Anish Khan Abdullah M. Asiri Editors E-waste Recycling And .
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable WorldAnish KhanInamuddinAbdullah M. Asiri EditorsE-wasteRecycling andManagementPresent Scenarios and EnvironmentalIssues
Environmental Chemistry for a SustainableWorldVolume 33Series editorsEric Lichtfouse, Aix-Marseille University, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, INRA, CollFrance, Aix-en-Provence, FranceJan Schwarzbauer, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyDidier Robert, CNRS, European Laboratory for Catalysis and Surface Sciences,Saint-Avold, Francemasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
Other Publications by the EditorsBooksEnvironmental Organic Contaminants in Riverine and Groundwater stainable AgricultureVolume 1: http://www.springer.com/978-90-481-2665-1Volume 2: http://www.springer.com/978-94-007-0393-3Book seriesEnvironmental Chemistry for a Sustainable le Agriculture Environmental Chemistry Lettershttp://www.springer.com/10311More information about this series at @sauder.ubc.ca
Anish Khan Inamuddin Abdullah M. AsiriEditorsE-waste Recyclingand ManagementPresent Scenarios and Environmental Issuesmasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
EditorsAnish KhanChemistry DepartmentKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi ArabiaAbdullah M. AsiriChemistry Department,Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi ArabiaInamuddinChemistry Department,Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi ArabiaISSN 2213-7114 ISSN 2213-7122 (electronic)Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable WorldISBN 978-3-030-14183-7 ISBN 978-3-030-14184-4 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14184-4 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodologynow known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this bookare believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or theeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errorsor omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claimsin published maps and institutional affiliations.This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerlandmasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
PrefaceExpanding the rate of market infiltration, financial development and fast mechanicalprogression prompt the monstrous age of electronic waste in the habitat. Theabsence of awareness and coarse treatment of e-waste causes a worldwide threat.E-waste is a famous casual name for electronic items generated after their helpfullife. Computers, televisions, video cameras, recorders, stereos, copiers and faxmachines are some of the regular electronic items being generated as e-waste. Anumber of items may be reused after giving a face-lift. However, with quick changing advancements and consistent buyer interest for the most recent gadgets, theascent in e-waste looks set to proceed. Indeed, the purchasers may play an essentialrole by picking items that are less perilous and are intended for more secure reusing.On the other hand, the e-waste management networks may be set up to guaranteethe collection of inappropriately surrendered or censured items and outdated or broken electrical or electronic gadgets. It is obvious that the e-waste items, which aregenerated and not managed properly, contaminate nature, making it inadmissiblefor human home. On the other hand, the progression of advancements has decreasedthe life cycle of electronic items. Thus, the rate to outdated old items increases progressively. Thus, it is very necessary to be aware of the e-waste world and its impacton the global habitat of the species. In view of that, this book is planned to providea comprehensive literature on the global e-waste recycling and management. Thisbook is divided into 12 chapters as given below:Chapter 1 explores the status of a cathode-ray tube disposal and environmentalissues followed by potential challenges of segregating funnel and panel glass ofcathode-ray tube. Separation of funnel and panel glass from the cathode-ray tubebased on open-loop and closed-loop process is discussed with pros and cons.Chapter 2 includes a description of methods of disassembly focused on e-wasterecycling in compliance with environmental standards. The required steps of theend-of-life products disassembly vary depending on the category of waste equipment. To show these differences, the chapter includes two case studies showing theconfiguration of a layout of e-waste processing lines with possible options to reconfigure them. The variants of the system’s configuration depend on the volume of thewaste stream, labour cost and required purity of output materials. Economicvmasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
viPrefacee fficiency indicator of e-waste is presented in this chapter on cooling appliancesrecycling for four European countries.Chapter 3 discusses some of the most important factors, including legal, statistical, economic and organizational factors that affect the recycling of waste electricaland electronic equipment or more broadly the recycling of general electronic wastein Japan and other countries. The policy importance of incorporating manufacturingsupply chains in the design of environmental management of production systems isemphasized. This chapter puts forward some recommendations that need to betaken into account in the public policy debate in order to improve the current lowrates.Chapter 4 discusses the current state of electronic waste management throughtechnology. It begins by giving the definition and classification of electronic wasteseparation and recycling strategies. It is also mentioning the importance of electronic waste management and statistics of the exponential increase of electronicwaste. After that, electronic waste is classified, and the major challenges faced inelectric and electronic waste management and control regulations are discussed.Finally, the material composition in waste electrical and electronic equipment andcurrent as well as future electronic waste management technologies are discussed indetails.Chapter 5 discusses the recycling challenges for the adoption of e-waste reverselogistics under the perspective of developing countries. It is also pointing out thecategorization of the barriers in