Results From The 2007 National Survey On Drug Use And .
Results from the 2007National Survey on Drug Use and Health:National FindingsDISCLAIMERSAMHSA provides links to other Internet sites as a service to its users, and is notresponsible for the availability or content of these external sites. SAMHSA, itsemployees, and contractors do not endorse, warrant, or guarantee the products,services, or information described or offered at these other Internet sites. Anyreference to a commercial product, process, or service is not an endorsement orrecommendation by the SAMHSA, its employees, or contractors. For documentsavailable from this server, the U.S. Government does not warrant or assume any legalliability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of anyinformation, apparatus, product, or process disclosed.DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationOffice of Applied Studies
AcknowledgmentsThis report was prepared by the Division of Population Surveys, Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA,and by RTI International, a trade name of Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NorthCarolina. Work by RTI was performed under Contract No. 283-2004-00022. Contributors and reviewersat RTI listed alphabetically include Jeremy Aldworth, Kimberly Ault, Ellen Bishop, Lisa Carpenter,Patrick Chen, James R. Chromy, Elizabeth Copello, David B. Cunningham, Lanting Dai, Teresa R. Davis,Ralph E. Folsom, Jr., Misty Foster, Peter Frechtel, G. G. Frick, Julia Gable, Jody M. Greene, WafaHandley, David C. Heller, Erica Hirsch, Ilona Johnson, Lauren Klein, Larry A. Kroutil, Bing Liu, MaryEllen Marsden, Katherine B. Morton, Breda Munoz, Scott Novak, Lisa E. Packer, Lanny Piper, JeremyPorter, Heather Ringeisen, Tania Robbins, Harley Rohloff, Kathryn Spagnola, Thomas G. Virag (ProjectDirector), Michael Vorburger, and Jiantong Wang. Contributors at SAMHSA listed alphabetically, withchapter authorship noted, include Peggy Barker, Jonaki Bose, James Colliver (Chapters 2 and 4), LisaColpe (Chapter 8), Joseph Gfroerer (Chapters 1 and 9), Beth Han (Chapters 6 and 7), Arthur Hughes(Project Officer), Joel Kennet (Chapter 3), Pradip Muhuri (Chapter 5), and Dicy Painter. Also at RTI,report and web production staff listed alphabetically include Teresa G. Bass, Wendy Broome, CassandraM. Carter, Joyce Clay-Brooks, Diane G. Eckard, Shari B. Lambert, Danny Occoquan, Brenda K. Porter,Pamela Couch Prevatt, and Richard S. Straw. Final report production was provided by Beatrice Rouse,Coleen Sanderson, and Jane Feldmann at SAMHSA.Public Domain NoticeAll material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied withoutpermission from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. However, thispublication may not be reproduced or distributed for a fee without specific, written authorization of theOffice of Communications, SAMHSA, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Citation of thesource is appreciated. Suggested citation:Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2008). Results from the2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (Office of AppliedStudies, NSDUH Series H-34, DHHS Publication No. SMA 08-4343). Rockville, MD.Electronic Access to PublicationThis publication may be downloaded from http://oas.samhsa.gov.Hard copies may be obtained from http://oas.samhsa.gov/copies.cfm.Or please call SAMHSA's Health Information Network at:1-877-SAMHSA-7 (1-877-726-4727)(English and Español).Originating OfficeSAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 7-1044Rockville, MD 20857September 2008ii
Table of ContentsChapterPageList of Figures . viiList of Tables . xiHighlights. 11.Introduction . 91.1.Summary of NSDUH . 91.2.Trend Measurement . 101.3.Change in Estimates for Psychotherapeutic Drugs and Stimulants . 101.4.Format of Report and Explanation of Tables . 111.5.Other NSDUH Reports and Data . 132.Illicit Drug Use . 15Age . 19Youths Aged 12 to 17 . 20Young Adults Aged 18 to 25 . 21Adults Aged 26 or Older . 22Gender . 23Pregnant Women . 24Race/Ethnicity . 25Education . 25College Students . 26Employment . 26Geographic Area . 27Criminal Justice Populations. 27Frequency of Use . 28Association with Cigarette and Alcohol Use . 28Driving Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs . 29Source of Prescription Drugs . 293.Alcohol Use . 313.1.Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older . 31Age . 32Gender . 33Pregnant Women . 33Race/Ethnicity . 33Education . 34College Students . 34Employment . 35Geographic Area . 35Association with Illicit Drug and Tobacco Use . 36Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol . 363.2.Underage Alcohol Use . 38iii
