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MISSOURICONSERVATIONISTJuly2005Volume 66Issue 7Serving Nature & You

Vantage PointChild’s PlaySince you’re reading thismagazine, I assume youhave an interest in theoutdoors. What do you thinkcreated that interest?I used to spend hours as achild in the woods behind ourhouse. I climbed trees, built hidden forts, scavenged for berries.I never knew what I’d find, andthat was half the fun.What connected me to conservation was my time exploringwoods, fields and waters. It turnsout that I’m not alone.Environmental psychologist Louise Chawla studiedwhat people thought created their interest in conservation. The influences named most often were: The experience of routine play in nature as a child. The influence of one or more mentors—usuallyfamily—who shared a love of the outdoors. Involvement in scouts or other outdoor-relatedorganizations.In the past few months I’ve attended national andstatewide meetings that focused on how to enhanceconservation education. The goal is always the same:to help people learn to live well with the natural world.The big question is: What works best to achieve thisgoal?If we’re going to be a society that supports healthyanimal and plant life, as well as a thriving economybased on using natural resources in balanced andsustainable ways, two things have to happen. Peopleneed to understand how nature really works so theycan work with it and, just as important, they need tocare enough to try.Making the second part happen is our biggest challenge today. With computer games, TV, declining greenspace and scheduled activities, children often don’t havetime for outdoor play. When do children experience themagic of discovering the life in a stream or woods ontheir own? When do they have a chance to climb a tree,catch a fish, or just watch the clouds float by?Fortunately, finding adventure in nature doesn’trequire much in the way of space. Ken Finch, naturecenter leader and educator, simply let his kids dig a bighole to somewhere in his backyard. Their project quicklybecame the hit of their friends in the neighborhood.Author Richard Louv suggests that we should thinkof time in nature not only as a way to better understandit, but as a prescription for health, an antidote to whathe calls “nature deficit disorder.”Schools help kids connect with the natural world,but schools today have less funding for field trips, andteachers have to focus on the standards-driven subjectslike reading and math.As a state agency, we can’t do much to help yourchildren get outdoors to play, but we can help themexplore nature in other ways. That’s why we started thenew Conservation Field Trip Grant for schools, supportOutdoor Classroom grants and provide training forteachers in outdoor skills.We also provide conservation nature centers andnaturalists to help thousands of school children eachyear find their own wonder in nature, and we strive tomake our education materials fit seamlessly with theconcepts that teachers have to teach.We do what we can, but only you, as family orfriends, can create the chance for children to play innature. You can act as a guide or simply keep a watchfuleye. Children are naturally curious, and most are willing to get wet, dirty and really involved. Just provide theopportunity to get outdoors, and they’ll do the rest.If a healthy balance in nature is important to thequality of our lives, then surely the love of the outdoorsis worth keeping alive. It’s not that hard to start kids ona lifelong interest in the outdoors and conservation. Infact, it’s as simple as child’s play.Lorna Domke, Outreach & Education Division Administrator

ContentsJuly 2005Volume 66, Issue 74FISHING WITH A PAINTBRUSH—by Mark Van PattenYou might find the materials for agreat fishing fly in your garage orutility room.8FIELD OF TEAMS—by Phil HelfrichYouth Corps kids tear down aballfield while building selfrespect.12 HUNTING AND FISHINGPARTNERS —AND MARRIED— by Mark GoodwinThey vow to continue enjoyingthe outdoors together.416 REMARKABLE REDEARS—by Ken KieserFor tussle and taste, it’s hardto beat Missouri’s snail-eatingpanfish.81222 THE ORIGIN OF A FISH—by Marvin Boyerand George KromreyHatcheries keep our lakes filledand anglers happy.DEPARTMENTSReflections 2News & Almanac 28COVERRedear sunfish — by Cliff White1622Printed on recycled paper with soy inkContact us: Web page: http://www.missouriconservation.orgSubscriptions: free to adult Missouri residents;out of state 7 per year; out of country 10 per year.Send correspondence to: Circulation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180.Phone: 573/522-4115, ext. 3856 or 3249E-mail general questions: ken.drenon@mdc.mo.govE-mail magazine subscriptions: subscriptions@mdc.mo.govJuly 2005 1