financial/economics; environmental; market related;legal; policy related; management; knowledge related and technical and technological related. The compilation of information related to recycling challenges ofe-waste in developing countries and the identification of some solutions and actionsto overcome these barriers are also discussed which can be useful for practitionersand researchers.Chapter 6 explores the systematic methods used for the management of electronic waste. It provides information about electronic waste, plastics in electronicwaste, electronic waste management issues, worldwide electronic waste generationand issues related to electronic waste and environmental public health. Finally,energy recovery from electronic waste using methods such as chemical recycling,mechanochemical treatment, hydrothermal process, pyrolysis, combustion process,gasification process, integrated process and hydrocracking is discussed.Chapter 7 contributes to the literature on the management of waste electrical andelectronic equipment (WEEE) by comparing the performance of the differentEuropean Union countries according to the targets set in the regulation of theUnion’s environmental policy on WEEE. To this end, the traditional non-parametricdata envelopment analysis is used to measure technical efficiency for the first timein the literature. A sample of 30 European countries for the year 2014 is used withthe purpose of comparing their performance, ranking the countries and identifyingtheir level of inefficiency.masao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
PrefaceviiChapter 8 addresses the various categories deployed towards effective e-wastemanagement such as collection, disposal of dangerous portions and recovery of precious metals and energy. The benefits, challenges and future of e-waste management are also highlighted.Chapter 9 discusses the methods used for the recycling of the precious metalsobtained from the light-emitting diode industry. These metals are gallium, indium,rare earth elements like yttrium and cerium and precious metals such as gold andsilver. Some of the most important methods developed for this purpose includepyrometallurgical (pyrolysis), hydrometallurgical (acid leaching) and biotechnological technologies (microbial leaching).Chapter 10 discusses the current scenario in the electrical and electronic equipment industry and generation of waste electric and electronic equipment considering the implications of resource management and environment, social and economicimpact in this production chain.Chapter 11 deals with sustainable electronic waste management implications forenvironmental and human health. It is written to explain the electronic waste andsustainable development goals with electronic waste tracking and driving trends.The electronic waste statistics and measurement along the side positive and negativeeffects of electronic waste are also discussed. Some of the products that make challenges to a recycler are also discussed. Finally, the implications of electronic wasteon human health and the environment discourse with the aim of electronic wastemanagement are discussed.Chapter 12 provides a brief insight into the global trends of e-waste generation,critical issues and challenges associated with e-waste and its effects on environmental and human health. Finally, the chapter highlights the need for sustainable environmental management of e-waste.Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Jeddah, Saudi Arabia InamuddinAnish KhanAbdullah M. Asirimasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
Contents1 Solution and Challenges in Recycling Waste Cathode-Ray Tube.Shahriar Shams12 Reconfigurable Recycling Systems of E-waste.Piotr Nowakowski193 An Economic Assessment of Present and FutureElectronic-Waste Streams: Japan’s Experience.Hitoshi Hayami and Masao Nakamura4 Recent Technologies in Electronic-Waste Management.Mohamed Aboughaly and Hossam A. Gabbar5 Recycling Challenges for Electronic Consumer Productsto E-Waste: A Developing Countries’ Perspective.Patricia Guarnieri, Lúcio Camara e Silva, Lúcia Helena Xavier,and Gisele Lorena Diniz Chaves3963816 Chemical Recycling of Electronic-Waste for CleanFuel Production. 111Jayaseelan Arun and Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath7 Management of Waste Electrical and ElectronicEquipment in European Union Countries: A Comparison. 127Isabel Narbón-Perpiñá and Diego Prior8 E-Waste Management from Macroscopic to Microscopic Scale. 143Chukwudi O. Onwosi, Victor C. Igbokwe, Tochukwu N. Nwagu,Joyce N. Odimba, and Charles O. Nwuche9 Recycling Processes for the Recovery of Metalfrom E-waste of the LED Industry. 159Emanuele Caroline Araújo dos Santos, Tamires Augustin da Silveira,Angéli Viviani Colling, Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes,and Feliciane Andrade Brehmixmasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
xContents10 E-waste Management and the Conservationof Geochemical Scarce Resources. 179Tamires Augustin da Silveira, Emanuele Caroline Araújo dos Santos,Angéli Viviani Colling, Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes,and Feliciane Andrade Brehm11 Sustainable Electronic-Waste Management:Implications on Environmental and Human Health. 201K. Grace Pavithra, Panneer Selvam Sundar Rajan, D. Balaji,and K. P. Gopinath12 E-waste and Their Implications on the Environmentand Human Health. 219Barkha Vaish, Bhavisha Sharma, Pooja Singh,and Rajeev Pratap Singh Index. 233masao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
