bat400Novel Liquid/OligomerHybrid Electrolyte withHigh Lithium-IonTransference Number (HiLiT) for Extreme FastCharging †Zhijia Du (ORNL)2-3033.333.172.833.003.15bat401Advanced Electrolytes forExtreme Fast Charging †William bat407Understanding andModifyingCathode/ElectrolyteInterfaces †Jie Xiao (PNNL)2-3113.293.293.213.073.25bat408Interfacial Studies ofEmerging CathodeMaterials †Marca r-LevelUnderstanding ofCathode/ElectrolyteInterfaces †Mike Toney(SLAC)2-3213.433.503.643.363.48Batteries R&D2-9
PresentationIDPresentation reResearchWeightedAveragebat410Developing ScanningElectrochemicalMicroscopy (SECM) forCathode Interfaces †Robert Tenent(NREL)2-3273.213.003.212.933.07bat427In Operando ThermalDiagnostics ofElectrochemical Cells †Ravi igation on LithiumSuperoxide-BasedBatteries †Khalil 73.36OverallAverage† Denotes a poster presentation.2-10Batteries R&D
2019 ANNUAL MERIT REVIEW, VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES OFFICEPresentation Number: bat028Presentation Title: MaterialsBenchmarking Activities for CellAnalysis, Modeling, and Prototyping(CAMP) FacilityPrincipal Investigator: Wenquan Lu(Argonne National Laboratory)PresenterWenquan Lu, Argonne NationalLaboratoryReviewer Sample SizeA total of five reviewers evaluated thisproject.Approach to performingthe work—the degree to whichtechnical barriers are addressed, theproject is well-designed and wellplanned.The reviewer remarked that the projectteam was able to implement a rigorousapproach to validation of some of thekey materials such as silicon oxides(SiOx) anodes and nickel (Ni)-richcathodes. The reviewer said the teamused sound experimental design andcarefully managed testing protocols toachieve meaningful and valuableresults.Figure 2-1 – Presentation Number: bat028 Presentation Title: MaterialsBenchmarking Activities for Cell Analysis, Modeling, and Prototyping (CAMP)Facility Principal Investigator: Wenquan Lu (Argonne National Laboratory)The reviewer stated that development ofelectric vehicle (EV) batteries that meetor exceed U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) goals is a difficultbarrier for any one project to overcome. The reviewer also stated that benchmarking is an issue that must bedealt with to facilitate the broader community to contribute to the aforementioned barrier more efficiently. Thereviewer remarked the project is taking a well-designed and feasible approach to each of these issues.The reviewer stated that while the chemistries discussed (e.g., SiOx, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide[NMC-811], lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide [NCA], and 90% Ni NMC) are of interest to meet theUSABC goals, the testing approach was not. The reviewer noted that the electrode designs used in thispresentation were low in active material content, with positive electrodes averaging 90% and negativeelectrodes using out-of-date polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) with only 92% active material. Additionally,the reviewer said the loadings are quite low such as 6.1 milligrams per square centimeter (mg/cm2) in theNMC/NCA study. The reviewer indicated that for a facility to do valuable benchmarking work for thecommercial lithium (Li)-ion industry looking to produce cells that meet the USABC goals, the electrode designneeds to be one that has a chance at obtaining the goals. The reviewer suggested it would be nice to have seenthe positive materials benchmarked in a greater than 95% active formulation with a loading that gives an arealBatteries R&D2-11
capacity of more than 3 milliamp-hours per square centimeter (mAh/cm2) and an anode with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) / styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in excess of 96% active material. The reviewer suggestedthat for next-generation alloying materials on the negative electrode, these goals may be too aggressive, and amilder design instead could be considered should the overall electrode volumetric energy density besatisfactory to potentially
energy technologies to support affordable, secure, reliable, and efficient transportation systems across America. VTO leverages the unique capabilities and world-class expertise of the National Laboratory system to develop new innovations in electrification, including advanced battery technologies; advanced combustion
automotive batteries SAE J2464 for automotive rechargeable batteries (RESS systems) IEC 60086-4 Safety of lithium batteries UL 1642 for lithium ion batteries UN/DOT 38.3 for testing lithium ion batteries IEC 61960 for portable lithium cells and batteries IEC 62133 for p
automotive batteries SAE J2464 for automotive rechargeable batteries (RESS systems) IEC 60086-4 Safety of lithium batteries UL 1642 for lithium ion batteries UN/DOT 38.3 for testing lithium ion batteries IEC 61960 for portable lithium cells and batteries IEC 62133 for p
Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction 4 Section 2 Energy Storage Technologies 6 2.1 Mechanical storage 6 2.1.1 Pumped hydro storage 6 2.1.2 Compressed air energy storage 7 2.1.3 Flywheels 8 2.2 Electrochemical energy storage (batteries) 9 2.2.1 Conventional batteries 9 2.2.2 High temperature batteries 9 2.2.3 Flow batteries 10 2.3 Chemical energy storage 11 2.3.1 Hydrogen (H2) 12
Lithium Batteries There are two types of lithium batteries: Primary batteries, non -rechargeable that use lithium metal; often in an AA, 9V, or coin cell format. Secondary batteries, rechargeable lithium - polymer cells use an electrolyte and thin porous membrane that allows Li-ions to pass between the anode and cathode; come in
the batteries self discharge rate during storage periods. So, if the batteries you are using have an average self discharge rate of 5% per month at 20 C/68 F that rate will jump to 10% per month at 25 C/77 F. Depending upon technology, high-quality flooded deep-cycle batteries - like golf cart batteries - can have an average
RTCA DO-260B - FAA TSO-C166b Adherence to RTCA Standard is one means of compliance . STANDARDS FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES . 8 . History of Standards for Batteries . Standards for nickel -cadmium, nickel -metal hydride & lead acid batteries 07/04 Issues and questions arose during testing of batteries
The machine uses 4 x AA NiMH type rechargeable batteries. IMPORTANT NOTE The batteries must be installed before operating the machine. When replacing the batteries all four MUST be the same type of rechargeable batteries. To replace the batteries: 1. Power off the machine and place it upside down on a flat surface. 2.
This installation guide was created by Battle Born Batteries customer Toby Prudhomme as a resource for others and their projects. Toby is a member of OATH Inc. and created this as a . The first step was to remove the 2 lead-acid batteries (Figure 1 below) and wire the 3 new lithium batteries (Figures 2 and 3 below) inside the front storage .