ReflectionsSECRET SPOTThe picture of the crappie stringeryou showed in the Reflection Sectionbelonged on the cover. If the largestfive could have been weighed together,it probably would be a world recordstringer— it was awesome!Bob Bornholtz, Lake OzarkI saw that picture of the lady with thosehuge crappie. Maybe Hazel Creek?Johnnie Crain, via InternetEditor’s note: Lots of readers wondered where those crappie came from.I also fished for more informationbut came up empty. The woman inthe picture prefers her fishing spot toremain secret.NO-COST NATUREI like all the helpful information on howto attract wildlife during the differentseasons. Here in my part of Missouri, itseems people only get excited abouthunting (mostly deer) or fishing. I rarelyhear anyone talking about the beautywe possess in our great state.I suggest everyone appreciate theoutdoors, even if its only from yourbackyard or window. Nature is accessible to everyone in some way and—likeyour beautiful magazine—it’s free.Valerie Alexander, Greenvillespecialist in Kansas City diagnosed it asehrlichiosis and gave him Doxycyline. Ihave never seen a man so sick.If you feel sick after a tick bite, askyour doctor, “Is this ehrlichiosis?”Juanita Gibson, San Juan, TexasADHESIVE TICKSThe snakepicturedin the “AllAboutAlbinism”Albino prairie kingsnakearticle in theJune issue is an albino prairie kingsnake, not a copperhead.After reading the article on ticks in theMay Conservationist I thought I wouldshare my solution for dealing with thepesky critters before they bite. Graba piece of tape, any kind will do, andtouch the sticky side of the tape to thetick. Fold the tape over on itself, covering the tick, and throw it away.Helen Budinger, HarrisonvilleYour excellent article on ticks did not gointo enough detail about ehrlichiosis,which is fatal unless detected in time.During one of our regular vacationsnear Warsaw, my husband got a tick onhim. Two weeks later he began to runa temperature of 100. Four days later itwent up to 102. An infectious diseasesERRATUMSPAGHETTI STINGIn “Myths from the Deep,” I read thatcatfish “barbels are as limp as cookedspaghetti and couldn’t possibly hurt you.”When I tried to remove the hookfrom a small catfish I caught, the fishstiffened its whiskers and thrashed itshead violently. A whisker impaled myhand about an inch deep, creating apainful stinging.Russ Alford, ThayerEditor’s note: Catfish sting with spinescontained in their pectoral and dorsalfins, not with their barbels. Catfish stiffen their spines as a defensive mechanism. Thrashing during handling couldcause the spines to penetrate skin andcause pain. The smaller the catfish, themore difficult it is to avoid its spines.CATCHING CRAYFISHYour article on crawdads talks aboutusing a wire-mesh trap to catch them.Do you have instructions on how tomake this trap?Lawrence Glover, Walnut ShadeBOXED INDavid Owen Roger who lives six miles south of Mountain Grove captured thisclose-up view of a box turtle that was crawling across his lawn.2 Missouri ConservationistEditor’s note: Crayfish traps are simpleto make. An effective trap allows largecrayfish easy entry but frustrates theirattempts to leave. Most traps are madeof ¾-inch coated wire or plastic meshwith entry slots or funnels narrowing