Table of Contents (continued)ChapterPage4.Tobacco Use. 41Age . 42Gender . 43Pregnant Women . 45Race/Ethnicity . 46Education . 46College Students . 46Employment . 47Geographic Area . 47Association with Illicit Drug and Alcohol Use . 48Frequency of Cigarette Use . 485.Initiation of Substance Use . 49Initiation of Illicit Drug Use . 50Comparison, by Drug . 50Marijuana . 52Cocaine . 53Heroin . 53Hallucinogens . 54Inhalants . 55Psychotherapeutics . 55Alcohol. 55Tobacco . 566.Youth Prevention-Related Measures . 59Perceptions of Risk . 59Perceived Availability . 63Perceived Parental Disapproval of Substance Use . 64Feelings about Peer Substance Use. 66Fighting and Delinquent Behavior . 66Religious Beliefs and Participation in Activities . 67Exposure to Substance Use Prevention Messages and Programs . 67Parental Involvement . 697.Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Treatment . 717.1.Substance Dependence or Abuse . 71Age at First Use . 73Age . 74Gender . 75Race/Ethnicity . 75Education/Employment. 76Criminal Justice Populations. 76Geographic Area . 767.2.Past Year Treatment for a Substance Use Problem . 76iv
Table of Contents (continued)Chapter7.3.PageNeed for and Receipt of Specialty Treatment . 78Illicit Drug or Alcohol Use Treatment and Treatment Need . 80Illicit Drug Use Treatment and Treatment Need . 83Alcohol Use Treatment and Treatment Need . 838.Mental Health. 858.1.Adults Aged 18 or Older . 87Prevalence of Serious Psychological Distress among Adults . 87Mental Health Service Use among Adults with Serious PsychologicalDistress. 88Serious Psychological Distress and Substance Use and Dependence orAbuse among Adults . 89Mental Health Care among Adults with Co-Occurring SeriousPsychological Distress and Substance Use Disorders . 89Prevalence of Major Depressive Episode among Adults . 89Major Depressive Episode and Substance Use and Dependence or Abuseamong Adults . 90Treatment for Major Depressive Episode among Adults . 92Mental Health Service Use and Unmet Need for Mental Health Careamong Adults . 938.2.Youths Aged 12 to 17 . 94Prevalence of Major Depressive Episode among Youths . 94Major Depressive Episode and Substance Use among Youths . 96Treatment for Major Depressive Episode among Youths. 97Mental Health Service Use among Youths . 979.Discussion of Trends in Substance Use among Youths and Young Adults . 101AppendixA.B.C.D.E.F.G.Description of the Survey .107Statistical Methods and Measurement .117Key Definitions, 2007 .163Other Sources of Data .201References .211Sample Size and Population Tables .241Selected Prevalence Tables .249v
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List of FiguresFigurePage2.1Past Month Illicit Drug Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older: 2007. 162.2Past Month Use of Selected Illicit Drugs among Persons Aged 12 or Older: 20022007. 172.3Past Month Nonmedical Use of Types of Psychotherapeutic Drugs among PersonsAged 12 or Older: 2002-2007 . 182.4Past Month Illicit Drug Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age: 2007 . 192.5Past Month Use of Selected Illicit Drugs among Youths Aged 12 to 17: 20022007. 202.6Past Month Use of Selected Illicit Drugs among Young Adults Aged 18 to 25:2002-2007 . 222.7Past Month Illicit Drug Use among Adults Aged 50 to 59: 2002-2007 . 232.8Past Month Marijuana Use among Youths Aged 12 to 17, by Gender: 2002-2007 . 242.9Past Month Illicit Drug Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Race/Ethnicity:2007. 252.10Past Month Illicit Drug Use among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by EmploymentStatus: 2007. 262.11Past Month Illicit Drug Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by County Type:2007. 283.1Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, byAge: 2007 . 323.2Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, byRace/Ethnicity: 2007. 343.3Heavy Alcohol Use among Adults Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment: 20022007. 353.4Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12or Older: 2002-2007 . 373.5Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol in the Past Year among Persons Aged 16or Older, by Age: 2007 . 37vii
List of Figures (continued)FigurePage3.6Current Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Age: 2002-2007 . 383.7Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, byGender: 2007 . 394.1Past Month Tobacco Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older: 2002-2007 . 414.2Past Month Tobacco Use among Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2002-2007. 424.3Past Month Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by A
First Use of Marijuana among Past Year Marijuana Initiates Aged 12 to 49: 2002-2007. 53 5.5 Past Year Ecstasy Initiates among Persons Aged 12 or Older and Mean Age at First Use of Ecstasy among Past Year Ecstasy Initiates Aged 12 to 49: 2002-2007 . 54 5.6 Past Year Methamphetamine Initiates among Persons Aged 12 or Older and Mean .
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