ContributorsMohamed Aboughaly Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, andFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute ofTechnology, Oshawa, ON, CanadaJayaseelan Arun Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College ofEngineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, IndiaD. Balaji Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering,Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaFeliciane Andrade Brehm Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS,Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilLúcio Camara e Silva Management Engineering Department, CDSID – Centerfor Decision Systems and Information Development, Federal University ofPernambuco, Recife, BrazilGisele Lorena Diniz Chaves Department of Engineering and Technology, FederalUniversity of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, BrazilAngéli Viviani Colling Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS,Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilTamires Augustin da Silveira Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos –UNISINOS, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilEmanuele Caroline Araújo dos Santos Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos –UNISINOS, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHossam A. Gabbar Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, and Facultyof Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology,Oshawa, ON, CanadaKannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath Department of Chemical Engineering,SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, Indiaximasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
xiiContributorsK. Grace Pavithra Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College ofEngineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPatricia Guarnieri Faculty of Economics, Administration, Accounting and PublicPolicies Management, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilHitoshi Hayami Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo,JapanVictor C. Igbokwe Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaBioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria,Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaCarlos Alberto Mendes Moraes Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos –UNISINOS, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilMasao Nakamura Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, CanadaGraduate School of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, JapanIsabel Narbón-Perpiñá Department of Business, Universitat Autònoma deBarcelona, Barcelona, SpainPiotr Nowakowski Faculty of Transport, Silesian University of Technology,Katowice, PolandTochukwu N. Nwagu Department of Microbiology, Faculty of BiologicalSciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaCharles O. Nwuche Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaJoyce N. Odimba Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaBioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria,Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaChukwudi O. Onwosi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of BiologicalSciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaBioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria,Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaDiego Prior Department of Business, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,Barcelona, SpainShahriar Shams Civil Engineering Programme Area, Universiti Teknologi Brunei,Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei Darussalammasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
ContributorsxiiiBhavisha Sharma Department of Environment and Sustainable Development,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi, IndiaPooja Singh Department of Science, Institute of Computer Science and Technology,SHEPA, Varanasi, IndiaRajeev Pratap Singh Department of Environment and Sustainable Development,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi, IndiaPanneer Selvam Sundar Rajan Department of Chemical Engineering, SSNCollege of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBarkha Vaish Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Instituteof Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,IndiaLúcia Helena Xavier Centre for Mineral Technology (CETEM), Rio de Janeiro,Brazilmasao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca
Chapter 3An Economic Assessment of Presentand Future Electronic-Waste Streams:Japan’s ExperienceHitoshi Hayami and Masao NakamuraContents3.1 I ntroduction 3.2 E lectronic-Waste Management in Japan 3.2.1 Legal Institutions Overseeing Electronic-Waste Management in Japan 3.2.2 Overview of Electronic-Waste Recycling 3.2.3 Costs of Electronic-Waste Recycling 3.3 Life Cycle Policy Analysis Using Input-Output (I-O) Tables: Recyclingof Mobile Phones and Personal Computers and Their Supply Chains in Japan 3.3.1 Supply Chain Implications of Recycling End Products: Reductionsof the Resources Used in Upstream Suppliers 3.3.2 Reductions in Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from RecyclingElectronic-Waste 3.3.3 Issues of Who Bears the Burden of the Costs of Electronic-WasteRecycling 3.4 Concluding Remarks References 4043444546485255586061Abstract In this chapter, we discuss some of the most important factors, includinglegal, statistical, economic, and organizational factors, that affect the recycling ofwaste electrical and electronic equipment or more broadly the recycling of generalElectronic-waste in Japan and other countries. In doing so, we emphasize the policyimportance of incorporating manufacturing supply chains in the design of environmental management of production systems.The research reported here is in part supported by the Keio Gijuku Academic Development Fundsand the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.H. HayamiFaculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, JapanM. Nakamura (*)Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaGraduate School of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, Japane-mail: masao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020A. Khan et al. (eds.), E-waste Recycling and Management,Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 33,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14184-4 3masao.nakamura@sauder.ubc.ca39
40H. Hayami and M. NakamuraWe also point out that the rates of collecting and recycling waste electrical andelectronic equipment are relatively low in Japan as well as in the European Unioncountries. This chapter puts forward some recommendations that need to be taken intoaccount in the public policy debate in order that the current low rates are to be improved.3.1 IntroductionMuch attention has been paid to the generation of Electronic-waste (typicallytermed as “E-w
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World Volume 33 Series editors Eric Lichtfouse, Aix-Marseille University, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll
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