to no more than 1.5 inches highleading into the trap at one or bothends. The traps can be rectangularor cylinder shaped. Include a door inthe trap to make it easier to add baitor remove crayfish. Minnow trapswould work, but their fine mesh wouldunnecessarily capture small crayfish.The letters printed here reflect readers’ opinions about the Conservationist and itscontents. Space limitations prevent us from printing all letters, but we welcome signedcomments from our readers. Letters may be edited for length and clarity.Ask the OmbudsmanQ:I have been hearing that copperheads andblack snakes are cross breeding. I didn’t thinkdifferent species could cross breed. How could thisrumor get started?A:This rumor is a pretty easy one to dispel since blackrat snakes lay eggs and copperheads bear live young.Also, you’re correct in that these are different species incapable of cross breeding. The Conservation Department’sherpetologist said the laws of heredity prevent crossbreeding from happening. Because, the chromosome number for each species isdifferent, it would be as impossible asa hawk mating with a chicken or a catmating with a dog.He said the rumor likely got startedwhen someone saw a black rat snakewith some patterns on its body, andwrongly assumed that it had resultedfrom a copperhead breeding with blackrat snake.Typical black rat snakeBlack rat snakes only turn blackwhen they mature. Young black ratsnakes have patterns, mainly gray withblack blotches.For more information about snakesplease check these Web sites: ildlife/g09450.htm, http://mdc.mo.gov/nathis/herpetol/snakep/, orBlack rat snake with ake1.htm.Ombudsman Ken Drenon will respondto your questions, suggestions orcomplaints concerning ConservationDepartment programs. Write him at P.O.Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180,call him at 573/522-4115, ext. 3848, ore-mail him at Ken.drenon@mdc.MISSOURICONSERVATIONISTGOVERNOR Matt BluntTHE CONSERVATION COMMISSIONStephen C. BradfordAnita B. GormanCynthia MetcalfeLowell MohlerDIRECTOR John HoskinsASSISTANT DIRECTOR Denise GarnierASSISTANT DIRECTOR John W. SmithASSISTANT DIRECTOR Stephen J. WilsonASSISTANT DIRECTOR Robert ZiehmerINTERNAL AUDITOR Nancy DubbertGENERAL COUNSEL Craig EvansDIVISIONSADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES Carter CampbellFISHERIES Steve EderFORESTRY Bob KreppsHUMAN RESOURCES Debbie GoffOUTREACH & EDUCATION Lorna DomkePRIVATE LAND SERVICES Lisa G. AllenPROTECTION Dennis StewardRESOURCE SCIENCE Dale D. HumburgWILDLIFE Dave EricksonREGIONAL OFFICESCape —573/884-6861Kansas 2420Springfield/Southwest—417/895-6880St. Joseph/Northwest—816/271-3100St. Louis—636/441-4554West Plains/Ozark—417/256-7161CONSERVATIONIST STAFFEDITOR Tom CwynarMANAGING EDITOR Nichole LeClairART EDITOR Ara ClarkARTIST Dave BesengerARTIST Mark RaithelPHOTOGRAPHER Jim RathertPHOTOGRAPHER Cliff WhiteSTAFF WRITER Jim LowSTAFF WRITER Joan McKeeCIRCULATION Laura ScheulerThe Missouri Conservationist (ISSN 0026-6515) is the officialmonthly publication of the Missouri Department of Conservation,2901 West Truman Boulevard, Jefferson City, MO (Mailing address:P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102.) Subscription free to adultMissouri residents; out of state 7 per year; out of country 10per year. Notification of address change must include both oldand new address (send mailing label with the subscriber number on it) with 60-day notice. Preferred periodical postage paidat Jefferson City, Mo., and at additional entry offices. Postmaster:Send correspondence to Circulation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City,MO 65102-0180. Phone: 573/751-4115. Copyright 2005 by theConservation Commission of the State of Missouri.Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programsof the Missouri Department of Conservation is available to allindividuals without regard to their race, color, national origin, sex,age or disability. Questions should be directed to the Departmentof Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102, (573) 7514115 (voice) or 800-735-2966 (TTY), or to the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService Division of Federal Assistance, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, MailStop: MBSP-4020, Arlington, VA 22203.Copperhead snakePrinted in USAJuly 2005 3

FISHING WITH APaintbrushWhen it comes to fly-tying, any material you can findmight do the trick. by Mark Van Patten, photos by Cliff White4 Missouri Conservationist

July 2005 5

The resurgence of fly fishing brought about by thatmovie, “A River Runs Through It,” has increasedrevenues in fly shops dramatically. Every wanna-be fly angler desires to be the best dressed on thestream. They look like they just stepped out of one ofthose high-priced, fly-fishing catalogues. Every fly angler who chooses to tie his or her own flies has to havethe most expensive feathers and the latest materials.Yes, I admit it. There is something about thoseextremely expensive, genetically engineered feathersthat makes me drool. However, you do not need toinvest a small fortune to have a great time tying fliesand catching fish.When I started tying flies nearly 40 years ago, manyof today’s materials did not exist and, at least in mypart of the Ozarks, there was no such thing as highpriced feathers.I was raised by a pair of pre-depression fly anglers.My grandfather and grandmother were as pure to thesport as anyone. They plucked feathers as we neededthem from the four barnyard roosters that ran withour chickens. My grandfather was pretty proud of hischicken collection. He had one that was a perfect gingercolor, one white, one grizzly and one black. There wasn’ta dry fly made that he could not tie with a hackle fromone of his own roosters.Our roosters were pretty darn neurotic. I suppose itwas because of the occasional grooming we forced onthem. After a good plucking they would fight each otherPaintbrushbristleSweater yarnRooster feathers6 Missouri Conservationistand anyone else who happened to venture too close tothem for a week.We never ordered our fly-tying materials out of acatalog. We mostly used what we had around the house.We did buy our hooks and some thread from the flyshop at Bennett Spring. However, many of the materials we used were common household items. Granny’squilting thread was a bit heavy, but worked in a pinch.If you waxed the thread with candle wax it worked welland lasted at least long enough to lose your fly in a treeor to a big fish.My grandfather and I were tying caddisfly adultsone September when we ran out of white-tailed deerbody hair for the wings of the adult dry fly imitation. Itwas still two months before the opening of deer seasonand the caddis hatch on the Meramec wouldn’t waitthat long.Gramps went out to the garage and pilfered aroundfor a while and came back in with a paintbrush. Thepaintbrush was old and well used. There was no telling how much lead-based paint and turpentine it hadspread. The natural bristles had the perfect color andstiffness for the wings of our caddisflies.One of my grandfather’s most cherished possessionswas a ball of yarn pulled from an old wool World WarII army sweater. The color was a good match for scudsand native caddis larva found in many of the Ozarksspring-fed trout streams. The wool would soak up waterallowing the fly to sink. He called his version of the flyan “army worm.”Gramps and I would collect tinsel from the Christmastree and save it for flies. We reminded Granny to be sureand buy the gold tinsel as well as the silver. Gold is agreat color for the trout at Bennett Spring. I discoveredthat the batting Granny used to make quilts took dyepretty well and made great dubbing for nymphs and dryfly bodies. Dubbing is fur, or a good substitute material,applied to a waxed thread then wrapped around a hookto make a body for many fly patterns.The first dye I used was a tea made from the greenhusk of a black walnut. I found that if I added a littlecream of tarter to the dye and then soaked the materiala second time in some moss green Rit dye, the materialscame out a beautiful olive color. Olive is one of the mostprevalent colors in aquatic insects. Along with black andbrown, it’s one of my staple colors when fishing for trout.We could get very inventive when it came to tyingflies. We used to collect the white fuzzy stuff that cameout of a milkweed plant. It made a good dubbing thatrepelled water fairly well, allowing the fly to float.We often used pieces of yarn to make fly bodies. You

Sweater yarnChristmas tinselRooster featherscould change the thickness of the body by pulling theindividual strands of yarn apart and only using two orthree strands instead of a whole piece. A piece of a clearplastic sandwich bag made a good-looking shell-backfor a scud or fresh water shrimp imitation.For ribbing, we used fine copper wire from an oldtransformer, or a single strand of wire pulled from amulti-strand electrical wire. The wire added weight forflies we wanted to sink.We had an English setter bird dog that provided anoccasional clipping of hair, but the cats around thebarn were our best source of dubbing fur. I would takea carding tool and give the cats a good brushing. Thebarn cats were pretty wild, so I had to wear leathergloves to protect my hands from their claws and teeth.Before we could use the cat underfur, we had to washit thoroughly. Otherwise, the fish would have smelledthe predator.I did a lot of squirrel hunting as a boy. We kept thetails and body fur for fly-tying. Squirrel tail is ideal forcrayfish claws, wings on streamers, and tails on manyflies. Mixed squirrel body hair was perfect for scuds andbuggy-looking nymphs.Rabbits were also a great source for dubbing fur.Rabbit fur is one of the easiest furs to apply to thethread. Blends of squirrel and rabbit make some of thebest dubbing available. Many manufacturers sell blendsof rabbit and squirrel body hair dyed various colors.If you live in town, hunting may not be an option foryou, but there are many materials available right therein your own home to make a fly. Check out the stuffingin an old stuffed toy, animal or pillow. Pull out somedental floss for fly bodies. There is no limit to whatmight work for tying flies.Tying your own flies is more fun and rewardingwhen you can turn junk from around the house into afish-catching treasure. You might even catch the fishof a lifetime on one of your flies because your uniquecreation might pique the interest of a big fish that hasseen all the standard flies.And when someone asks you what you caught himon, you can proudly say, “A fly I tied myself.” July 2005 7

8 Missouri Conservationist

Field ofTeamsby Phil Helfrich, illustrations by Mark RaithelThe Youth Conservation Corpsteaches leadership, teamworkand the value of hard work.Tall, ghost lights surround an abandoned baseballfield next to the Charleston Baptist AssociationCamp near Benton. Rolled-up outfield fencerusts in a nearby trash pile. Two bases, overgrown withgrasses and desert-like plants, remain anchored in thesandy soil.July 2005 9

Twenty-five years ago, local church teams spotted flyballs courtesy of those 1500-watt beacons. These days,another kind of illumination guides the teams of youngmen and women at work and play here. Under thesummer sun these youngsters chase down native seed,swing away at invasive trees, dig firelines and, sad buttrue, throw out the last traces of the ball diamond.“There’s a couple of the poles we pulled out. Here’ssome of the fence we tore up. That building right there?We knocked it over,” said James, pointing out projectshis seven-member team completed over the summer of2004. “It’s one of the last sand prairies in Missouri andwe’re helping to preserve it. That’s pretty cool.”James and his crew are part of a MissouriConservation Department summer program. TheSoutheast Youth Conservation Corps is now in its thirdyear of operation. Although there are additional SYCCcrews in Marble Hill, Cape Girardeau, Scott City andPilot Knob, James’ crew is unique. At the end

your beautiful magazine—it’s free. Valerie Alexander, Greenville ADHESIVE TICKS After reading the article on ticks in the May Conservationist I thought I would share my solution for dealing with the pesky critters before they bite. Grab a piece of tape, any kind will do, and touch the sticky side of the tape to the tick.

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